公开(公告)号：US20050280026A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-22

申请号：US10869814

申请日：2004-06-16

申请人： David Isaacson ,  Eugene Fitzgerald

发明人： David Isaacson ,  Eugene Fitzgerald

IPC分类号： H01L21/18 ,  H01L21/3205 ,  H01L31/0328

CPC分类号： H01L21/187

摘要： A semiconductor-based structure includes first and second layers bonded directly to each other at an interface. Parallel to the interface, the lattice spacing of the second layer is different than the lattice spacing of the first layer. The first and second layers are each formed of essentially the same semiconductor. A method for making a semiconductor-based structure includes providing first and second layers that are formed of essentially the same semiconductor. The first and second layers have, respectively, first and second surfaces. The second layer has a different lattice spacing parallel to the second surface than the lattice spacing of the first layer parallel to the first surface. The method includes contacting the first and second surfaces, and annealing to promote direct atomic bonding between the first and second layers.

摘要翻译： 基于半导体的结构包括在界面处彼此直接结合的第一和第二层。 平行于界面，第二层的晶格间距不同于第一层的晶格间距。 第一层和第二层各自由基本上相同的半导体形成。 制造基于半导体的结构的方法包括提供由基本相同的半导体形成的第一和第二层。 第一和第二层分别具有第一和第二表面。 第二层具有与第一层平行于第一表面的晶格间隔平行于第二表面的不同晶格间距。 该方法包括使第一和第二表面接触，退火以促进第一和第二层之间的直接原子结合。

公开(公告)号：US20060113542A1

公开(公告)日：2006-06-01

申请号：US10999486

申请日：2004-11-30

申请人： David Isaacson ,  Eugene Fitzgerald

发明人： David Isaacson ,  Eugene Fitzgerald

IPC分类号： H01L29/12 ,  H01L21/20

CPC分类号： H01L21/02439 ,  H01L21/0237 ,  H01L21/02433 ,  H01L21/0245 ,  H01L21/02502 ,  H01L21/0251 ,  H01L21/02521 ,  Y10S438/933 ,  Y10S438/938

摘要： A structure and method of forming same, comprising a low threading density alloy graded layer, deposited according to a deposition temperature profile in correspondence with increasing alloy composition. In one embodiment, a first substantially relaxed alloy graded layer is deposited while varying a deposition temperature according to a first temperature profile. A second substantially relaxed alloy graded layer is deposited over the first graded layer while varying a deposition temperature according to a second temperature profile. Preferably, the minimum signed rate of change of the second temperature profile is less than the maximum signed rate of change of the first temperature profile.

摘要翻译： 根据增加的合金成分，根据沉积温度分布沉积低密度合金渐变层的结构和方法。 在一个实施例中，在根据第一温度曲线改变沉积温度的同时沉积第一基本上松弛的合金梯度层。 第二基本上松弛的合金梯度层沉积在第一梯度层上，同时根据第二温度曲线改变沉积温度。 优选地，第二温度分布的最小有效变化率小于第一温度分布的最大有效变化率。

公开(公告)号：US20050280081A1

公开(公告)日：2005-12-22

申请号：US10956485

申请日：2004-10-01

申请人： David Isaacson ,  Gianni Taraschi ,  Eugene Fitzgerald

发明人： David Isaacson ,  Gianni Taraschi ,  Eugene Fitzgerald

IPC分类号： H01L21/3205 ,  H01L21/8238 ,  H01L29/06 ,  H01L29/10 ,  H01L29/49 ,  H01L31/0336

CPC分类号： H01L29/1054 ,  C30B25/18 ,  H01L21/187 ,  H01L21/823807 ,  H01L29/4916 ,  H01L29/4925 ,  H01L29/495 ,  H01L29/4966 ,  H01L29/78

摘要： A semiconductor-based structure includes first, second, and intermediate layers, with the intermediate layer bonded directly to the first layer, and in contact with the second layer. Parallel to the bonded interface, the lattice spacing of the second layer is different than the lattice spacing of the first layer, though first and second layers are each formed of essentially the same semiconductor. A method for making a semiconductor-based structure includes directly bonding a first layer to an intermediate layer, and providing a second layer in contact with the intermediate layer.

摘要翻译： 基于半导体的结构包括第一，第二和中间层，中间层直接结合到第一层，并与第二层接触。 平行于键合界面，第二层的晶格间距与第一层的晶格间隔不同，尽管第一和第二层各自由基本上相同的半导体形成。 制造基于半导体的结构的方法包括将第一层直接结合到中间层，以及提供与中间层接触的第二层。

公开(公告)号：US5588429A

公开(公告)日：1996-12-31

申请号：US317678

申请日：1994-10-05

申请人： David Isaacson ,  Margaret Cheney

发明人： David Isaacson ,  Margaret Cheney

IPC分类号： A61B5/053 ,  G01R27/26 ,  G06F19/00 ,  A61B5/05

CPC分类号： G01R27/26 ,  A61B5/0536

摘要： In electrical impedance tomography systems, the precision of voltage measurement is a critical factor in the results. Usually, the voltage values to be measured are limited by the necessity of limiting currents through the body to safe values. An effective method for increasing the apparent precision of the voltmeters is to use non-sinusoidal current patterns that produce the largest voltage variations in regions of most importance. This invention discloses several improvements in the methods by which the images resulting from any system of hardware that permits simultaneous injection of currents to all electrodes and voltage measurements at all electrodes, may be improved. One such improvement is a technique to find the shapes of the best current patterns to distinguish two different distributions of admittivity, conductivity, and permittivity in the region surrounded by electrodes. Another is a more complex procedure for finding the best shapes of the current patterns to best characterize an unknown pattern of admittivity, conductivity, or permittivity. Yet another is a procedure for calculating the values of voltages that would have been measured had sinusoidal sets of current been used, when actually using non-sinusoidal current patterns. This permits any standard reconstruction algorithm based on sinusoidal currents to be used with non-sinusoidal currents.

摘要翻译： 在电阻抗层析成像系统中，电压测量的精度是结果的关键因素。 通常，要测量的电压值受限于通过机体将电流限制到安全值的必要性。 提高电压表的精确度的有效方法是使用非正弦电流模式，在最重要的区域产生最大的电压变化。 本发明公开了一些改进方法，通过该方法可以改善任何允许同时向所有电极注入电流的硬件系统和所有电极的电压测量所产生的图像。 一种这样的改进是找到最佳电流模式的形状的技术，以区分由电极围绕的区域中的两个不同的导纳率，导电率和介电常数的分布。 另一个是更复杂的程序，用于找到当前图案的最佳形状，以最佳地表征未知的导入性，导电性或介电常数。 另一个是当实际使用非正弦电流模式时计算已经使用正弦组电流的电压值的过程。 这允许基于正弦电流的任何标准重建算法与非正弦电流一起使用。

公开(公告)号：US5284142A

公开(公告)日：1994-02-08

申请号：US808795

申请日：1991-12-16

申请人： John C. Goble ,  David Isaacson ,  Margaret Cheney

发明人： John C. Goble ,  David Isaacson ,  Margaret Cheney

IPC分类号： A61B5/053 ,  G01R27/26 ,  G06F19/00 ,  A61B5/05

CPC分类号： G01R27/26 ,  A61B5/0536 ,  G06F19/3437

摘要： A method of practicing electrical impedance tomography produces three-dimensional images of a body. First, one applies certain special current patterns to the body through an array of electrodes attached to the surface. For each current pattern, one measures the voltage at each electrode, thus obtaining a corresponding pattern of voltages. These data are then used in a certain special reconstruction process, which enables a full three-dimensional reconstruction to be done in a short time. The result is a display of an approximation to the electric conductivity and/or electric permittivity in the interior of the body.

摘要翻译： 实施电阻抗层析成像的方法产生身体的三维图像。 首先，通过附着在表面上的电极阵列，将一些特殊的电流图案应用于身体。 对于每个电流模式，一个测量每个电极处的电压，从而获得相应的电压模式。 然后将这些数据用于特定的重建过程，这使得能够在短时间内进行完整的三维重建。 结果是对身体内部的电导率和/或电介质的近似显示。

公开(公告)号：US4920490A

公开(公告)日：1990-04-24

申请号：US149407

申请日：1988-01-28

申请人： David Isaacson

发明人： David Isaacson

IPC分类号： A61B5/053

CPC分类号： A61B5/0536

摘要： A method and apparatus for an electric current computed tomography system having an array of electrodes determines the best pattern of currents to apply to the electrodes based on the precision of the system for distinguishing between a known conductivity in a body and an unknown conductivity. An arbitrary current pattern is first applied to the array, which is at the surface of the body. Measurements are then taken for the resulting voltage pattern of the unknown conductivity. Calculations are then made to determine the calculated voltage pattern for the selected conductivity. The absolute value of the difference between the calculated and measured voltage patterns are then taken and, from this, a new current pattern is calculated. If the difference between the new current pattern and the arbitrary current pattern is less than the precision of the system, the arbitrary current pattern is applied to the electrodes. More likely, however, the difference will be greater than the precision. In this case, the new current pattern is applied to the electrodes and the measurements and calculations are repeated to generate a still further new current pattern. The difference between the previous and the new current pattern is then taken and again compared to the precision of the system. By repeating this process, the best current pattern is eventually reached.

摘要翻译： 具有电极阵列的电流计算机断层摄影系统的方法和装置基于用于区分身体中的已知电导率和未知电导率的系统的精度来确定施加到电极的最佳电流模式。 首先将任意的电流模式应用于位于身体表面的阵列。 然后测量未知导电率的所得电压模式。 然后进行计算以确定所选导电率的计算电压模式。 然后计算和测量的电压模式之间的差值的绝对值，并从中计算新的电流模式。 如果新的电流模式和任意电流模式之间的差小于系统的精度，则将任意电流模式应用于电极。 然而，更可能的是，差异将大于精度。 在这种情况下，将新的电流模式应用于电极，并且重复测量和计算以产生更进一步的新的电流模式。 然后采用先前和新的当前模式之间的差异，并再次与系统的精度进行比较。 通过重复此过程，最终达到最佳的当前模式。

公开(公告)号：US20050251062A1

公开(公告)日：2005-11-10

申请号：US11124246

申请日：2005-05-06

申请人： Myoung Choi ,  David Isaacson ,  Jonathan Newell

发明人： Myoung Choi ,  David Isaacson ,  Jonathan Newell

IPC分类号： A61B5/05 ,  A61B5/053

CPC分类号： A61B5/0536

摘要： Voltage sources produce desired current patterns in an ACT-type Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) system. An iterative adaptive algorithm generates the necessary voltage pattern that will result in the desired current pattern. The convergence of the algorithm is shown under the condition that the estimation error of the linear mapping from voltage to current is small. The simulation results are presented along with the implication of the convergence condition.

摘要翻译： 电压源在ACT型电阻抗层析成像（EIT）系统中产生所需的电流模式。 迭代自适应算法产生将导致所需电流模式的必要电压模式。 在从电压到电流的线性映射的估计误差小的条件下示出了算法的收敛。 仿真结果与收敛条件的含义一起呈现。

公开(公告)号：US5544662A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-13

申请号：US132457

申请日：1993-10-06

申请人： Gary J. Saulnier ,  David G. Gisser ,  Jonathan C. Newell ,  Raymond D. Cook ,  John C. Goble ,  David Isaacson

发明人： Gary J. Saulnier ,  David G. Gisser ,  Jonathan C. Newell ,  Raymond D. Cook ,  John C. Goble ,  David Isaacson

IPC分类号： A61B5/053 ,  G01R27/26 ,  G06F19/00 ,  A61B5/05

CPC分类号： G01R27/26 ,  A61B5/0536 ,  G06F19/3406 ,  G06F19/3412

摘要： An apparatus for electrical impedance imaging of a body includes an array of multiple electrodes. Each is connected to an adjustable amplitude precision current source of fixed frequency and an oversampling type digital voltmeter. The current amplitudes are set to produce a series of spatial current patterns, all orthogonal to each other, and each applied for only a short time interval while voltages are measured. The voltage and current values are used to create real and reactive impedance images of the interior of the body.

摘要翻译： 用于身体的电阻抗成像的装置包括多个电极阵列。 每个都连接到可调幅度精确的固定频率电流源和过采样型数字电压表。 当前幅度被设置为产生一系列彼此正交的空间电流模式，并且每一个都被施加在短时间间隔内，同时测量电压。 电压和电流值用于产生身体内部的实际和无功阻抗图像。

公开(公告)号：US5272624A

公开(公告)日：1993-12-21

申请号：US591615

申请日：1990-10-02

申请人： David G. Gisser ,  Jonathan C. Newell ,  David Isaacson ,  John C. Goble

发明人： David G. Gisser ,  Jonathan C. Newell ,  David Isaacson ,  John C. Goble

IPC分类号： A61B5/053 ,  G06F15/42

CPC分类号： A61B5/0536

摘要： In an electrical impedance imaging system that is capable of forming images based on internal resistivity of a body, an array of electrodes is applied to the surface of the body and energized by a plurality of current generators. Each current generator is controlled to produce current patterns containing single fixed magnitudes. The current generators are also controlled to apply current to the respective electrode only when the current generator is at peak current value to minimize transient conditions and maximize the rate at which images can be produced.

摘要翻译： 在能够基于身体的内部电阻率形成图像的电阻抗成像系统中，电极阵列被施加到身体的表面并被多个电流发生器激励。 每个电流发生器被控制以产生包含单个固定幅度的电流模式。 仅当电流发生器处于峰值电流值时，电流发生器也被控制为仅向相应的电极施加电流，以最小化瞬态条件并使图像的产生速率最大化。

公开(公告)号：US20070116224A1

公开(公告)日：2007-05-24

申请号：US11262118

申请日：2005-10-28

申请人： Paul Burke ,  Gregory Evans ,  David Isaacson ,  Sandra Shillinger ,  Gerald Winsor

发明人： Paul Burke ,  Gregory Evans ,  David Isaacson ,  Sandra Shillinger ,  Gerald Winsor

IPC分类号： H04M3/42 ,  H04L12/66

CPC分类号： H04W4/10 ,  H04L29/06027 ,  H04L65/1083 ,  H04L65/1096

摘要： Systems and methods, including computer executable instructions, are provided for telephony service chaining. One method includes invoking a first application in a telephony session. The method includes retrieving a session context associated with the first application and using the session context an input to invoke a second application in the telephony session.

摘要翻译： 提供了用于电话服务链接的系统和方法，包括计算机可执行指令。 一种方法包括在电话会话中调用第一应用。 该方法包括检索与第一应用相关联的会话上下文，并使用会话上下文来调用电话会话中的第二应用。