利索-全球专利检索

  1. 登录
  2. 注册

搜索结果

70 条记录 (耗时 0.01 秒)

    Process for the oligomerization of α-olefins having low unsaturation
    1.
    发明授权
    Process for the oligomerization of α-olefins having low unsaturation 有权

    公开(公告)号：US07129306B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-10-31

    申请号：US10761515

    申请日：2004-01-20

    申请人： Anthony-Joseph DiMaio

    发明人： Anthony-Joseph DiMaio

    IPC分类号： C08F210/00

    CPC分类号： C10M145/08 ,  C08F4/65912 ,  C08F10/00 ,  C08F110/14 ,  C10M107/02 ,  C10M107/10 ,  C10M145/02 ,  C10M2205/02 ,  C10N2220/021 ,  C10N2220/022 ,  C10N2220/024 ,  C10N2230/02 ,  C10N2270/02 ,  Y10S526/943 ,  C08F4/65927 ,  C08F2500/03 ,  C08F2500/17

    摘要： A process is disclosed for the preparation of a poly(α-olefin) polymer wherein the process comprises polymerizing at least one α-olefin in the presence of hydrogen and a catalytically effective amount of catalyst comprising the product obtained by combining a metallocene catalyst with a cocatalyst, the metallocene catalyst being at least one meso compound of general formula: wherein: A1 and A2 are independently selected from the group consisting of mononuclear and polynuclear hydrocarbons; M1 is a metal from group IVb, Vb, or VIb of the Periodic Table; R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1–C10 alkyl, C1–C10-alkoxy, C6–C10 aryl, C6–C10 aryloxy, C2–C10 alkenyl, C7–C40 arylalkyl, C7–C40 alkylaryl, C8–C40 arylalkenyl and halogen; R7 is selected from the group consisting of: ═BR11, ═AlR11, —Ge—, —Sn—, —O—, —S—, ═SO, ═SO2, ═NR11, ═CO, ═PR11 and ═P(O)R11, where R11, R12, and R13 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1–C10 alkyl, C1–C10 fluoroalkyl, C6–C10 aryl, C6–C10 fluoroaryl, C1–C10 alkoxy, C2–C10 alkenyl, C7–C40 arylalkyl, C8–C40 arylalkenyl, and C7–C40 alkylaryl, or R11 and R12 or R11 and R13, in each case with the atoms connecting them, form a ring; and M2 is selected from the group consisting of silicon, germanium, and tin; R8 and R9 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halogen, C1–C10 alkyl, C1–C10 fluoroalkyl, C6–C10 aryl, C6–C10 fluoroaryl, C1–C10 alkoxy, C2–C10 alkenyl, C7–C40 arylalkyl, C8–C40 arylalkenyl, and C7–C40 alkylaryl; m and n are identical or different and are zero, 1, or 2, with m plus n being zero, 1 or 2.

    Detergent copolymer acyl amido alkyl ethers of polyalkylene glycol
    5.
    发明授权
    Detergent copolymer acyl amido alkyl ethers of polyalkylene glycol 失效
    洗涤剂共聚物ACYL AMIDO ALKYL聚乙二醇

    公开(公告)号：US3428615A

    公开(公告)日：1969-02-18

    申请号：US3428615D

    申请日：1967-08-21

    申请人： CHEVRON RES

    发明人： STUART FRANK A ,  STEWART WILLIAM T ,  LOWE WARREN ,  KAVANAGH FRANK W

    IPC分类号： C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/14 ,  C08F16/12 ,  C08F20/10 ,  C08F20/58 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F22/00 ,  C08F220/18 ,  C08F283/00 ,  C08F283/06 ,  C08F290/06 ,  C08L33/08 ,  C09G1/00 ,  C10M159/00 ,  C10M1/28 ,  C10M1/36

    CPC分类号： C10M159/005 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08F16/12 ,  C08F20/58 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F22/00 ,  C08F220/18 ,  C08F283/00 ,  C08F283/06 ,  C08F290/062 ,  C08F2800/10 ,  C08F2800/20 ,  C10M1/08 ,  C10M3/00 ,  C10M143/00 ,  C10M143/02 ,  C10M145/02 ,  C10M147/02 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M151/02 ,  C10M153/02 ,  C10M2203/02 ,  C10M2203/022 ,  C10M2203/024 ,  C10M2203/04 ,  C10M2203/10 ,  C10M2205/00 ,  C10M2205/02 ,  C10M2205/022 ,  C10M2205/026 ,  C10M2205/14 ,  C10M2205/16 ,  C10M2205/17 ,  C10M2205/18 ,  C10M2205/22 ,  C10M2207/027 ,  C10M2207/282 ,  C10M2207/34 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2209/103 ,  C10M2209/104 ,  C10M2209/105 ,  C10M2209/107 ,  C10M2209/108 ,  C10M2209/109 ,  C10M2213/00 ,  C10M2213/02 ,  C10M2213/04 ,  C10M2213/06 ,  C10M2215/042 ,  C10M2217/00 ,  C10M2217/02 ,  C10M2217/022 ,  C10M2217/023 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/026 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/04 ,  C10M2217/044 ,  C10M2217/045 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2219/087 ,  C10M2219/088 ,  C10M2219/089 ,  C10M2221/00 ,  C10M2221/02 ,  C10M2221/04 ,  C10M2221/041 ,  C10M2221/043 ,  C10M2223/041 ,  C10M2223/045 ,  C10M2223/12 ,  C10M2225/00 ,  C10M2225/02 ,  C10M2225/04 ,  C10M2227/02 ,  C10M2229/00 ,  C10N2210/02 ,  C10N2240/04 ,  C10N2240/042 ,  C10N2240/044 ,  C10N2240/046 ,  C10N2240/10 ,  C10N2240/101 ,  C10N2240/104 ,  C10N2240/106 ,  C10N2270/02 ,  Y10S526/933 ,  C08F8/14 ,  C08F8/12 ,  C08F120/18 ,  C08F110/10

    摘要： A lubricating composition, especially suitable for use in internal combustion engines, comprises a major proportion by weight of a lubricating oil and a minor proportion by weight, sufficient to enhance the detergent characteristics of the composition, of an additive consisting of a predominantly aliphatic or cycloaliphatic macromolecule, which macromolecule comprises up to 99,9% by weight of oil-solubilizing aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups and at least 0,1% by weight of one or more non-carboxylic-ester-linked polyglycol groups each having at least five alkylene oxide units with from two to seven carbon atoms in each alkylene oxide unit, said macromolecule having an average molecular weight of at least 50,000 and a solubility in the lubricating oil of at least 0,5% by weight. The lubricating oil may be a mineral oil, a synthetic hydrocarbon (e.g. a hydrogenated hydrocarbon, polymer, a chlorinated alkane/aryl compound condensation product or a high molecular weight alkylated hydrocarbon such as an alkylated wax), an alkylene oxide polymer or an etherification and/or esterification product thereof, or an ester such as di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, tricresyl phosphate or a silicate ester. The macromolecular additive may be a copolymer of (A) an oilsolubilizing olefin of 2-30 carbon atoms or a monomeric compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and containing a hydrocarbyl group of 4-30 aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms (e.g. an alkenyl ether, an alkenyl ester of a monocarboxylic acid, or an ester of an unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acid), (B) a noncarboxylic-ester-linked polyglycol monomeric compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and a polyglycol group containing at least 5 alkylene oxide units in which each alkylene oxide unit has 2-7 carbon atoms and, optionally, (C) a monomeric polar compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and a polar group (e.g. -COOH, -CONH2, -CONH-ROH or -CONHRNH2 where R is alkylene, carboxyl groups esterified with hydroxy- or amino-substituted alkyl groups, heterocyclic nitrogenous groups, epoxy groups and cyano groups). In monomer (B), the polyvalent linking group or atom between the group bearing the polymerizable ethylenic linkage and the polyglycol group may be -0-, -5-, or a carbonyl, sulphonyloxy, iminocarbonyl, ureylene, iminocarbonyloxy, phosphonyloxy or imino group. Specific examples of monomers (B) are polyglycol amides of unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids and vinyl or allyl monoethers of polyglycols. However, methods other than copolymerization may be used in preparing the macromolecular additive. Specific macromolecular additives mentioned as suitable for addition to mineral lubricating oil are (i) the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate and methacrylamide-initiated or allylamine-initiated polyethylene glycol, (ii) the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate and polyethylene glycol monovinyl ether, (iii) the phosphonate product formed by reacting chlorophosphonylated polyisobutylene with the dodecyl mono-ether of polyethylene glycol and (iv) the sulphonate product formed by reacting chlorosulphonylated polyisobutylene with the dodecyl mono-ether of polyethylene glycol. The lubricant composition may contain additional ingredients such as pour point depressants, oiliness and extreme pressure agents, antioxidants and corrosion inhibitors (e.g. P2S5-treated pinene and divalent metal salts of organic dithiophosphoric acids), blooming agents, thickening agents, viscosity improvers (e.g. alkyl methacrylate polymers or butene polymers) or auxiliary detergents and antiwear agents (e.g. alkaline earth phenates of higher alkyl phenols).ALSO:An additive for lubricating oils (see Group III) consists of a predominantly aliphatic or cycloaliphatic macromolecule which comprises up to 99,9% by weight of oil-solubilizing aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups and at least 0,1% by weight of one or more non-carboxylic-ester-linked polyglycol groups each having at least 5 alkylene oxide units with 2-7 carbon atoms in each alkylene oxide unit, said macromolecule having an average molecular weight of at least 50,000 and a solubility in the lubricating oil of at least 0,5% by weight. The additive may be a copolymer of (A) an oil-solubilizing olefin of 2-30 carbon atoms or a monomeric compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and containing a hydrocarbyl group of 4-30 aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms (e.g. an alkenyl ether, an alkenyl ester of a monocarboxylic acid or an ester of an unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acid), (B) a non-carboxylic-ester-linked polyglycol monomeric compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and a polyglycol group containing at least 5 alkylene oxide units in which each alkylene oxide unit has 2-7 carbon atoms and, optionally, (C) a monomeric polar compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and a polar group (e.g. -COOH, -CONH2, -CONHROH or -CONHRNH2 where R is alkylene, carboxyl groups esterified with hydroxy- or amino-substituted alkyl groups, heterocyclic nitrogenous groups, epoxy groups and cyano groups). In monomer (B), the polyvalent linking group or atom between the group bearing the polymerizable ethylenic linkage and the polyglycol group may be -O-, -S-, or a carbonyl, sulphonyloxy, iminocarbonyl, ureylene, imino carbonyloxy, phosphonyloxy or imino group. Specific examples of monomers (B) are polyglycol amides of unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acids and vinyl or allyl monoethers of polyglycols. However, methods other than copolymerization may be used in preparing the macromolecular additive. In the examples, the preparation is described of (i) the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate and methacrylamide-initiated or allylamine-initiated polyethylene glycol, (ii) the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate and polyethylene glycol monovinyl ether, (iii) the phosphonate product formed by reacting chlorophosphonylated polyisobutylene with the dodecyl mono-ether of polyethelene glycol and (iv) the sulphonate product formed by reacting chlorosulphonylated polyisobutylene with the dodecyl monoether of polyethylene glycol.

    Detergent copolymer of polyglycol alkenyl ethers
    6.
    发明授权
    Detergent copolymer of polyglycol alkenyl ethers 失效
    聚二醇烯基醚的洗涤剂共聚物

    公开(公告)号：US3337516A

    公开(公告)日：1967-08-22

    申请号：US42715965

    申请日：1965-01-21

    申请人： CHEVRON RES

    发明人： STUART FRANK A ,  STEWART WILLIAM T ,  WARREN LOWE ,  KAVANAGH FRANK W

    IPC分类号： C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/14 ,  C08F16/12 ,  C08F20/10 ,  C08F20/58 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F22/00 ,  C08F220/18 ,  C08F283/00 ,  C08F283/06 ,  C08F290/06 ,  C08L33/08 ,  C09G1/00 ,  C10M159/00

    CPC分类号： C10M159/005 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08F16/12 ,  C08F20/58 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F22/00 ,  C08F220/18 ,  C08F283/00 ,  C08F283/06 ,  C08F290/062 ,  C08F2800/10 ,  C08F2800/20 ,  C10M1/08 ,  C10M3/00 ,  C10M143/00 ,  C10M143/02 ,  C10M145/02 ,  C10M147/02 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M151/02 ,  C10M153/02 ,  C10M2203/02 ,  C10M2203/022 ,  C10M2203/024 ,  C10M2203/04 ,  C10M2203/10 ,  C10M2205/00 ,  C10M2205/02 ,  C10M2205/022 ,  C10M2205/026 ,  C10M2205/14 ,  C10M2205/16 ,  C10M2205/17 ,  C10M2205/18 ,  C10M2205/22 ,  C10M2207/027 ,  C10M2207/282 ,  C10M2207/34 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2209/103 ,  C10M2209/104 ,  C10M2209/105 ,  C10M2209/107 ,  C10M2209/108 ,  C10M2209/109 ,  C10M2213/00 ,  C10M2213/02 ,  C10M2213/04 ,  C10M2213/06 ,  C10M2215/042 ,  C10M2217/00 ,  C10M2217/02 ,  C10M2217/022 ,  C10M2217/023 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/026 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/04 ,  C10M2217/044 ,  C10M2217/045 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2219/087 ,  C10M2219/088 ,  C10M2219/089 ,  C10M2221/00 ,  C10M2221/02 ,  C10M2221/04 ,  C10M2221/041 ,  C10M2221/043 ,  C10M2223/041 ,  C10M2223/045 ,  C10M2223/12 ,  C10M2225/00 ,  C10M2225/02 ,  C10M2225/04 ,  C10M2227/02 ,  C10M2229/00 ,  C10N2210/02 ,  C10N2240/04 ,  C10N2240/042 ,  C10N2240/044 ,  C10N2240/046 ,  C10N2240/10 ,  C10N2240/101 ,  C10N2240/104 ,  C10N2240/106 ,  C10N2270/02 ,  Y10S526/933 ,  C08F8/14 ,  C08F8/12 ,  C08F120/18 ,  C08F110/10

    摘要： A lubricating composition, especially suitable for use in internal combustion engines, comprises a major proportion by weight of a lubricating oil and a minor proportion by weight, sufficient to enhance the detergent characteristics of the composition, of an additive consisting of a predominantly aliphatic or cycloaliphatic macromolecule, which macromolecule comprises up to 99,9% by weight of oil-solubilizing aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups and at least 0,1% by weight of one or more non-carboxylic-ester-linked polyglycol groups each having at least five alkylene oxide units with from two to seven carbon atoms in each alkylene oxide unit, said macromolecule having an average molecular weight of at least 50,000 and a solubility in the lubricating oil of at least 0,5% by weight. The lubricating oil may be a mineral oil, a synthetic hydrocarbon (e.g. a hydrogenated hydrocarbon, polymer, a chlorinated alkane/aryl compound condensation product or a high molecular weight alkylated hydrocarbon such as an alkylated wax), an alkylene oxide polymer or an etherification and/or esterification product thereof, or an ester such as di(2-ethylhexyl) sebacate, tricresyl phosphate or a silicate ester. The macromolecular additive may be a copolymer of (A) an oilsolubilizing olefin of 2-30 carbon atoms or a monomeric compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and containing a hydrocarbyl group of 4-30 aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms (e.g. an alkenyl ether, an alkenyl ester of a monocarboxylic acid, or an ester of an unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acid), (B) a noncarboxylic-ester-linked polyglycol monomeric compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and a polyglycol group containing at least 5 alkylene oxide units in which each alkylene oxide unit has 2-7 carbon atoms and, optionally, (C) a monomeric polar compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and a polar group (e.g. -COOH, -CONH2, -CONH-ROH or -CONHRNH2 where R is alkylene, carboxyl groups esterified with hydroxy- or amino-substituted alkyl groups, heterocyclic nitrogenous groups, epoxy groups and cyano groups). In monomer (B), the polyvalent linking group or atom between the group bearing the polymerizable ethylenic linkage and the polyglycol group may be -0-, -5-, or a carbonyl, sulphonyloxy, iminocarbonyl, ureylene, iminocarbonyloxy, phosphonyloxy or imino group. Specific examples of monomers (B) are polyglycol amides of unsaturated mono- or dicarboxylic acids and vinyl or allyl monoethers of polyglycols. However, methods other than copolymerization may be used in preparing the macromolecular additive. Specific macromolecular additives mentioned as suitable for addition to mineral lubricating oil are (i) the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate and methacrylamide-initiated or allylamine-initiated polyethylene glycol, (ii) the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate and polyethylene glycol monovinyl ether, (iii) the phosphonate product formed by reacting chlorophosphonylated polyisobutylene with the dodecyl mono-ether of polyethylene glycol and (iv) the sulphonate product formed by reacting chlorosulphonylated polyisobutylene with the dodecyl mono-ether of polyethylene glycol. The lubricant composition may contain additional ingredients such as pour point depressants, oiliness and extreme pressure agents, antioxidants and corrosion inhibitors (e.g. P2S5-treated pinene and divalent metal salts of organic dithiophosphoric acids), blooming agents, thickening agents, viscosity improvers (e.g. alkyl methacrylate polymers or butene polymers) or auxiliary detergents and antiwear agents (e.g. alkaline earth phenates of higher alkyl phenols).ALSO:An additive for lubricating oils (see Group III) consists of a predominantly aliphatic or cycloaliphatic macromolecule which comprises up to 99,9% by weight of oil-solubilizing aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon groups and at least 0,1% by weight of one or more non-carboxylic-ester-linked polyglycol groups each having at least 5 alkylene oxide units with 2-7 carbon atoms in each alkylene oxide unit, said macromolecule having an average molecular weight of at least 50,000 and a solubility in the lubricating oil of at least 0,5% by weight. The additive may be a copolymer of (A) an oil-solubilizing olefin of 2-30 carbon atoms or a monomeric compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and containing a hydrocarbyl group of 4-30 aliphatic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms (e.g. an alkenyl ether, an alkenyl ester of a monocarboxylic acid or an ester of an unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acid), (B) a non-carboxylic-ester-linked polyglycol monomeric compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and a polyglycol group containing at least 5 alkylene oxide units in which each alkylene oxide unit has 2-7 carbon atoms and, optionally, (C) a monomeric polar compound having a polymerizable ethylenic linkage and a polar group (e.g. -COOH, -CONH2, -CONHROH or -CONHRNH2 where R is alkylene, carboxyl groups esterified with hydroxy- or amino-substituted alkyl groups, heterocyclic nitrogenous groups, epoxy groups and cyano groups). In monomer (B), the polyvalent linking group or atom between the group bearing the polymerizable ethylenic linkage and the polyglycol group may be -O-, -S-, or a carbonyl, sulphonyloxy, iminocarbonyl, ureylene, imino carbonyloxy, phosphonyloxy or imino group. Specific examples of monomers (B) are polyglycol amides of unsaturated mono- or di-carboxylic acids and vinyl or allyl monoethers of polyglycols. However, methods other than copolymerization may be used in preparing the macromolecular additive. In the examples, the preparation is described of (i) the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate and methacrylamide-initiated or allylamine-initiated polyethylene glycol, (ii) the copolymer of dodecyl methacrylate and polyethylene glycol monovinyl ether, (iii) the phosphonate product formed by reacting chlorophosphonylated polyisobutylene with the dodecyl mono-ether of polyethelene glycol and (iv) the sulphonate product formed by reacting chlorosulphonylated polyisobutylene with the dodecyl monoether of polyethylene glycol.

    Gamma ray polymerization of unsaturated esters
    9.
    发明授权
    Gamma ray polymerization of unsaturated esters 失效
    不饱和酯的γ射线聚合

    公开(公告)号：US2803598A

    公开(公告)日：1957-08-20

    申请号：US38665553

    申请日：1953-10-16

    申请人： EXXON RESEARCH ENGINEERING CO

    发明人： BLACK JAMES F ,  HOLLYDAY JR WILLIAM C

    IPC分类号： C08F2/46 ,  C08F2/54 ,  C08F20/12 ,  C08F20/18 ,  C08F22/14 ,  C10M145/02 ,  F02B3/06

    CPC分类号： C10M145/02 ,  C08F2/46 ,  C08F20/12 ,  C08F20/18 ,  C08F22/14 ,  C10M2203/10 ,  C10M2209/04 ,  C10M2209/06 ,  C10M2209/062 ,  C10M2209/082 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2209/086 ,  C10N2250/10 ,  F02B3/06

    摘要： Polymers and copolymers of unsaturated organic esters are produced by exposing the monomers to radioactive radiation of an intensity of at least 10,000 R/hr. for a period between 1/2 hour and 48 hours. The radiation may comprise gamma rays emitted by naturally occuring radioactive materials, fission by-products of nuclear reactions, or elements made radioactive by neutron radiation, or may comprise beta rays, alpha particles or high velocity electrons. The monomers may be irradiated in solution in an inert solvent such as a saturated hydrocarbon, carbon tetrachloride or dioxane. Preferred esters are those of low molecular weight unsaturated monobasic or dibasic acids having 3 to 20 carbon atoms per molecule with saturated or unsaturated straight chain or branched chain aliphatic or cyclic alcohols having 1 to 30 carbon atoms per molecule such as decyl methacrylate, the methacrylate, acrylate or fumarate of the mixture of saturated straight chain alcohols produced by the hydrogenation of cocoanut oil, the methacrylate of branched chain alcohols produced by oxonation of C7 to C12 olefins with carbon monoxide and hydrogen followed by catalytic hydrogenation, vinyl stearate, hexyl or octyl oleate, or the vinyl ester of mixed acids produced by the hydrolysis of cocoanut oil. Preferred copolymers are those of C8-C20 fumarates, maleates or itaconates with vinyl acetate, isopropenyl acetate, vinyl butyrate or the vinyl ester of cocoanut oil acids. The polymers of the invention may be used as additives to lubricating and lighter hydrocarbon oils, greases and paraffin wax.ALSO:Polymers and copolymers of unsaturated organic esters (see Group IV(a)) are produced by exposing the monomers to radioactive radiation of an intensity of at least 10,000 R/hr. for a period between 1/2 hour and 48 hours. The radiation may comprise gamma rays emitted by naturally occurring radioactive materials, fission by-products of nuclear reactions, or elements made radioactive by neutron radiation, or may comprise beta rays, alpha particles, or high velocity electrons. The monomers may be irradiated in solution in an inert solvent such as a saturated hydrocarbon, carbon tetrachloride or dioxane. The polymers and copolymers may be used as additives to paraffinic, naphthenic or mixed base lubricating oils, greases, paraffin wax, diesel fuel, domestic heating oil, mineral seal oil and kerosene, with or without other additives such as dyes, antioxidants, tackiness agents, pour depressors and viscosity index improvers.

    Stabilized hydrocarbon compositions
    10.
    发明授权
    Stabilized hydrocarbon compositions 失效
    稳定的烃组分

    公开(公告)号：US2800452A

    公开(公告)日：1957-07-23

    申请号：US44291854

    申请日：1954-07-12

    申请人： SHELL DEV

    发明人： BONDI ARNOLD A ,  NEWEY HERBERT A

    IPC分类号： C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/32 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F28/00 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/22 ,  C10L1/24 ,  C10L1/26 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10M151/02

    CPC分类号： C10L10/08 ,  C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/32 ,  C08F20/62 ,  C08F28/00 ,  C10L1/146 ,  C10L1/2362 ,  C10L1/2364 ,  C10L1/2366 ,  C10L1/2368 ,  C10L1/2468 ,  C10L1/2675 ,  C10L10/04 ,  C10M143/00 ,  C10M145/02 ,  C10M147/00 ,  C10M149/02 ,  C10M149/06 ,  C10M151/02 ,  C10M2201/083 ,  C10M2203/06 ,  C10M2203/10 ,  C10M2203/102 ,  C10M2205/00 ,  C10M2205/02 ,  C10M2205/026 ,  C10M2205/04 ,  C10M2205/22 ,  C10M2207/024 ,  C10M2207/026 ,  C10M2207/027 ,  C10M2207/282 ,  C10M2207/34 ,  C10M2207/40 ,  C10M2207/402 ,  C10M2207/404 ,  C10M2209/00 ,  C10M2209/02 ,  C10M2209/084 ,  C10M2209/10 ,  C10M2209/101 ,  C10M2209/103 ,  C10M2213/00 ,  C10M2213/02 ,  C10M2213/062 ,  C10M2215/04 ,  C10M2215/044 ,  C10M2215/10 ,  C10M2215/26 ,  C10M2217/00 ,  C10M2217/02 ,  C10M2217/022 ,  C10M2217/023 ,  C10M2217/024 ,  C10M2217/026 ,  C10M2217/028 ,  C10M2217/04 ,  C10M2217/044 ,  C10M2217/045 ,  C10M2217/046 ,  C10M2217/06 ,  C10M2219/044 ,  C10M2219/066 ,  C10M2219/082 ,  C10M2219/083 ,  C10M2219/086 ,  C10M2221/02 ,  C10M2221/04 ,  C10M2223/04 ,  C10M2223/041 ,  C10M2223/042 ,  C10M2223/045 ,  C10M2223/047 ,  C10M2223/065 ,  C10M2223/12 ,  C10M2225/00 ,  C10M2225/02 ,  C10M2225/04 ,  C10M2229/02 ,  C10M2229/041 ,  C10M2229/05 ,  C10N2210/02 ,  C10N2230/12 ,  C10N2240/201 ,  C10N2240/202 ,  C10N2240/40 ,  C10N2240/402 ,  C10N2240/403 ,  C10N2240/404 ,  C10N2240/405 ,  C10N2240/406 ,  C10N2240/407 ,  C10N2240/408 ,  C10N2240/409 ,  C10N2240/62 ,  C10N2250/10 ,  C08F220/00 ,  C08F222/10 ,  C08F20/12

    摘要： Oil-soluble polysubstituted long - chain alkanes, suitable for use as oil additives, contain attached to a plurality of the carbon atoms of the alkane chain a plurality of hydrolysis-resistant oil-solubilizing radicals, each containing an uninterrupted hydrocarbon group of at least 8 carbon atoms, a plurality of alkoxycarbonyl radicals and a plurality of N-substituted carbamyl or thiocarbamyl radicals wherein at least one of the substituents to the N-atom is a polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage, the ratio of the average number of alkoxycarbonyl plus N-substituted carbamyl radicals to the number of hydrolysis-resistant oil-solubilizing radicals is between 4 to 1 and 1.1 to 1 and at least 10 per cent but not more than 90 per cent of the total alkoxycarbonyl plus N-substituted carbamyl radicals are N-substituted carbamyl radicals. The polysubstituted alkanes, preferably of molecular weight between 2,000 and 150,000, are prepared by copolymerizing (1) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a single terminal ethylenic group and an uninterrupted chain of at least 10 carbon atoms; (2) an ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a lower alkanol; and (3) an N-substituted amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid wherein at least one of the substituents to the N-atom is a polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage. The monomer (1) is preferably a normal or branched chain a -olefine containing from 16 to 30 carbon atoms, e.g. n-hexadecene-1, n-octadecene-1, n-tricosene-1, and n-octacosene-1, which may be obtained by cracking paraffin waxes, or a vinyl ester, ether, or ketone and numbers of these compounds are listed. The esters (2) may be derived from mono- or poly-carboxylic acids, and esters of acrylic, methacrylic, chloroacrylic, a -isopropylacrylic, a -amylacrylic, a -cyclohexylacrylic, a - hexylacrylic, maleic, chloromaleic, hexylmaleic, itaconic, glutaconic, aconitric, 2-pentenedioic, and 3-octenedioic acids are listed. The amides (3) may be derived from the unsaturated acids mentioned under (2) and, attached to the nitrogen atom of the amide group, they may have polar groups which contain a non-metallic negative atom from Group V or VI of the Periodic Table. Examples of such amides are N-butanol, N-hexanol, and N - (3 - aminopropyl) - methacrylamide; N - (ethanol), N - (5 - carboxy - hexyl), N - morpholinoethyl, N - (dimethyl amino ethyl), N-(dimethylamino propyl), N-(6-mercapto-octyl), N - (6,6 - dihydroxyethyloctyl), N - (6 - cyanohexyl), N - (6 - hydroxyoctyl) - a - octyl and N - (6 - thiocyano - octyl) acrylamide; N,N-di - (6 - hydroxyoctyl) maleamide; N,N - di-(dimethylaminoethyl) itaconamide; and N,N-di - (mercaptobutyl) and N - (4 - hydroxyhexyl) butyl aconitamide. The monomers (2) and (3) may be reacted together first and the product e.g. N-(b -dimethylaminoethyl) acrylamide copolymerized with the alkene, e.g. n-octadecne-1. Additional polar groups may be introduced by conducting the polymerization in the presence of other polymerizable vinyl monomers, e.g. vinyl acetate, and such groups may be converted to hydroxyl groups by hydrolysis of the resulting copolymer. In an alternative and preferred method of preparation, the monomers (1) and (2) are first copolymerized and then treated with a primary or secondary amine, the N-atom of which bears at least one polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage. Amines are listed and a sufficient quantity is used to convert at least 10 per cent but not more than 90 per cent of the alkoxycarbonyl groups into N-substituted carbamyl radicals. In examples: (1) a copolymer of octadecene-1 and methyl acrylate is prepared and reacted; (2) with N,N-dimethylaminopropyleneamine; (3) with N,N-diethylaminopropyleneamine; or (4) with monoethanolamine; (5) a copolymer of vinyl stearate and methyl acrylate is prepared and reacted with N,N-dibutylpropane-1,3-diamine or aminoethyl morpholine; (6) a copolymer of n-hexadecene-1 and methyl methacrylate is reacted with 4-aminobutyl mercaptan, 1-cyano-5-aminopentane or 1-thio-5-aminopentane; (7) a copolymer of octadecene-1 and methyl acrylate is reacted with 4-amino-butyraldehyde; (8) 4-aminopentanamide; (9) 4-aminopentanoic acid or (10) N-hydroxyethylethylenediamine; and (11) a methyl a -octadecyl acrylatevinyl acetate copolymer is reacted with N-aminoethylmorpholine. The polysubstituted alkanes may be used in oil compositions in minor amounts, e.g. from 0.001 to 10 per cent as sludge preventives, detergents, antiwear agents and antioxidants. They may be used in natural lubricants, e.g. hydrocarbon oils, alone or blended with castor or lard oil, or in synthetic lubricants such as polymerized olefines, copolymers of alkylene glycols and oxides, organic esters of polybasic organic and inorganic acids, e.g. di-(2-ethylhexyl sebacate), dioctyl phthalate and trioctyl phosphate, polymeric tetrahydrofuran and polyalkyl silicone polymers, e.g. dimethyl silicone polymer. They may also be used in greases, fuels (e.g. gasoline, gas oil or burner fuel oil), and slushing, industrial, metal working, drawing, quenching, and textile oils. Other conventional additives such as antioxidants, detergents, pour point depressants, viscosity index improvers, blooming agents, corrosion inhibitors, oiliness agents and solubilizers may also be present. Examples of such conventional additives are given. Specification 714,178 and U.S.A. 2,639,227 are referred to.ALSO:Oil-soluble polysubstituted long chain alkanes, suitable for use as hydrocarbon oil additives, contain attached to a plurality of the carbon atoms of the alkane chain a plurality of hydrolysis-resistant oil solubilizing radicals, each containing an uninterrupted hydrocarbon group of at least 8 carbon atoms, a plurality of alkoxycarbonyl radicals and a plurality of N-substituted carbamyl or thiocarbamyl radicals wherein at least one of the substituents to the N-atom is a polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage, and the ratio of the average number of alkoxycarbonyl plus N-substituted carbamyl radicals to the number of hydrolysis-resistant oil solubilizing radicals is between 4 to 1 and 1.1 to 1 and at least 10 per cent but not more than 90 per cent of the total alkoxycarbonyl plus N-substituted carbamyl radicals being N-substituted carbamyl radicals. The alkanes preferably of molecular weight between 2,000 and 150,000 are prepared by copolymerizing (1) an ethylenically unsaturated monomer having a single terminal ethylenic group and an uninterrupted chain of at least 10 carbon atoms; (2) an ester of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid and a lower alkanol; and (3) an N-substituted amide of an unsaturated carboxylic acid wherein at least one of the substituents to the N-atom is a polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage. The monomer (1) is preferably a normal or branched chain a -olefine containing from 16 to 30 carbon atoms, e.g. n-hexadecene-1, n-octadecene-1, n-tricosene-1, and n-octacosene-1, which may be obtained by cracking paraffin waxes, or a vinyl ester, ether, or ketone and numbers of these compounds are listed. The esters (2) may be derived from mono- or polycarboxylic acids, and esters of acrylic, methacrylic, chloro-, a -isopropyl, a -amyl, a -cyclohexyl, a -hexylacrylic, maleic, chloromaleic, hexylmaleic, itaconic, glutaconic, aconitic, 2-pentandioic, 3-octenedioic acids are listed. The amides (3) may be derived from the unsaturated acids in (2) with functional groups which contain a non-metallic negative atom from Group V or VI of the Periodic Table, and examples are N-butanol, N-hexanol, and N-(3-aminopropyl)methacrylamide, N-(ethanol), N-(5-carboxyl-hexyl), N-morpholinoethyl, N-(dimethylaminoethyl), N-dimethylaminopropyl), N-(6-mercaptooctyl), N-(6,6-dihydroxyethyloctyl), N-(6-cyanohexyl), N-(6-hydroxyoctyl)-a -octyl and N-(6-thiocyanooctyl) acrylamides, N,N - di - (6 - hydroxyoctyl) maleamide, N,N-di-(dimethylaminoethyl) itaconamides, and N,N-di-(mercaptobutyl) and N-(4-hydroxyhexyl) butyl aconitamides. The reactants (2) and (3) may be copolymerized first and the product, e.g. N-(b -dimethylaminoethyl) acrylamide reacted with the alkene, e.g. n-octadecene-1, and additional polar groups incorporating other polymerizable monomers, e.g. vinyl acetate may be present and may be hydrolysed in the resulting copolymer. In an alternative and preferred method of preparation, the monomers (1) and (2) are first copolymerized and then treated with a primary or secondary amine, the N-atom of which bears at least one polar organic radical attached to the N-atom by an N-C linkage. The concentration of monomers is controlled so that the copolymers contain between 4 and 1.1, alkoxycarbonyl groups per unit derived from (1) by shortstopping the reaction or by adding monomers to maintain the concentration constant. The copolymers may be prepared in bulk, solution, or aqueous emulsion or suspension systems with catalysts such as hydrogen, benzoyl, lauroyl, and di-(t-butyl) peroxides, t-butyl hydroperoxides, 2,2-bis-(t-butyl peroxy) butane, t-butyl perlargonate sodium or potassium persulphates, percarbonate and peracetic acid, at an elevated temperature, under atmospheric, reduced or elevated pressures, and if desired in the absence of air. Chain transfer agents such as alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ethers, halogenated hydrocarbons, alcohols, aldehydes, ethers or organic acids, acid halides, esters of inorganic esters, and amines, cyanogen and nitro compounds, sulphur halides, benzene sulphonyl chloride, mercaptans and related organic sulphur compounds may be present. Amines are listed and a sufficient quantity is used to convert at least 10 per cent but not more than 90 per cent of the alkoxycarbonyl groups into N-substituted carbamyl radicals. The components are mixed alone, or in a mutual solv