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    Pre-converted nitric oxide gas in catalytic reduction system
    2.
    发明授权
    Pre-converted nitric oxide gas in catalytic reduction system 失效
    催化还原体系中预先转化的一氧化氮气体

    公开(公告)号：US5891409A

    公开(公告)日：1999-04-06

    申请号：US839895

    申请日：1997-04-18

    申请人： Mark C. Hsiao ,  Bernard T. Merritt ,  Bernardino M. Penetrante ,  George E. Vogtlin

    发明人： Mark C. Hsiao ,  Bernard T. Merritt ,  Bernardino M. Penetrante ,  George E. Vogtlin

    IPC分类号： B01D53/32 ,  B01D53/92 ,  B01D53/94 ,  F01N3/023 ,  F01N3/035 ,  F01N3/08 ,  F01N3/20 ,  F01N13/02 ,  B01D53/34

    CPC分类号： F01N3/2066 ,  B01D53/323 ,  B01D53/92 ,  B01D53/9431 ,  B01D53/9454 ,  F01N13/0097 ,  F01N3/01 ,  F01N3/0231 ,  F01N3/035 ,  F01N3/0892 ,  F01N2240/28 ,  F01N2570/14 ,  F01N2610/02 ,  F01N2610/03 ,  Y02C20/10 ,  Y02T10/22 ,  Y02T10/24

    摘要： A two-stage catalyst comprises an oxidative first stage and a reductive second stage. The first stage is intended to convert NO to NO.sub.2 in the presence of O.sub.2. The second stage serves to convert NO.sub.2 to environmentally benign gases that include N2, CO2, and H.sub.2 O. By preconverting NO to NO.sub.2 in the first stage, the efficiency of the second stage for NO.sub.x reduction is enhanced. For example, an internal combustion engine exhaust is connected by a pipe to a first chamber. An oxidizing first catalyst converts NO to NO.sub.2 in the presence of O.sub.2 and includes platinum/alumina, e.g., Pt/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 catalyst. A flow of hydrocarbons (C.sub.x H.sub.y) is input from a pipe into a second chamber. For example, propene can be used as a source of hydrocarbons. The NO.sub.2 from the first catalyst mixes with the hydrocarbons in the second chamber. The mixture proceeds to a second reduction catalyst that converts NO.sub.2 to N2, CO2, and H.sub.2 O, and includes a gamma-alumina .gamma.-Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. The hydrocarbons and NO.sub.x are simultaneously reduced while passing through the second catalyst.

    摘要翻译： 两阶段催化剂包括氧化第一阶段和还原第二阶段。 第一阶段是在O2的存在下将NO转化为NO2。 第二阶段用于将NO2转化为环境良好的气体，包括N2，CO2和H2O。 通过在第一阶段将NO转化为NO2，提高了NOx还原的第二阶段的效率。 例如，内燃机排气通过管连接到第一室。 氧化性第一催化剂在O 2存在下将NO转化为NO2，并且包括铂/氧化铝，例如Pt / Al 2 O 3催化剂。 烃流（CxHy）从管道输入到第二室。 例如，丙烯可以用作烃的来源。 来自第一催化剂的NO 2与第二室中的烃混合。 混合物进行第二还原催化剂，其将NO 2转化为N 2，CO 2和H 2 O，并且包括γ-氧化铝γ-Al 2 O 3。 在通过第二催化剂的同时，烃和NOx同时还原。

    Diesel NO.sub.x reduction by plasma-regenerated absorbend beds
    5.
    发明授权
    Diesel NO.sub.x reduction by plasma-regenerated absorbend beds 失效
    通过等离子体再生吸收床的柴油NOx还原

    公开(公告)号：US5715677A

    公开(公告)日：1998-02-10

    申请号：US748081

    申请日：1996-11-13

    申请人： P. Henrik Wallman ,  George E. Vogtlin

    发明人： P. Henrik Wallman ,  George E. Vogtlin

    IPC分类号： B01D53/96 ,  F01N3/022 ,  F01N3/023 ,  F01N3/027 ,  F01N3/032 ,  F01N3/08 ,  F01N9/00 ,  F01N13/04 ,  F01N3/02

    CPC分类号： F01N3/0233 ,  B01D53/965 ,  F01N13/011 ,  F01N3/0224 ,  F01N3/027 ,  F01N3/032 ,  F01N3/0821 ,  F01N3/0842 ,  F01N3/0878 ,  F01N9/00 ,  F01N9/002 ,  F01N2250/14 ,  F01N2410/12 ,  F01N2570/14 ,  Y02T10/24 ,  Y02T10/47

    摘要： Reduction of NO.sub.x from diesel engine exhaust by use of plasma-regenerated absorbent beds. This involves a process for the reduction of NO.sub.x and particulates from diesel engines by first absorbing NO.sub.x onto a solid absorbent bed that simultaneously acts as a physical trap for the particulate matter, and second regenerating said solid absorbent by pulsed plasma decomposition of absorbed NO.sub.x followed by air oxidation of trapped particulate matter. The absorbent bed may utilize all metal oxides, but the capacity and the kinetics of absorption and desorption vary between different materials, and thus the composition of the absorbent bed is preferably a material which enables the combination of NO.sub.x absorption capability with catalytic activity for oxidation of hydrocarbons. Thus, naturally occurring or synthetically prepared materials may be utilized, particularly those having NO.sub.x absorption properties up to temperatures around 400.degree. C. which is in the area of diesel engine exhaust temperatures.

    摘要翻译： 通过使用等离子体再生吸收床来减少来自柴油发动机排气的NOx。 这涉及通过首先将NOx吸收到同时作为颗粒物质的物理捕集器的固体吸收剂床上的方式，以从柴油发动机中还原NOx和微粒，并且通过吸收的NOx的脉冲等离子体分解来再次生成所述固体吸收剂， 捕获的颗粒物的空气氧化。 吸收剂床可以利用所有金属氧化物，但是吸收和解吸的能力和动力学在不同的材料之间变化，因此吸收床的组成优选是能够将NOx吸收能力与用于氧化的催化活性组合的材料 碳氢化合物。 因此，可以使用天然存在的或合成制备的材料，特别是具有高达约400℃的NOx吸收性能的那些，其处于柴油机排气温度的区域。

    Plasma-assisted catalytic storage reduction system
    6.
    发明授权
    Plasma-assisted catalytic storage reduction system 失效
    等离子体辅助催化储存还原系统

    公开(公告)号：US06374595B1

    公开(公告)日：2002-04-23

    申请号：US09491234

    申请日：2000-01-25

    申请人： Bernardino M. Penetrante ,  George E. Vogtlin ,  Bernard T. Merritt ,  Raymond M. Brusasco

    发明人： Bernardino M. Penetrante ,  George E. Vogtlin ,  Bernard T. Merritt ,  Raymond M. Brusasco

    IPC分类号： F01N300

    CPC分类号： B01D53/323 ,  B01D53/92 ,  B01D53/9431 ,  B01D53/9454 ,  F01N3/01 ,  F01N3/0231 ,  F01N3/035 ,  F01N3/0807 ,  F01N3/0892 ,  F01N3/2066 ,  F01N13/0097 ,  F01N2240/28 ,  F01N2570/14 ,  F01N2610/02 ,  F01N2610/03 ,  Y02A50/2324 ,  Y02A50/2325 ,  Y02A50/2344 ,  Y02T10/22 ,  Y02T10/24

    摘要： A two-stage method for NOx reduction in an oxygen-rich engine exhaust comprises a plasma oxidative stage and a storage reduction stage. The first stage employs a non-thermal plasma treatment of NOx gases in an oxygen-rich exhaust and is intended to convert NO to NO2 in the presence of O2 and hydrocarbons. The second stage employs a lean NOx trap to convert such NO2 to environmentally benign gases that include N2, CO2, and H2O. By preconverting NO to NO2 in the first stage with a plasma, the efficiency of the second stage for NOx reduction is enhanced. For example, an internal combustion engine exhaust is connected by a pipe to a first chamber in which a non-thermal plasma converts NO to NO2 in the presence of O2 and hydrocarbons, such as propene. A flow of such hydrocarbons (CxHy) is input from usually a second pipe into at least a portion of the first chamber. The NO2 from the plasma treatment proceeds to a storage reduction catalyst (lean NOx trap) that converts NO2 to N2, CO2, and H2O, and includes a nitrate-forming catalytic site. The hydrocarbons and NOx are simultaneously reduced while passing through the lean-NOx trap catalyst. The method allows for enhanced NOx reduction in vehicular engine exhausts, particularly those having relatively high sulfur contents.

    摘要翻译： 富氧发动机排气中的NOx还原的两级方法包括等离子体氧化阶段和储存还原阶段。 第一阶段在富氧排气中采用非热等离子体处理NOx气体，旨在在O2和烃存在下将NO转化为NO2。 第二阶段采用贫NOx捕集器将这种NO2转化为包括N 2，CO 2和H 2 O在内的环境良好的气体。 通过在等离子体的第一阶段中将NO转化为NO2，可以提高第二阶段NOx还原效率。 例如，内燃机排气通过管连接到第一室，其中非热等离子体在O 2和烃（如丙烯）存在下将NO转化为NO2。 这种烃（C x H y）的流动通常从第二管道输入至第一室的至少一部分。 来自等离子体处理的NO 2进行到将NO 2转化为N 2，CO 2和H 2 O的储存还原催化剂（贫NOx捕集器），并且包括形成硝酸盐的催化位点。 烃和NOx在通过稀NOx捕集催化剂的同时被同时还原。 该方法允许车辆发动机排气中的NOx减少增加，特别是具有相对较高硫含量的那些。

    Plasma regenerated particulate trap and NO.sub.x reduction system
    7.
    发明授权
    Plasma regenerated particulate trap and NO.sub.x reduction system 失效
    等离子体再生颗粒捕集器和NOx还原系统

    公开(公告)号：US6038854A

    公开(公告)日：2000-03-21

    申请号：US120903

    申请日：1998-07-22

    申请人： Bernardino M. Penetrante ,  George E. Vogtlin ,  Bernard T. Merritt ,  Raymond M. Brusasco

    发明人： Bernardino M. Penetrante ,  George E. Vogtlin ,  Bernard T. Merritt ,  Raymond M. Brusasco

    IPC分类号： B01D53/32 ,  B01D53/92 ,  B01D53/94 ,  F01N3/023 ,  F01N3/035 ,  F01N3/08 ,  F01N3/20 ,  F01N13/02 ,  F01N3/00

    CPC分类号： F01N3/0892 ,  B01D53/323 ,  B01D53/92 ,  B01D53/9431 ,  B01D53/9454 ,  F01N13/0097 ,  F01N3/0231 ,  F01N3/035 ,  F01N2240/28 ,  F01N2570/14 ,  F01N2610/02 ,  F01N2610/03 ,  Y02T10/22 ,  Y02T10/24

    摘要： A non-catalytic two-stage process for removal of NO.sub.x and particulates from engine exhaust comprises a first stage that plasma converts NO to NO.sub.2 in the presence of O.sub.2 and hydrocarbons, and a second stage, which preferably occurs simultaneously with the first stage, that converts NO.sub.2 and carbon soot particles to respective environmentally benign gases that include N.sub.2 and CO.sub.2. By preconverting NO to NO.sub.2 in the first stage, the efficiency of the second stage for NO.sub.x reduction is enhanced while carbon soot from trapped particulates is simultaneously converted to CO.sub.2 when reacting with the NO.sub.2 (that converts to N.sub.2). For example, an internal combustion engine exhaust is connected by a pipe to a chamber where carbon-containing particulates are electrostatically trapped or filtered and a non-thermal plasma converts NO to NO.sub.2 in the presence of O.sub.2 and hydrocarbons. Volatile hydrocarbons (C.sub.x H.sub.y) from the trapped particulates are oxidized in the plasma and the remaining soot from the particulates reacts with the NO.sub.2 to convert NO.sub.2 to N.sub.2, and the soot to CO.sub.2. The nitrogen exhaust components remain in the gas phase throughout the process, with no accompanying adsorption.

    摘要翻译： 用于从发动机排气中除去NOx和颗粒物的非催化两阶段方法包括在O 2和烃存在下等离子体将NO转化为NO 2的第一阶段，以及优选与第一阶段同时发生的第二阶段， 将NO 2和碳烟粒转化成包括N 2和CO 2在内的各种环境良好的气体。 通过在第一阶段将NO转化为NO2，与NO2（转化为N2）反应时，NOx还原的第二阶段的效率提高，而来自捕获的颗粒的碳烟被同时转化为CO 2。 例如，将内燃机排气通过管道连接到含有磁体的微粒被静电捕获或过滤的室中，并且在O 2和烃存在下，非热等离子体将NO转化为NO2。 来自捕获的颗粒的挥发性烃（C x H y）在等离子体中被氧化，并且来自颗粒的剩余烟灰与NO 2反应以将NO 2转化为N 2，并将烟灰转化为CO 2。 氮气排放组分在整个过程中保持在气相中，没有伴随的吸附。

    Highly-basic large-pore zeolite catalysts for NOx reduction at low temperatures
    8.
    发明授权
    Highly-basic large-pore zeolite catalysts for NOx reduction at low temperatures 失效
    用于低温NOx还原的高碱性大孔沸石催化剂

    公开(公告)号：US06685897B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-02-03

    申请号：US09478576

    申请日：2000-01-06

    申请人： Bernardino M. Penetrante ,  Raymond M. Brusasco ,  Bernard T. Merritt ,  George E. Vogtlin

    发明人： Bernardino M. Penetrante ,  Raymond M. Brusasco ,  Bernard T. Merritt ,  George E. Vogtlin

    IPC分类号： B01D5392

    CPC分类号： B01D53/9418 ,  B01D53/32 ,  B01D53/9472 ,  B01D2251/208 ,  B01D2255/2022 ,  B01D2255/2027 ,  B01D2255/50 ,  B01D2258/012 ,  Y02A50/2325 ,  Y02T10/24 ,  Y10S423/10

    摘要： A high-surface-area (greater than 600 m2/g), large-pore (pore size diameter greater than 6.5 angstroms), basic zeolite having a structure such as an alkali metal cation-exchanged Y-zeolite is employed to convert NOx contained in an oxygen-rich engine exhaust to N2 and O2. Preferably, the invention relates to a two-stage method and apparatus for NOx reduction in an oxygen-rich engine exhaust such as diesel engine exhaust that includes a plasma oxidative stage and a selective reduction stage. The first stage employs a non-thermal plasma treatment of NOx gases in an oxygen-rich exhaust and is intended to convert NO to NO2 in the presence of O2 and added hydrocarbons. The second stage employs a lean-NOx catalyst including the basic zeolite at relatively low temperatures to convert such NO2 to environmentally benign gases that include N2, CO2, and H2O.

    摘要翻译： 使用高表面积（大于600m2 / g），大孔（孔径大于6.5埃），具有碱金属阳离子交换的Y型沸石结构的碱性沸石来转化所含的NOx 在富含氧气的发动机中排放到N2和O2。 优选地，本发明涉及包含等离子体氧化阶段和选择性还原阶段的诸如柴油发动机排气的富氧发动机排气中的NOx还原的两级方法和装置。 第一阶段采用在富氧排气中对NOx气体进行非热等离子体处理，旨在在O 2和加入的烃存在下将NO转化为NO2。 第二阶段在较低温度下使用包含碱性沸石的稀有NOx催化剂将这种NO 2转化成包括N 2，CO 2和H 2 O在内的环境良好的气体。