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公开(公告)号：US08899044B2
公开(公告)日：2014-12-02
申请号：US13069131
申请日：2011-03-22
摘要： Disclosed are a method and apparatus for converting light energy to mechanical energy by modification of surface tension on a supporting fluid. The apparatus comprises an object which may be formed as a composite object comprising a support matrix and a highly light absorptive material. The support matrix may comprise a silicon polymer. The highly light absorptive material may comprise vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (VANTs) embedded in the support matrix. The composite object is supported on a fluid. By exposing the highly light absorptive material to light, heat is generated, which changes the surface tension of the composite object, causing it to move physically within the fluid.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种通过修改支撑流体上的表面张力将光能转换成机械能的方法和装置。 该装置包括可以形成为包括支撑矩阵和高光吸收材料的复合物体的物体。 载体基质可以包含硅聚合物。 高光吸收材料可以包括嵌入支撑基质中的垂直排列的碳纳米管（VANT）。 复合物体支撑在流体上。 通过将高光吸收材料暴露于光，产生热量，这会改变复合物体的表面张力，使其在流体内物理移动。
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公开(公告)号：US08822618B2
公开(公告)日：2014-09-02
申请号：US13393183
申请日：2010-09-02
CPC分类号： B01J13/16 , C09B67/0097 , Y10S977/742 , Y10S977/762 , Y10S977/773 , Y10S977/774
摘要： An embodiment of a microcapsule includes a shell surrounding a space, a liquid within the shell, and a light absorbing material within the liquid. An embodiment of a method of making microcapsules includes forming a mixture of a light absorbing material and an organic solution. An emulsion of the mixture and an aqueous solution is then formed. A polymerization agent is added to the emulsion, which causes microcapsules to be formed. Each microcapsule includes a shell surrounding a space, a liquid within the shell, and light absorbing material within the liquid. An embodiment of a method of using microcapsules includes providing phototriggerable microcapsules within a bulk material. Each of the phototriggerable microcapsules includes a shell surrounding a space, a chemically reactive material within the shell, and a light absorbing material within the shell. At least some of the phototriggerable microcapsules are exposed to light, which causes the chemically reactive material to release from the shell and to come into contact with bulk material.
摘要翻译： 微胶囊的一个实施方案包括围绕空间的壳体，壳体内的液体和液体内的光吸收材料。 制造微胶囊的方法的一个实施方案包括形成光吸收材料和有机溶液的混合物。 然后形成混合物的乳液和水溶液。 向乳液中加入聚合剂，导致形成微胶囊。 每个微胶囊包括围绕空间的壳体，壳体内的液体和液体内的光吸收材料。 使用微胶囊的方法的一个实施方案包括在散装材料内提供可光触发的微胶囊。 每个可光触发的微胶囊包括围绕空间的外壳，壳内的化学反应性材料，以及壳内的光吸收材料。 至少一些可光触发的微胶囊暴露于光，这导致化学反应性材料从壳体释放并与散装材料接触。
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公开(公告)号：US20120253000A1
公开(公告)日：2012-10-04
申请号：US13393183
申请日：2010-09-02
CPC分类号： B01J13/16 , C09B67/0097 , Y10S977/742 , Y10S977/762 , Y10S977/773 , Y10S977/774
摘要： An embodiment of a microcapsule includes a shell surrounding a space, a liquid within the shell, and a light absorbing material within the liquid. An embodiment of a method of making microcapsules includes forming a mixture of a light absorbing material and an organic solution. An emulsion of the mixture and an aqueous solution is then formed. A polymerization agent is added to the emulsion, which causes microcapsules to be formed. Each microcapsule includes a shell surrounding a space, a liquid within the shell, and light absorbing material within the liquid. An embodiment of a method of using microcapsules includes providing phototriggerable microcapsules within a bulk material. Each of the phototriggerable microcapsules includes a shell surrounding a space, a chemically reactive material within the shell, and a light absorbing material within the shell. At least some of the phototriggerable microcapsules are exposed to light, which causes the chemically reactive material to release from the shell and to come into contact with bulk material.
摘要翻译： 微胶囊的一个实施方案包括围绕空间的壳体，壳体内的液体和液体内的光吸收材料。 制造微胶囊的方法的一个实施方案包括形成光吸收材料和有机溶液的混合物。 然后形成混合物的乳液和水溶液。 向乳液中加入聚合剂，导致形成微胶囊。 每个微胶囊包括围绕空间的壳体，壳体内的液体和液体内的光吸收材料。 使用微胶囊的方法的一个实施方案包括在散装材料内提供可光触发的微胶囊。 每个可光触发的微胶囊包括围绕空间的外壳，壳内的化学反应性材料，以及壳内的光吸收材料。 至少一些可光触发的微胶囊暴露于光，这导致化学反应性材料从壳体释放并与散装材料接触。
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公开(公告)号：US08717046B2
公开(公告)日：2014-05-06
申请号：US12681760
申请日：2008-09-03
摘要： A fully-functional radio receiver fabricated from a single nanotube is being disclosed. Simultaneously, a single nanotube can perform the functions of all major components of a radio: antenna, tunable band-pass filter, amplifier, and demodulator. A DC voltage source, as supplied by a battery, can power the radio. Using carrier waves in the commercially relevant 40-400 MHz range and both frequency and amplitude modulation techniques, successful music and voice reception has been demonstrated. Also disclosed are a radio transmitter and a mass sensor using a nanotube resonator device.
摘要翻译： 公开了由单个纳米管制造的全功能无线电接收机。 同时，单个纳米管可以执行无线电的所有主要部件的功能：天线，可调谐带通滤波器，放大器和解调器。 由电池提供的直流电压源可为无线电供电。 在商业上相关的40-400MHz范围内使用载波以及频率和幅度调制技术，已经证明了成功的音乐和语音接收。 还公开了使用纳米管谐振器装置的无线电发射机和质量传感器。
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公开(公告)号：US08703023B2
公开(公告)日：2014-04-22
申请号：US13527369
申请日：2012-06-19
IPC分类号： H01B1/20
CPC分类号： C01B21/064 , B82Y30/00 , C01B21/0648 , C01P2002/82 , C01P2002/85 , C01P2004/03 , C01P2004/04 , C01P2004/13 , C01P2006/22
摘要： A plasma treatment has been used to modify the surface of BNNTs. In one example, the surface of the BNNT has been modified using ammonia plasma to include amine functional groups. Amine functionalization allows BNNTs to be soluble in chloroform, which had not been possible previously. Further functionalization of amine-functionalized BNNTs with thiol-terminated organic molecules has also been demonstrated. Gold nanoparticles have been self-assembled at the surface of both amine- and thiol-functionalized boron nitride Nanotubes (BNNTs) in solution. This approach constitutes a basis for the preparation of highly functionalized BNNTs and for their utilization as nanoscale templates for assembly and integration with other nanoscale materials.
摘要翻译： 已经使用等离子体处理来改变BNNT的表面。 在一个实例中，BNNT的表面已经使用氨等离子体进行了修饰以包括胺官能团。 胺官能化允许BNNTs可溶于氯仿，以前是不可能的。 还已经证明了胺官能化的BNNT与硫醇封端的有机分子的进一步官能化。 金纳米颗粒已经在溶液中在胺和硫醇官能化的氮化硼纳米管（BNNT）的表面处自组装。 这种方法构成了高度官能化的BNNTs的制备和作为纳米尺度模板用于与其他纳米级材料组装和集成的基础。
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公开(公告)号：US08674134B2
公开(公告)日：2014-03-18
申请号：US13162422
申请日：2011-06-16
IPC分类号： C07C233/65 , B82Y40/00 , B82Y30/00
CPC分类号： C07C233/65 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C07C211/44 , C07C233/80 , C08J5/005 , C08J2377/06
摘要： Disclosed herein is a sequential functionalization methodology for the covalent modification of nanotubes with between one and four repeat units of a polymer. Covalent attachment of oligomer units to the surface of nanotubes results in oligomer units forming an organic sheath around the nanotubes, polymer-functionalized-nanotubes (P-NTs). P-NTs possess chemical functionality identical to that of the functionalizing polymer, and thus provide nanoscale scaffolds which may be readily dispersed within a monomer solution and participate in the polymerization reaction to form a polymer-nanotube/polymer composite. Formation of polymer in the presence of P-NTs leads to a uniform dispersion of nanotubes within the polymer matrix, in contrast to aggregated masses of nanotubes in the case of pristine-NTs. The covalent attachment of oligomeric units to the surface of nanotubes represents the formation of a functional nanoscale building block which can be readily dispersed and integrated within the polymer to form a novel composite material.
摘要翻译： 本文公开了用聚合物的一至四个重复单元共价修饰纳米管的顺序官能化方法。 寡聚体单元与纳米管表面的共价连接导致形成纳米管周围的有机鞘的低聚物单元，聚合物官能化的纳米管（P-NT）。 P-NT具有与官能化聚合物相同的化学功能，因此提供纳米级支架，其可以容易地分散在单体溶液中并参与聚合反应以形成聚合物 - 纳米管/聚合物复合材料。 在存在P-NT的情况下，聚合物的形成导致纳米管在聚合物基质内的均匀分散，与原始NT的情况下的纳米管的聚集体相反。 低聚单元与纳米管表面的共价连接代表形成功能性纳米级结构单元，其可以容易地分散并整合在聚合物内以形成新的复合材料。
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公开(公告)号：US08567249B2
公开(公告)日：2013-10-29
申请号：US12543359
申请日：2009-08-18
IPC分类号： G01H13/00
CPC分类号： G01H13/00
摘要： An embodiment of a nanomechanical frequency detector includes a support structure and a plurality of elongated nanostructures coupled to the support structure. Each of the elongated nanostructures has a particular resonant frequency. The plurality of elongated nanostructures has a range of resonant frequencies. An embodiment of a method of identifying an object includes introducing the object to the nanomechanical resonance detector. A resonant response by at least one of the elongated nanostructures of the nanomechanical resonance detector indicates a vibrational mode of the object. An embodiment of a method of identifying a molecular species of the present invention includes introducing the molecular species to the nanomechanical resonance detector. A resonant response by at least one of the elongated nanostructures of the nanomechanical resonance detector indicates a vibrational mode of the molecular species.
摘要翻译： 纳米机械频率检测器的实施例包括支撑结构和耦合到支撑结构的多个细长纳米结构。 每个细长的纳米结构具有特定的谐振频率。 多个细长纳米结构具有一定范围的谐振频率。 识别物体的方法的实施例包括将物体引入纳米机械共振检测器。 通过纳米机械共振检测器的至少一个细长纳米结构的共振响应表示物体的振动模式。 识别本发明的分子种类的方法的实施方案包括将分子种类引入纳米机械共振检测器。 通过纳米机械共振检测器的至少一个细长纳米结构的共振响应指示分子种类的振动模式。
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公开(公告)号：US20120118551A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-17
申请号：US13255876
申请日：2010-03-08
申请人： Alexander K. Zettl
发明人： Alexander K. Zettl
CPC分类号： F28F13/185 , F24S20/20 , F24S70/20 , Y02E10/41 , Y10T29/4935
摘要： An embodiment of a heat transfer interface includes a solid material having first and second surfaces, and a nanotube forest covering at least a portion of the first surface, In operation in a heat exchanger, the heat transfer interface transmits heat from a first side to a second side of the heat transfer interface. An embodiment of a method of improving heat transfer in a heat exchanger includes applying a nanotube forest to a heat transfer surface of a heat transfer interface and installing the heat transfer interface in the heat exchanger.
摘要翻译： 传热界面的实施例包括具有第一表面和第二表面的固体材料和覆盖第一表面的至少一部分的纳米管森林。在热交换器中操作时，热传递界面将热量从第一侧传递到 传热接口的第二面。 改进热交换器中的热传递的方法的一个实施例包括将纳米管森林应用于传热界面的传热表面，并将传热界面安装在热交换器中。
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公开(公告)号：US07863798B2
公开(公告)日：2011-01-04
申请号：US11229935
申请日：2005-09-19
申请人： Brian C. Regan , Alexander K. Zettl , Shaul Aloni
发明人： Brian C. Regan , Alexander K. Zettl , Shaul Aloni
CPC分类号： B81B3/0021 , B81B2201/038 , B82Y15/00 , B82Y30/00 , Y10S977/725 , Y10S977/733 , Y10S977/752 , Y10T117/1004
摘要： A nanoscale nanocrystal which may be used as a reciprocating motor is provided, comprising a substrate having an energy differential across it, e.g. an electrical connection to a voltage source at a proximal end; an atom reservoir on the substrate distal to the electrical connection; a nanoparticle ram on the substrate distal to the atom reservoir; a nanolever contacting the nanoparticle ram and having an electrical connection to a voltage source, whereby a voltage applied between the electrical connections on the substrate and the nanolever causes movement of atoms between the reservoir and the ram. Movement of the ram causes movement of the nanolever relative to the substrate. The substrate and nanolever preferably comprise multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and the atom reservoir and nanoparticle ram are preferably metal (e.g. indium) deposited as small particles on the MWNTs. The substrate may comprise a silicon chip that has been fabricated to provide the necessary electrodes and other electromechanical structures, and further supports an atomic track, which may comprise an MWNT.
摘要翻译： 提供了可用作往复式电动机的纳米级纳米晶体，其包括具有跨过其的能量差异的衬底。 在近端处与电压源的电连接; 基板远离电连接的原子储存器; 位于原子储存器远端的衬底上的纳米颗粒柱塞; 纳米级接触纳米颗粒柱塞并且具有与电压源的电连接，由此施加在衬底上的电连接和纳米器之间的电压引起原子在储存器和柱塞之间的移动。 柱塞的移动导致纳米级器件相对于衬底的移动。 衬底和纳米棒优选地包括多壁碳纳米管（MWNT），并且原子储存器和纳米颗粒柱塞优选是作为小颗粒沉积在MWNT上的金属（例如铟）。 衬底可以包括硅芯片，其被制造成提供必要的电极和其它机电结构，并且还支持可以包括MWNT的原子轨道。
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公开(公告)号：US20180366539A1
公开(公告)日：2018-12-20
申请号：US15451842
申请日：2017-03-07
申请人： Onur Ergen , Alexander K. Zettl
发明人： Onur Ergen , Alexander K. Zettl
CPC分类号： H01L28/55 , B01J23/002 , H01L28/75
摘要： This disclosure provides systems, methods, and apparatus related to solar cells. In one aspect a solar cell includes a first electrode, a hole transport layer disposed on the first electrode, a first perovskite layer disposed on the hole transport layer, a cationic diffusion barrier disposed on the first perovskite layer, a second perovskite layer disposed on the cationic diffusion barrier, an electron transport layer disposed on the second perovskite layer, and a second electrode disposed on the electron transport layer. The first perovskite layer comprises a different perovskite than the second perovskite layer.
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