公开(公告)号：US20050089739A1

公开(公告)日：2005-04-28

申请号：US10939116

申请日：2004-09-10

申请人： Donald Seccombe ,  Gary Orbeck ,  Srikanth Gopalan ,  Uday Pal

发明人： Donald Seccombe ,  Gary Orbeck ,  Srikanth Gopalan ,  Uday Pal

IPC分类号： C04B35/64 ,  H01M20060101 ,  H01M4/86 ,  H01M4/88 ,  H01M4/90 ,  H01M8/12

CPC分类号： H01M4/9033 ,  H01M4/8621 ,  H01M4/8657 ,  H01M4/8885 ,  H01M4/9016 ,  H01M4/9066 ,  H01M8/1213 ,  H01M8/1246 ,  H01M2300/0074 ,  H01M2300/0077 ,  H01M2300/0094 ,  Y02E60/525 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： The present invention provides a method for conveniently manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) at a cost that is less than five-hundred dollars per kilowatt of electricity. The method comprises forming an electrode layer and depositing an electrolyte material on the surface of the electrode. The formed structure is an electrode-electrolyte bi-layer. A second electrode is deposited onto this bi-layer to form a multilayer fuel cell structure comprising an electrolyte positioned between two electrodes. This multilayer structure is then heated and fired in a single thermal cycle to remove any binder materials and sinter, respectively, the fuel cell. This thermal cycle can be performed in a furnace having one or more chambers. The chamber(s) preferably contains a variable or multiple frequency microwave source for heating the cell and removing binder materials in the electrolyte and electrode structures. The chamber(s) also preferably include a convection and/or radiation source for sintering the fuel cell. In addition, the method of the invention harmonizes and minimizes the deviation among the thermophysical properties of the electrolyte and electrode structures. This harmonization reduces and minimizes the temperature gradient within the cell such that the structure can be uniformly heated and fired during the thermal cycle. The multilayer structure is also unlikely to distort and fracture by minimizing the temperature gradient in the cell. An SOFC can also be manufactured by the present method in an order of magnitude less time than standard processes.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种方便地制造固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的方法，其成本低于每千瓦电力500美元。 该方法包括形成电极层并在电极的表面上沉积电解质材料。 所形成的结构是电极 - 电解质双层。 第二电极沉积到该双层上以形成包含位于两个电极之间的电解质的多层燃料电池结构。 然后将该多层结构在单个热循环中加热和烧制以除去任何粘合剂材料并分别烧结燃料电池。 该热循环可以在具有一个或多个室的炉中进行。 腔室优选地包含用于加热电池并去除电解质和电极结构中的粘合剂材料的可变或多频微波源。 该室还优选地包括用于烧结燃料电池的对流和/或辐射源。 此外，本发明的方法协调和最小化电解质和电极结构的热物理性质之间的偏差。 这种协调减小并最小化了电池内的温度梯度，使得结构可以在热循环期间被均匀地加热和烧制。 多层结构也不太可能通过使电池中的温度梯度最小化来扭曲和断裂。 SOFC也可以通过本方法制造的时间比标准工艺要低一个数量级。

公开(公告)号：US07485385B2

公开(公告)日：2009-02-03

申请号：US10939116

申请日：2004-09-10

申请人： Donald A. Seccombe, Jr. ,  Gary Orbeck ,  Srikanth Gopalan ,  Uday Pal

发明人： Donald A. Seccombe, Jr. ,  Gary Orbeck ,  Srikanth Gopalan ,  Uday Pal

IPC分类号： H01M8/10

CPC分类号： H01M4/9033 ,  H01M4/8621 ,  H01M4/8657 ,  H01M4/8885 ,  H01M4/9016 ,  H01M4/9066 ,  H01M8/1213 ,  H01M8/1246 ,  H01M2300/0074 ,  H01M2300/0077 ,  H01M2300/0094 ,  Y02E60/525 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： The present invention provides a method for conveniently manufacturing a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) at a cost that is less than five-hundred dollars per kilowatt of electricity. The method comprises forming an electrode layer and depositing an electrolyte material on the surface of the electrode. The formed structure is an electrode-electrolyte bi-layer. A second electrode is deposited onto this bi-layer to form a multilayer fuel cell structure comprising an electrolyte positioned between two electrodes. This multilayer structure is then heated and fired in a single thermal cycle to remove any binder materials and sinter, respectively, the fuel cell. This thermal cycle can be performed in a furnace having one or more chambers. The chamber(s) preferably contains a variable or multiple frequency microwave source for heating the cell and removing binder materials in the electrolyte and electrode structures. The chamber(s) also preferably include a convection and/or radiation source for sintering the fuel cell. In addition, the method of the invention harmonizes and minimizes the deviation among the thermophysical properties of the electrolyte and electrode structures. This harmonization reduces and minimizes the temperature gradient within the cell such that the structure can be uniformly heated and fired during the thermal cycle. The multilayer structure is also unlikely to distort and fracture by minimizing the temperature gradient in the cell. An SOFC can also be manufactured by the present method in an order of magnitude less time than standard processes.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供一种方便地制造固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的方法，其成本低于每千瓦电力500美元。 该方法包括形成电极层并在电极的表面上沉积电解质材料。 所形成的结构是电极 - 电解质双层。 第二电极沉积到该双层上以形成包含位于两个电极之间的电解质的多层燃料电池结构。 然后将该多层结构在单个热循环中加热和烧制以除去任何粘合剂材料并分别烧结燃料电池。 该热循环可以在具有一个或多个室的炉中进行。 腔室优选地包含用于加热电池并去除电解质和电极结构中的粘合剂材料的可变或多频微波源。 该室还优选地包括用于烧结燃料电池的对流和/或辐射源。 此外，本发明的方法协调和最小化电解质和电极结构的热物理性质之间的偏差。 这种协调减小并最小化了电池内的温度梯度，使得结构可以在热循环期间被均匀地加热和烧制。 多层结构也不太可能通过使电池中的温度梯度最小化来扭曲和断裂。 SOFC也可以通过本方法制造的时间比标准工艺要低一个数量级。

公开(公告)号：US07393384B2

公开(公告)日：2008-07-01

申请号：US10511644

申请日：2003-04-15

申请人： Srikanth Gopalan ,  Uday Pal

发明人： Srikanth Gopalan ,  Uday Pal

IPC分类号： B01D53/22 ,  B01D71/02

CPC分类号： B01D71/024 ,  B01D53/228 ,  B01D2257/108 ,  B01D2323/12 ,  C01B3/503 ,  C01B3/505 ,  C01B2203/041 ,  C01B2203/0465 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/0475 ,  C01B2203/048 ,  C01B2203/0495

摘要： A process for purification of hydrogen from a stream of synthesis gas or other reformate gases is described. The process, generally conducted at temperatures of approximately 800-1000° C., involves the use of a cell in which a mixture of reformate gas and steam are flowed on one side of a dense solid state ceramic membrane, while steam is passed on the other side. High purity hydrogen is generated on the steam side. The membrane is similar to one that has in the past been used for oxygen purification and can be single or two phase, for example La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3+Pd.

摘要翻译： 描述了从合成气或其它重整气体流中净化氢的方法。 通常在约800-1000℃的温度下进行的方法涉及使用其中将重整气体和蒸汽的混合物在致密固态陶瓷膜的一侧上流动的电池，同时蒸汽在 另一边。 在蒸汽侧产生高纯度氢。 膜类似于过去用于氧气净化的膜，并且可以是单相或两相，例如La 0.9 Ga 0.1 Ga 0.8， /SUB>Mg_0.2O₃+Pd。

公开(公告)号：US20060191408A1

公开(公告)日：2006-08-31

申请号：US11255650

申请日：2005-10-21

申请人： Srikanth Gopalan ,  Uday Pal ,  Annamalai Karthikeyan ,  Cui Hengdong

发明人： Srikanth Gopalan ,  Uday Pal ,  Annamalai Karthikeyan ,  Cui Hengdong

IPC分类号： B01D53/22

CPC分类号： B01D67/0041 ,  B01D53/228 ,  B01D53/32 ,  B01D69/141 ,  B01D71/024 ,  B01D2325/22 ,  B01D2325/26 ,  B01J8/009 ,  B01J19/0073 ,  C01B3/503 ,  C01B13/0255 ,  C01B2203/025 ,  C01B2203/0283 ,  C01B2203/0405 ,  C01B2203/041 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/0475 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C01B2210/0053 ,  H01M8/0662 ,  H01M8/0681 ,  H01M8/0687 ,  H01M2008/1095 ,  Y02E60/364 ,  Y02P20/149

摘要： A mixed ionic and electronic conducting membrane includes a two-phase solid state ceramic composite, wherein the first phase comprises an oxygen ion conductor and the second phase comprises an n-type electronically conductive oxide, wherein the electronically conductive oxide is stable at an oxygen partial pressure as low as 10−20 atm and has an electronic conductivity of at least 1 S/cm. A hydrogen separation system and related methods using the mixed ionic and electronic conducting membrane are described.

摘要翻译： 混合的离子和电子导电膜包括两相固态陶瓷复合材料，其中第一相包括氧离子导体，第二相包括n型电子导电氧化物，其中电子导电氧化物在氧气部分是稳定的 压力低至10〜20大气压，电子传导率至少为1S / cm。 描述了使用混合的离子和电子导电膜的氢分离系统和相关方法。

公开(公告)号：US20070009784A1

公开(公告)日：2007-01-11

申请号：US11476420

申请日：2006-06-28

申请人： Uday Pal ,  Srikanth Gopalan ,  Wenquan Gong

发明人： Uday Pal ,  Srikanth Gopalan ,  Wenquan Gong

IPC分类号： H01M4/86 ,  H01M8/12

CPC分类号： H01M8/1213 ,  H01M4/8621 ,  H01M4/9033 ,  H01M4/905 ,  H01M4/9066

摘要： The invention provides for a stable materials system for intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC). Without limitation, a solid electrolyte layer can include a Sr-and-Mg doped lanthanum gallate layer, such as La0.9Sr0.1Ga0.8Mg0.2O3, (LSGM), or a bi-layer semiconductor electrolyte (comprising, for example, donor doped SrTiO3 in an n-type first semiconductor layer and LSCF or LSM in a p-type second semiconductor layer); cathode materials can include La1-xSrxMnO3 (LSM), La1-xSrxCoyFe1-yO3 (LSCF), a two-phase particulate composite consisting of LSM and LSGM (LSM-LSGM), and LSCF-LSGM composite; anode materials can include Ni—Ce0.85Gd0.15O2 (Ni-GDC) and Ni—Ce0.6La0.4O2 (Ni-LDC) composites; and a barrier layer of GDC or LDC can be used between the electrolyte and Ni-composite anode to prevent adverse reaction of the Ni in the anode layer with lanthanum in the electrolyte layer.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了用于中温固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的稳定材料体系。 不限于此，固体电解质层可以包括Sr和Mg掺杂的没食子酸镓镧层，例如La 0.9>> Ga Ga Ga> 0.8 0.8>>>> Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg Mg （LSGM）或双层半导体电解质（包括例如n型第一半导体层中的施主掺杂SrTiO 3和LSCF或LSM 在p型第二半导体层中）; 阴极材料可以包括La 1-x Sr 3 MnO 3（LSM），La 1-x Sr 由LSM和LSM组成的两相颗粒复合材料（LSCF），其中， LSGM（LSM-LSGM）和LSCF-LSGM复合; 阳极材料可以包括Ni-Ce 0.85 Ni（Ni-GDC）和Ni-Ce 0.6 N LaNiO 2（Ni-LDC）复合材料; 并且可以在电解质和Ni复合阳极之间使用GDC或LDC的阻挡层，以防止阳极层中的Ni与电解质层中的镧的不利反应。

公开(公告)号：US06299742B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-09

申请号：US09368308

申请日：1999-08-03

申请人： Uday Pal ,  Stephen C. Britten

发明人： Uday Pal ,  Stephen C. Britten

IPC分类号： B01D5940

CPC分类号： C25C3/00 ,  C25C7/06 ,  G01N27/40 ,  G01N27/42

摘要： An amperometric in situ apparatus and technique for measuring the concentrations and transport properties of easily dissociable oxides in slags is described. The technique consists of a combination of different measurements utilizing an electrolyte to separate a reference-gas compartment from the slag of interest. A method and apparatus for metals extraction is also described which includes a vessel for holding a molten electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising a mobile metallic species and an anionic species having a diffusivity greater than about 10−5 cm2/sec; a cathode and an anode, the cathode in electrical contact with the molten metal electrolyte, the cathode and molten electrolyte separated from the anode by an ionic membrane capable of transporting the anionic species of the electrolyte into the membrane; and a power source for generating a potential between the cathode and the anode.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于测量炉渣中容易解离的氧化物的浓度和运输特性的电流原位装置和技术。 该技术包括利用电解质将参考气体隔室与感兴趣的炉渣分开的不同测量的组合。 还描述了用于金属提取的方法和装置，其包括用于保持熔融电解质的容器，所述电解质包含可移动金属物质和扩散系数大于约10-5cm 2 / sec的阴离子物质; 阴极和阳极，所述阴极与所述熔融金属电解质电接触，所述阴极和熔融电解质通过能够将所述电解质的阴离子物质输送到所述膜中的离子膜与所述阳极分离; 以及用于在阴极和阳极之间产生电位的电源。

公开(公告)号：US5532071A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-02

申请号：US426561

申请日：1995-04-19

申请人： Uday Pal ,  Harald Landes ,  Horst Greiner

发明人： Uday Pal ,  Harald Landes ,  Horst Greiner

IPC分类号： C23C16/04 ,  H01M8/02 ,  H01M8/12 ,  H01M8/24 ,  H01M8/04

CPC分类号： C23C16/045 ,  H01M8/0271 ,  H01M8/2425 ,  Y02P70/56 ,  Y02T50/67

摘要： A process for sealing leaks gas spaces and/or gas channels between individual components of high-temperature fuel cells, includes introducing at least first and second and optionally further different gases at high temperature from the outside into the gas spaces and/or gas channels to be sealed off from one another, for flushing every leak with the first gas on one side and with the second or further gas on the other side. The first gas contains at least one gaseous compound that can be oxidized to form a metal ion-conducting and/or an oxygen ion-conducting oxide, and the second and optionally further gas contains oxygen and/or is able to give off oxygen. The first gas contains at least one oxidizable compound of at least one of the metals of an electrolyte material, a bipolar plate and electrodes of the fuel cells, and/or one element of the group including zirconium, nickel, calcium, magnesium, cerium and rare earth metal. A high-temperature fuel cell produced by the process includes individual components having previously leaking points therebetween. Inlays of metal ion-conducting and/or oxygen ion-conducting oxides are disposed in the vicinity of the previously leaking points. The inlays are formed of oxides of at least one of the metals of electrolyte material, a bipolar plate, electrodes, zirconium, nickel, calcium, magnesium, cerium, hafnium and rare earth metal.

摘要翻译： 一种用于密封泄漏高温燃料电池的各个部件之间的气体空间和/或气体通道的方法包括将高温下的至少第一和第二和任选的另外不同的气体从外部引入到气体空间和/或气体通道中， 彼此密封，用于冲洗一侧的第一气体和另一侧的第二气体或其他气体的每一次泄漏。 第一气体含有至少一种可被氧化以形成金属离子导电和/或氧离子传导氧化物的气态化合物，第二气体和任选的另外的气体含有氧和/或能够释放出氧。 第一气体含有至少一种电解质材料，双极板和燃料电池的电极中的至少一种金属的可氧化化合物，和/或包括锆，镍，钙，镁，铈和 稀土金属。 通过该方法制造的高温燃料电池包括其间具有先前泄漏点的各个部件。 金属离子传导和/或氧离子传导氧化物的镶嵌物设置在先前泄漏点附近。 嵌体由电解质材料，双极板，电极，锆，镍，钙，镁，铈，铪和稀土金属中的至少一种金属的氧化物形成。

公开(公告)号：US5976345A

公开(公告)日：1999-11-02

申请号：US002581

申请日：1998-01-05

申请人： Uday Pal ,  Stephen C. Britten

发明人： Uday Pal ,  Stephen C. Britten

IPC分类号： G01N27/28 ,  C25C3/00 ,  C25C7/06 ,  G01N27/40 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/42 ,  G01N27/48

CPC分类号： C25C3/00 ,  C25C7/06 ,  G01N27/40 ,  G01N27/42

摘要： An amperometric in situ apparatus and technique for measuring the concentrations and transport properties of easily dissociable oxides in slags is described. The technique consists of a combination of different measurements utilizing an electrolyte to separate a reference-gas compartment from the slag of interest. A potentiometric measurement (type I) provides information on the thermodynamic properties of the slag; an amperometric measurement (type II) yields information concerning the type and transport properties of dissociable oxides; an electrolysis measurement (type III) determines the concentration of dissociable oxides. A method and apparatus for metals extraction is also described which includes a vessel for holding a molten electrolyte, the electrolyte comprising a mobile metallic species and an anionic species having a diffusivity greater than about 10.sup.-5 cm.sup.2 /sec; a cathode and an anode, the cathode in electrical contact with the molten metal electrolyte, the cathode and molten electrolyte separated from the anode by an ionic membrane capable of transporting the anionic species of the electrolyte into the membrane; and a power source for generating a potential between the cathode and the anode.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于测量炉渣中容易解离的氧化物的浓度和运输特性的电流原位装置和技术。 该技术包括利用电解质将参考气体隔室与感兴趣的炉渣分开的不同测量的组合。 电位测量（I型）提供了关于炉渣热力学性质的信息; 电流测量（II型）产生关于可分解氧化物的类型和运输特性的信息; 电解测量（III型）决定了可离解氧化物的浓度。 还描述了用于金属提取的方法和装置，其包括用于保持熔融电解质的容器，所述电解质包含可移动金属物质和扩散系数大于约10-5cm 2 / sec的阴离子物质; 阴极和阳极，所述阴极与所述熔融金属电解质电接触，所述阴极和熔融电解质通过能够将所述电解质的阴离子物质输送到所述膜中的离子膜与所述阳极分离; 以及用于在阴极和阳极之间产生电位的电源。