摘要:
Mixed butenes from a cracking process, or raffmates of MTBE or tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), are simultaneously hydrated using water in the presence of a catalyst to produce sec-butyl alcohol (SBA) and tert-butyl alcohol as the principal products, the mixed butanols having utility as fuel additives, e.g., as oxygenates and octane enhancers to replace MTBE, and as a neat fuel.
摘要:
Oil compositions derived from transgenic soybeans having a high concentration of oleic acid are described for use in various applications including use to enhance the low temperature pour characteristics of engine fluids. Such oil compositions are useful as lubricants, rail curve grease and engine penetrants.
摘要:
Unleaded fuel compositions is provided which comprise: 15 to 20 volume % of one or more alkanols having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms; 20 to 75 volume % of one or more branched paraffins having from 5 to 10 carbon atoms; 0 to 25 volume % of one or more linear or branched olefins; 0 to 35 volume % of one or more mono-alkylated benzenes, The unleaded fuel composition increase engine efficiency or the brake specific fuel consumption of an engine when used.
摘要:
The invention relates to butanol compositions for fuel blending and fuel blends comprising such compositions. The compositions and fuel blends of the invention have desirable performance characteristics and can serve as alternatives to ethanol-containing fuel blends. The invention also relates to methods for producing such butanol compositions and fuel blends.
摘要:
Mineral oil compositions with trace portions of additives contain as additive a comb polymer containing ester linkages, either based on a) ethylene-vinylester copolymers modified by hydroxy groups or glycidyl groups with molecular mass weight averages from 3000 to 50000 and an ethylene portion of 50 to 90 mass %, and b) partially imidated and/or partially esterified maleic anhydride copolymers, wherein in the comb polymer based on a) and b) the modified ethylene-vinylester copolymer component is connected by means of ester linkages to the partially imidated and/or partially esterified maleic anhydride copolymer component, or a comb polymer containing ester linkages based on c) ethylene-vinylester copolymers modified by acid and/or acid anhydride groups with molecular mass weight averages from 3000 to 50000 and an ethylene portion of 50 to 90 mass %, and d) polyalcohols partially esterified with C12-C40-monocarboxylic acids wherein in the comb polymer based on c) and d) the ethylene-vinylester copolymer component modified by acid and/or acid anhydride groups is connected by means of ester linkages with the polyalcohol component partially esterified with C2-C40-monocarboxylic acids. The mineral oil compositions are suitable as flowable media to be transported at low temperatures and as mineral oil fuels with high lubricity and flowability.
摘要:
An additive composition comprises (A) an additive comprising a nitrogen-containing detergent, a fatty acid based friction modifier, or a mixture thereof and (B) a solid organic matrix material where the additive composition is a solid that melts in the range of about 25 to about 200° C. A method to enhance performance of a functional fluid, especially a fuel composition or power transmission fluid of a vehicle powered by an internal combustion engine, comprises adding a performance-enhancing amount of the additive composition to the functional fluid.
摘要:
A composition comprising a major proportion of an oil obtained from methyl esters of animal or vegetable material or both or derivatives thereof, or its mixtures with petroleum-based oils, in admixture with an ethylene-vinyl ester copolymer cold flow additive having at least 17 mole % vinyl ester units and containing 5 or more alkyl branches per 100 backbone methylenes. The copolymer improves the low temperature properties of the oil.
摘要:
A fuel composition exhibiting improved anti-static properties, comprises a liquid fuel which contains less than 500 parts per million by weight sulfur; 0.001 to 1 ppm of a hydrecarbyl monoamine or hydrocarbyl-substituted poly(alkylenieamine); and 10 to 500 ppm of at least one fatty acid containing 8 to 24 carbon atoms, or an ester thereof.
摘要:
Jet fuel compositions having good low temperature operability. The jet fuel compositions comprise a jet fuel and at least one of the following additives: (i) a copolymer of ethylene and at least one unsaturated ester selected from: vinyl esters having at least 5 carbon atoms, alkyl (meth)acrylates, di-alkyl fumarates and di-alkyl maleates; (ii) a copolymer of ethylene and alkene; (iii) a copolymer of ethylene and less than 15 mole percent of vinyl acetate; (iv) a nucleator; (v) a wax; (vi) a substantially branched alkyl phenol formaldehyde condensate; (vii) a comb polymer; and (viii) a polar nitrogen compound.
摘要:
Polymers (including copolymers) derived from one or more olefins, such including ethylene and C3-C20 &agr;-olefins such as propylene and 1-butene, which polymers have (a) an average ethylene sequence length, ESL, of from, about 1.0 to less than about 3.0; (b) an average of at least 5 branches per 100 carbon atoms of the polymer chains comprising the polymer; (c) at least about 50% of said branches being methyl and/or ethyl branches; (d) at least about 30% of said polymer chains terminated with a vinyl or vinylene group; (e) a number average molecular weight, Mn, of from about 300 to about 15,000 when the polymer is intended for dispersant or wax crystal modifier uses and up to about 500,000 where intended for viscosity modifier uses; and (f) substantial solubility in hydrocarbon and/or synthetic base oil. The polymers are produced using late-transition-metal catalyst systems and, preferably, inexpensive, highly dilute refinery or steam cracker feed streams that have undergone only limited clean-up steps. Fuel and lubricating oil additives, particularly dispersants, wax crystal modifiers and flow improvers, are produced. Where functionalization and derivatization of these polymers is required for such additives it is facilitated by the olefinic structures available in the polymer chains.