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    Computer system and method for modeling fluid depletion
    1.
    发明申请
    Computer system and method for modeling fluid depletion 有权
    用于建模流体耗尽的计算机系统和方法

    公开(公告)号：US20060142982A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-06-29

    申请号：US10013743

    申请日：2001-11-13

    申请人： Daniel Horowitz ,  Gregory Stevens ,  Donald Swanson ,  Jeffrey Swanson

    发明人： Daniel Horowitz ,  Gregory Stevens ,  Donald Swanson ,  Jeffrey Swanson

    IPC分类号： G06G7/48

    CPC分类号： E21B49/00

    摘要： A method for modeling fluid depletion in a reservoir is disclosed. A map is divided into cells. For each of the cells a value is stored that is based at least in part on a physical characteristic of the cell. At least one cell that contains a depletion location is identified along with a depletion amount corresponding to that location. An amount of walkers associated with the depletion location is determined. For each walker, a plurality of steps are calculated with each step to an adjacent cell. Each walker starts in the cell containing the depletion location associated with that walker. The visits of all the walkers are recorded by cell. The fluid depletion of each cell is then assessed based at least in part on the number of walker visits for each cell.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于建模储层中的流体耗尽的方法。 地图分为单元格。 对于每个单元，存储至少部分地基于单元的物理特性的值。 识别包含耗尽位置的至少一个单元以及对应于该位置的耗尽量。 确定与耗尽位置相关联的一些步行者。 对于每个步行者，对每个步骤计算多个步骤到相邻小区。 每个步行者在包含与该步行者相关联的耗尽位置的单元格中开始。 所有步行者的访问都由单元记录。 然后至少部分地基于每个小区的步行者访问次数评估每个小区的流体耗尽。

    Methods and apparatus for the production of amorphous polymer suspensions
    2.
    发明授权
    Methods and apparatus for the production of amorphous polymer suspensions 失效
    用于生产无定形聚合物悬浮液的方法和设备

    公开(公告)号：US06323276B2

    公开(公告)日：2001-11-27

    申请号：US09843556

    申请日：2001-04-26

    申请人： Daniel Horowitz ,  Tillman U. Gerngross

    发明人： Daniel Horowitz ,  Tillman U. Gerngross

    IPC分类号： C08F216

    CPC分类号： C08J3/03 ,  C08G63/06 ,  C08G63/88 ,  C08J2367/04

    摘要： Methods and apparati have been developed for producing a suspension of predominately amorphous polymer particles, wherein the method includes thermally treating a suspension that includes crystalline or semi-crystalline polymer particles. The thermal treatment includes (a) heating a suspension of polymer particles of an appropriate size to a temperature effective to cause the polymer to become amorphous, and then (b) cooling the suspension of amorphous polymer particles below the melting point of the polymer at a rate effective to prevent substantial coalescence of the polymer particles. The method and apparati are effective for use with a variety of polymers having suitable crystallization parameters, although polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers are preferred, particularly in an aqueous suspension medium. For PHA polymers, the polymer particles subjected to treatment preferably are of a size of less than 5 &mgr;m, or more preferably less than 1.5 &mgr;m in diameter.

    摘要翻译： 已经开发了用于制备主要无定形聚合物颗粒的悬浮液的方法和装置，其中该方法包括热处理包括结晶或半结晶聚合物颗粒的悬浮液。 热处理包括（a）将适当尺寸的聚合物颗粒的悬浮液加热至有效引起聚合物变为无定形的温度，然后（b）将无定形聚合物颗粒的悬浮液冷却至低于聚合物熔点的悬浮液 速率有效地防止聚合物颗粒的大量聚结。 尽管聚羟基链烷酸酯（PHA）聚合物是优选的，但是特别是在水性悬浮介质中，该方法和装置可用于具有合适结晶参数的多种聚合物。 对于PHA聚合物，经受处理的聚合物颗粒的直径优选小于5μm，或更优选小于1.5μm。

    Methods for purifying polyhydroxy alkanoates
    3.
    发明授权
    Methods for purifying polyhydroxy alkanoates 有权
    多羟基链烷酸酯的纯化方法

    公开(公告)号：US06340580B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-01-22

    申请号：US09570261

    申请日：2000-05-12

    申请人： Daniel Horowitz

    发明人： Daniel Horowitz

    IPC分类号： C12P742

    CPC分类号： C08G63/90 ,  C08G63/06 ,  C08G63/89 ,  C12P7/625

    摘要： A method is provided for isolating and purifying PHA from microbial or plant biomass that contains PHA. The method includes the step of extracting PHA from the biomass using at least one solvent while simultaneously subjecting the biomass to a filtration process to remove cells. In a preferred embodiment of the method, an aqueous slurry of the biomass is directly extracted by diafiltration using an organic solvent. In a preferred diafiltration process, an aqueous slurry of microbial cells comprising PHA is recirculated through a filtration membrane, wherein the membrane has a pore size sufficiently small to reject individual cells or such aggregates of cells as may exist in the slurry. As liquid is progressively removed from the biomass slurry (by flowing out from the filtration membrane), an organic solvent, preferably a water-miscible solvent that also is a solvent for the PHA, is added to the biomass slurry at a rate which approximates the rate of liquid permeation through the filter, thereby maintaining the volume of the biomass slurry. Impurities which are insoluble in water become dissolved in the solvent-water mixture and pass through the filter membrane, and when the organic solvent concentration reaches a certain level, the PHA becomes soluble and flows through the filtration membrane and can be desolventized to recover the polymer.

    摘要翻译： 提供了一种从含有PHA的微生物或植物生物量中分离和纯化PHA的方法。 该方法包括使用至少一种溶剂从生物质中提取PHA的步骤，同时使生物质经过过滤以除去细胞。 在该方法的优选实施方案中，通过使用有机溶剂的渗滤直接提取生物质的含水浆料。 在优选的渗滤方法中，包含PHA的微生物细胞的含水浆液通过过滤膜再循环，其中膜具有足够小的孔径以排除浆液中可能存在的单个细胞或细胞聚集体。 随着液体逐渐从生物质浆料中除去（从过滤膜流出），向生物质浆料中加入有机溶剂，优选与PHA的溶剂相溶的水混溶性溶剂，其速率接近于 通过过滤器的液体渗透速率，从而保持生物质浆料的体积。 不溶于水的杂质溶解在溶剂 - 水混合物中并通过过滤膜，当有机溶剂浓度达到一定水平时，PHA变得可溶，流过过滤膜，可以脱溶剂回收聚合物 。

    Polyhydroxyalkanoates for In Vivo Applications
    5.
    发明申请
    Polyhydroxyalkanoates for In Vivo Applications 有权
    聚羟基链烷酸酯用于体内应用

    公开(公告)号：US20070280899A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-12-06

    申请号：US11748723

    申请日：2007-05-15

    申请人： Simon Williams ,  David Martin ,  Tillman Gerngross ,  Daniel Horowitz

    发明人： Simon Williams ,  David Martin ,  Tillman Gerngross ,  Daniel Horowitz

    IPC分类号： A61K31/765

    CPC分类号： C12P7/625 ,  A61B17/06166 ,  A61B42/00 ,  A61K47/593 ,  A61K47/6957 ,  A61L15/26 ,  A61L17/10 ,  A61L27/18 ,  A61L27/34 ,  A61L29/06 ,  A61L31/06 ,  C08G63/06 ,  C08G63/6852 ,  C08G63/6882 ,  C08G63/912 ,  C12N5/0068 ,  C12N2533/30 ,  Y10S977/775 ,  Y10T428/139 ,  C08L67/04

    摘要： Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) from which pyrogen has been removed are provided for use in numerous biomedical applications. PHAs which have been chemically modified to enhance physical and/or chemical properties, for targeting or to modify biodegradability or clearance by the reticuloendothelial system (RES), are described. Methods for depyrogenating PHA polymers prepared by bacterial fermentation processes are also provided, wherein pyrogens are removed from the polymers without adversely impacting the polymers' inherent chemical structures and physical properties. PHAs with advantageous processing characteristics, including low melting points and/or solubility in non-toxic solvents, are also described. PHAs are provided which are suitable for use in vivo applications such as in tissue coatings, stents, sutures, tubing, bone and other prostheses, bone or tissue cements, tissue regeneration devices, wound dressings, drug delivery, and for diagnostic and prophylactic uses. Properties which are selected for include degradability, elasticity, inclusion of functional groups or derivatized groups, which can in turn be used to attach targeting agents, and bioadhesion.

    摘要翻译： 已经除去热原的聚羟基链烷酸酯（PHA）被提供用于许多生物医学应用。 已经化学改性以增强物理和/或化学性质的PHA用于通过网状内皮系统（RES）靶向或修饰生物降解性或清除的PHA。 还提供了通过细菌发酵方法制备的去氢原位PHA聚合物的方法，其中热原从聚合物中除去而不会不利地影响聚合物固有的化学结构和物理性质。 还描述了具有有利处理特性的PHA，包括低熔点和/或在无毒溶剂中的溶解度。 提供适用于体内应用的PHA，例如在组织包衣，支架，缝线，管，骨和其他假体，骨或组织水泥，组织再生装置，伤口敷料，药物递送以及诊断和预防用途中。 选择的性质包括降解性，弹性，包含官能团或衍生基团，其又可用于附着靶向剂，以及生物粘附。

    Methods and apparatus for the production of amorphous polymer suspensions
    6.
    发明授权
    Methods and apparatus for the production of amorphous polymer suspensions 有权

    公开(公告)号：US06228934B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-05-08

    申请号：US09328783

    申请日：1999-06-09

    申请人： Daniel Horowitz ,  Tillman U. Gerngross

    发明人： Daniel Horowitz ,  Tillman U. Gerngross

    IPC分类号： C08F216

    CPC分类号： C08J3/03 ,  C08G63/06 ,  C08G63/88 ,  C08J2367/04

    摘要： Methods and apparati have been developed for producing a suspension of predominately amorphous polymer particles, wherein the method includes thermally treating a suspension that includes crystalline or semi-crystalline polymer particles. The thermal treatment includes (a) heating a suspension of polymer particles of an appropriate size to a temperature effective to cause the polymer to become amorphous, and then (b) cooling the suspension of amorphous polymer particles below the melting point of the polymer at a rate effective to prevent substantial coalescence of the polymer particles. The method and apparati are effective for use with a variety of polymers having suitable crystallization parameters, although polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers are preferred, particularly in an aqueous suspension medium. For PHA polymers, the polymer particles subjected to treatment preferably are of a size of less than 5 &mgr;m, or more preferably less than 1.5 &mgr;m in diameter.

    Shader network
    8.
    发明授权
    Shader network 有权
    着色器网络

    公开(公告)号：US08743116B1

    公开(公告)日：2014-06-03

    申请号：US11361546

    申请日：2006-02-24

    申请人： Daniel Horowitz ,  David Floyd Aronson ,  Jonathan Thomas Steed ,  Paul Lawrence Bleisch

    发明人： Daniel Horowitz ,  David Floyd Aronson ,  Jonathan Thomas Steed ,  Paul Lawrence Bleisch

    IPC分类号： G06T15/50 ,  G06T15/60 ,  G09G5/00

    CPC分类号： G06T15/005

    摘要： A system and methods for providing shading effects include a shading network possessing the ability to create, maintain, and incrementally evolve shading techniques and effects. The shader network provides the ability to encapsulate CPU and GPU code into a self-contained node that can be transported between renderers. As a result, authors can develop reusable shading techniques that can express the wide range of effects available via utilization of CPU and GPU code. The shader network also provides the capability to compose multiple nodes into a reusable “macro” node that affords authors the ability to build derivative shading effects without the need to modify an application's renderer or constituent nodes.

    摘要翻译： 用于提供阴影效果的系统和方法包括具有创建，维护和逐渐演进着色技术和效果的能力的着色网络。 着色器网络提供将CPU和GPU代码封装到可以在渲染器之间传输的自包含节点的能力。 因此，作者可以开发可重复使用的着色技术，通过使用CPU和GPU代码可以表现出广泛的效果。 着色器网络还提供将多个节点组合成可重用的“宏”节点的能力，从而使作者能够构建衍生阴影效果，而无需修改应用程序的渲染器或组成节点。

    Standard graphics specification and data binding
    9.
    发明申请
    Standard graphics specification and data binding 有权
    标准图形规范和数据绑定

    公开(公告)号：US20060271842A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-11-30

    申请号：US11139935

    申请日：2005-05-27

    申请人： David Aronson ,  Paul Bleisch ,  Daniel Horowitz ,  Jonathan Steed

    发明人： David Aronson ,  Paul Bleisch ,  Daniel Horowitz ,  Jonathan Steed

    IPC分类号： G09G5/39

    CPC分类号： G06T15/00 ,  G06T2210/32

    摘要： A standard graphics specification for use by both developers of graphics files as well as of applications developed to execute in a runtime environment is disclosed. The graphics files are developed to conform to the graphics specification and therefore will be executable by applications in any runtime environment that likewise conform to the graphics specification. The specification includes program syntax standards and standards for metadata in the form of semantics and annotations that further describe the code. The specification additionally includes standards to which applications may conform to ensure that the applications will be capable of executing any graphics files that conform to the graphics specification.

    摘要翻译： 公开了用于图形文件的开发者以及开发用于在运行时环境中执行的应用的标准图形规范。 图形文件被开发以符合图形规范，因此可以由符合图形规范的任何运行时环境中的应用程序执行。 该规范包括用于进一步描述代码的语义和注释形式的元数据的程序语法标准和标准。 该规范还包括应用程序可能符合的标准，以确保应用程序能够执行符合图形规范的任何图形文件。

    Methods and apparatus for the production of amorphous polymer suspensions
    10.
    发明授权
    Methods and apparatus for the production of amorphous polymer suspensions 失效
    用于生产无定形聚合物悬浮液的方法和设备

    公开(公告)号：US06605262B2

    公开(公告)日：2003-08-12

    申请号：US09843586

    申请日：2001-04-26

    申请人： Daniel Horowitz ,  Tillman U. Gerngross

    发明人： Daniel Horowitz ,  Tillman U. Gerngross

    IPC分类号： B01D1102

    CPC分类号： C08J3/03 ,  C08G63/06 ,  C08G63/88 ,  C08J2367/04

    摘要： Methods and apparati have been developed for producing a suspension of predominately amorphous polymer particles, wherein the method includes thermally treating a suspension that includes crystalline or semi-crystalline polymer particles. The thermal treatment includes (a) heating a suspension of polymer particles of an appropriate size to a temperature effective to cause the polymer to become amorphous, and then (b) cooling the suspension of amorphous polymer particles below the melting point of the polymer at a rate effective to prevent substantial coalescence of the polymer particles. The method and apparati are effective for use with a variety of polymers having suitable crystallization parameters, although polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) polymers are preferred, particularly in an aqueous suspension medium. For PHA polymers, the polymer particles subjected to treatment preferably are of a size of less than 5 &mgr;m, or more preferably less than 1.5 &mgr;m in diameter.

    摘要翻译： 已经开发了用于制备主要无定形聚合物颗粒的悬浮液的方法和装置，其中该方法包括热处理包括结晶或半结晶聚合物颗粒的悬浮液。 热处理包括（a）将适当尺寸的聚合物颗粒的悬浮液加热至有效引起聚合物变为无定形的温度，然后（b）将无定形聚合物颗粒的悬浮液冷却至低于聚合物熔点的悬浮液 速率有效地防止聚合物颗粒的大量聚结。 尽管聚羟基链烷酸酯（PHA）聚合物是优选的，但是特别是在水性悬浮介质中，该方法和装置可用于具有合适结晶参数的多种聚合物。 对于PHA聚合物，经受处理的聚合物颗粒的直径优选小于5μm，或更优选小于1.5μm。