公开(公告)号：US20080073225A1

公开(公告)日：2008-03-27

申请号：US11630975

申请日：2005-06-29

申请人： Christian Paulus

发明人： Christian Paulus

IPC分类号： G01F1/64

CPC分类号： G01N33/5438 ,  G01N27/3277

摘要： A sensor array with at least three electrodes and a switching unit is disclosed, as well as a process for operating such a sensor array for implementing an electrochemical analysis process. The at least three electrodes can be selectively switched as counter-electrodes or as a working electrode which can be electrically coupled to an electrolytic analyte. The at least three electrodes are set up in such a way that sensor events occur at an electrode switched as working electrode in the electrolyte solution, in the presence of the electrolytic analyte. The electrodes which are not required as working electrodes at a particular point in time for detecting the electrolytic analyte can thus be switched together to form the counter-electrode of the sensor array, thus dispensing with the need for a separate counter-electrode.

摘要翻译： 公开了具有至少三个电极和开关单元的传感器阵列，以及用于操作用于实现电化学分析过程的这种传感器阵列的方法。 可以将至少三个电极选择性地切换为对电极或作为电耦合到电解分析物的工作电极。 至少三个电极被设置成使得传感器事件发生在电解质溶液存在下在电解质溶液中作为工作电极切换的电极处。 因此，在用于检测电解分析物的特定时间点不需要作为工作电极的电极可以一起切换以形成传感器阵列的对电极，从而分配需要单独的对电极。

公开(公告)号：US20070068805A1

公开(公告)日：2007-03-29

申请号：US10551865

申请日：2004-04-02

申请人： Christian Paulus ,  Meinrad Schienle

发明人： Christian Paulus ,  Meinrad Schienle

IPC分类号： G01N33/487

CPC分类号： G01N27/3277

摘要： The invention relates to a sensor arrangement and sensor array with a sensor arrangement for the detection of particles possibly contained in an electrolytic analyte, comprising a working electrode which may be electrically coupled to the electrolytic analyte, with immobilized trap molecules such that in the presence of the electrolytic analyte containing the particles for detection, sensor events occur at the working electrode of the sensor arrangement. Furthermore, an auxiliary electrode which may be electrically coupled to the electrolytic analyte is provided and an operating circuit coupled to the working electrode, embodied such as to maintain an essentially constant potential difference between the working electrode and the auxiliary electrode. The sensor also comprises a device, embodied to maintain an essentially constant ratio between the current flowing to the working electrode and the current flowing to the auxiliary electrode.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种传感器装置和传感器阵列，其具有用于检测可能包含在电解分析物中的颗粒的传感器装置，该传感器装置包括可与电解分析物电耦合的工作电极，其具有固定的阱分子，使得在存在 包含用于检测的颗粒的电解质分析物传感器事件发生在传感器装置的工作电极处。 此外，提供可以电耦合到电解分析物的辅助电极，并且耦合到工作电极的操作电路被实现为在工作电极和辅助电极之间保持基本上恒定的电位差。 传感器还包括一种装置，其被实施为保持流到工作电极的电流和流向辅助电极的电流之间的基本恒定的比率。

公开(公告)号：US07084641B2

公开(公告)日：2006-08-01

申请号：US10754909

申请日：2004-01-09

申请人： Ralf Brederlow ,  Bjorn-Oliver Eversmann ,  Ivo Koren ,  Christian Paulus ,  Roland Thewes

发明人： Ralf Brederlow ,  Bjorn-Oliver Eversmann ,  Ivo Koren ,  Christian Paulus ,  Roland Thewes

IPC分类号： G01R27/26 ,  G01N27/00

CPC分类号： G11C27/024 ,  G01N27/4148 ,  G01N33/48728

摘要： A measuring cell for recording an electrical potential of an analyte situated on the measuring cell. The measuring cell has a sensor, a layer arranged above the sensor and electrically insulating the analyte from the sensor, and an amplifier circuit connected to the sensor on a substrate and having an input stage containing a field-effect transistor or a bipolar transistor, the sensor being at least indirectly connected to a control terminal of the field-effect transistor or of the bipolar transistor. An operating point of the amplifier circuit is set by means of a voltage or a current applied at the control terminal of the field-effect transistor or of the bipolar transistor of the input stage of the amplifier circuit.

摘要翻译： 用于记录位于测量池上的分析物的电位的测量单元。 测量单元具有传感器，布置在传感器上方并将分析物与传感器电绝缘的层，以及连接到衬底上的传感器并具有包含场效应晶体管或双极晶体管的输入级的放大器电路， 传感器至少间接连接到场效应晶体管或双极晶体管的控制端子。 放大器电路的工作点通过施加在场效应晶体管的控制端或放大器电路的输入级的双极晶体管的电压或电流来设定。

公开(公告)号：US20060152397A1

公开(公告)日：2006-07-13

申请号：US10536764

申请日：2003-10-29

申请人： Christian Paulus

发明人： Christian Paulus

IPC分类号： H03M1/12

CPC分类号： H03M1/362

摘要： The invention relates to an analog-to-digital converter. The analog-to-digital converter, for conversion of a signal for digitization into a digital signal, contains a number of comparators, each of which has a first and second input and an output. The digitized signal is provided at said output. Each comparator is further provided with an impedance network, coupled to at least one input of the comparator, whereby an impedance network is wired between the corresponding comparator and the signal for digitization and between the corresponding comparator and a first electrical reference potential. The impedance networks are arranged such that the comparators are essentially brought to the same working point in the region of the specific decision threshold thereof.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种模拟 - 数字转换器。 用于将用于数字化的信号转换为数字信号的模拟 - 数字转换器包含多个比较器，每个比较器具有第一和第二输入和输出。 在所述输出处提供数字化信号。 每个比较器进一步具有耦合到比较器的至少一个输入的阻抗网络，由此阻抗网络被布线在对应的比较器和用于数字化的信号之间以及相应的比较器和第一电参考电位之间。 阻抗网络布置成使得比较器在其特定判定阈值的区域中基本上被带到相同的工作点。

公开(公告)号：US07005360B2

公开(公告)日：2006-02-28

申请号：US10381406

申请日：2001-10-04

申请人： Christl Lauterbach ,  Christian Paulus

发明人： Christl Lauterbach ,  Christian Paulus

IPC分类号： H01L21/20 ,  H01L21/4763

CPC分类号： H01L28/10 ,  H01L27/08

摘要： A method for fabricating a microelectronic circuit having an improved electrically conductive element. The method includes providing a finished processed microelectronic circuit having a monolithically integrated coil and having a passivation layer situated above at least the monolithically integrated coil. The method further comprises removing at least part of the passivation layer above the monolithically integrated coil and applying a metal layer above the monolithically integrated coil so that the metal layer is electrically coupled to the monolithically integrated coil.

摘要翻译： 一种制造具有改进的导电元件的微电子电路的方法。 该方法包括提供具有单片集成线圈并具有位于至少单片集成线圈之上的钝化层的成品处理的微电子电路。 该方法还包括去除单片集成线圈之上的钝化层的至少一部分，并且在单片集成线圈上方施加金属层，使得金属层电耦合到单片集成线圈。

公开(公告)号：US06639456B2

公开(公告)日：2003-10-28

申请号：US10288386

申请日：2002-11-05

申请人： Christian Paulus

发明人： Christian Paulus

IPC分类号： G05F110

CPC分类号： H03F3/45183 ,  H03F3/265 ,  H03F2203/45344

摘要： A current mirror and method for operating such a mirror include nonlinearly converting an input current (Iin+=I0 and, respectively, Iin−=I0) into a voltage in a current sink, the voltage being used for driving a current source (Iout+=−n·I0 and, respectively, Iout−=n·I0) with substantially the same transfer characteristic. According to the invention, the current mirror is configured to contain a further voltage-controlled current source that supplies an auxiliary current a·Iout=−a·n·I0.

摘要翻译： 用于操作这种反射镜的电流镜和方法包括将输入电流（Iin + = I0和分别为Iin≤I0）非线性转换成电流吸收器中的电压，该电压用于驱动电流 源（Iout <+> = - n.I0，分别为Iout < - > = n.I0），具有基本上相同的传输特性。 根据本发明，电流镜被配置为包含供给辅助电流a.Iout = -a.n.I0的另外的电压控制电流源。

公开(公告)号：US08702921B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-22

申请号：US11019948

申请日：2004-12-21

申请人： Alexander Frey ,  Franz Hofmann ,  Birgit Holzapfl ,  Christian Paulus ,  Meinrad Schienle ,  Roland Thewes

发明人： Alexander Frey ,  Franz Hofmann ,  Birgit Holzapfl ,  Christian Paulus ,  Meinrad Schienle ,  Roland Thewes

IPC分类号： G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/3276

摘要： A biosensor array having a substrate, a plurality of biosensor zones arranged on the substrate, each of which has a first terminal and a second terminal, at least one drive line and at least one detection line, the at least one drive line being electrically insulated from the at least one detection line. In each case the first terminal of each biosensor zone is coupled to precisely one of the at least one drive line and the second terminal of each biosensor zone is coupled to precisely one of the at least one detection line, and at least one of the at least one drive line and at least one of the at least one detection line is coupled to at least two of the biosensor zones. The biosensor array also has a drive unit for providing an electrical drive signal, a detection unit for detecting an electrical detection signal resulting from the electrical drive signal, and a selection unit that couples the drive unit to the drive line of a biosensor zone to be selected and the detection unit to the detection line of the biosensor zone to be selected, whereby the biosensor zone is selected.

摘要翻译： 一种具有衬底的生物传感器阵列，布置在所述衬底上的多个生物传感器区域，每个生物传感器区域具有第一端子和第二端子，至少一条驱动线路和至少一条检测线路，所述至少一条驱动线路电绝缘 从所述至少一个检测线。 在每种情况下，每个生物传感器区域的第一端子被精确地耦合到至少一条驱动线路中的一条，并且每个生物传感器区域的第二端口精确地耦合到至少一条检测线路中的至少一条， 至少一个驱动线和所述至少一个检测线中的至少一个耦合到所述生物传感器区域中的至少两个。 生物传感器阵列还具有用于提供电驱动信号的驱动单元，用于检测由电驱动信号产生的电检测信号的检测单元，以及将驱动单元与生物传感器区域的驱动线连接的选择单元， 将选择的检测单元和生物传感器区域的检测线进行选择，从而选择生物传感器区域。

公开(公告)号：US07670557B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-02

申请号：US11631380

申请日：2005-06-30

申请人： Alexander Frey ,  Christian Paulus ,  Meinrad Schienle ,  Roland Thewes

发明人： Alexander Frey ,  Christian Paulus ,  Meinrad Schienle ,  Roland Thewes

IPC分类号： G01N31/00

CPC分类号： G01N33/5438 ,  G01N27/02 ,  G01N27/3276

摘要： A planar-sensor arrangement is disclosed, which is used to detect particles possibly contained in an analyte. The sensor element includes a substrate, a first planar-sensor electrode and a second planar-sensor electrode which are formed on and/or in the substrate and whereon catcher molecules can be immobilized. The first sensor-electrode and the second sensor-electrode are divided, respectively, into a plurality of planar sensor-electrode partial areas. The sensor electrode partial areas of the first sensor electrode and the sensor electrode partial areas of the second sensor electrode are arranged in an alternating manner in two dimensions on the surface plane of the substrate. The sensor element also includes a wiring structure by which at least one part of the sensor electrode partial areas of the first sensor electrode are electrically coupled together, and by which at least one part of the sensor-electrode partial areas of the second sensor electrode are electrically coupled together.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种平面传感器装置，其用于检测可能包含在分析物中的颗粒。 传感器元件包括衬底，第一平面传感器电极和第二平面传感器电极，其形成在衬底上和/或衬底中，并且捕获剂分子可以被固定。 第一传感器电极和第二传感器电极分别分成多个平面传感器电极部分区域。 第一传感器电极的传感器电极部分区域和第二传感器电极的传感器电极部分区域在基板的表面上以二维交替排列。 传感器元件还包括布线结构，通过该布线结构，传感器电极的至少一部分第一传感器电极的部分区域电耦合在一起，并且第二传感器电极的传感器电极部分区域的至少一部分 电耦合在一起。

公开(公告)号：US07662341B2

公开(公告)日：2010-02-16

申请号：US10530882

申请日：2003-10-14

申请人： Björn-Oliver Eversmann ,  Christian Paulus ,  Roland Thewes

发明人： Björn-Oliver Eversmann ,  Christian Paulus ,  Roland Thewes

IPC分类号： G01N33/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/4145 ,  G01N33/48728

摘要： A sensor arrangement and method of operating the sensor arrangement are described. The sensor arrangement has sensor devices formed on or in a substrate and a calibration device for calibrating a respective sensor device. Each sensor device has an electrical signal converter which is a field-effect transistor (FET) having a gate terminal coupled to a sensor element that is coupled to the signal converter, a device that keeps constant the electrical voltage between source and drain terminals of the FET, and a device for detecting the value of the electric current flowing through the signal converter. The sensor element characteristically influences the electrical conductivity of the signal converter on account of a sensor event on the sensor element. The calibration device brings the gate region of the FET to an electrical calibration potential such that the electric current is independent of parameter fluctuations of the FET.

摘要翻译： 描述了传感器装置和操作传感器装置的方法。 传感器装置具有形成在基板上或基板中的传感器装置和用于校准相应传感器装置的校准装置。 每个传感器装置具有电信号转换器，该电信号转换器是具有耦合到耦合到信号转换器的传感器元件的栅极端子的场效应晶体管（FET），保持恒定的源极和漏极端子之间的电压的装置 FET和用于检测流过信号转换器的电流值的装置。 传感器元件由于传感器元件上的传感器事件而特征地影响信号转换器的电导率。 校准装置使FET的栅极区域达到电校准电位，使得电流与FET的参数波动无关。

公开(公告)号：US20060258931A1

公开(公告)日：2006-11-16

申请号：US10528504

申请日：2003-09-19

申请人： Christian Paulus

发明人： Christian Paulus

IPC分类号： A61B5/04 ,  G01N33/487

CPC分类号： G01N33/5438 ,  G01N27/3277

摘要： The invention relates to a switching circuit arrangement and a method for producing a switching circuit arrangement. Said switching circuit arrangement contains a substrate comprising an integrated switching circuit, in addition to an integrated reference electrode which is formed on the substrate and has a metal core that is at least partially surrounded by an envelope consisting of a poorly soluble salt of the metal. The integrated switching circuit is electrically coupled to the core.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及开关电路装置及其制造方法。 所述开关电路装置包括除了集成的参考电极之外还包括集成的开关电路的基板，所述集成的参考电极形成在所述基板上并且具有至少部分地被由所述金属的难溶性盐构成的外壳包围的金属芯。 集成开关电路电耦合到芯。