Abstract:
Mixtures containing (1) polymers of ethylene with polar monomers such as vinyl acetate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl fumarate, etc., and (2) homopolymers of ethylene or copolymers of ethylene with C3 - C18 alpha-olefins synergistically improve the pour point and flow characteristics of middle distillate petroleum oils.
Abstract:
Addition to distillate fuel oil of wax crystal modifying amides or salts, of limited oil solubility, formed from acids with amines or ammonia improves the cold-flow properties of the oil.
Abstract:
The response of a middle distillate petroleum fuel oil to the addition of a flow improver, such as a copolymer of ethylene, whereby flow and pumpability at low temperatures are improved, is increased by incorporating said fuel oil a small proportion of a paraffinic wax in sufficient quantity to furnish from about 0.03 to about 2 weight percent of normal paraffin hydrocarbons whose average molecular weight is within the range of from 300 to 650. The paraffinic wax that is added has a molar heat of fusion that is greater than the molar heat of fusion of the first wax that separates from the fuel upon cooling to or below its cloud point. Preferably, the added wax contains normal paraffin hydrocarbons ranging from n-C24 to at least n-C28 inclusive.