Abstract:
Provided herein are transition metal complexes that are useful in the acceptorless dehydrogenation of various substrates, including alkanes. Also provided are methods of dehydrogenating substrates to provide unsaturated products such as olefins.
Abstract:
Systems and methods are provided for processing a feed derived from a renewable source to form oligomerized compounds corresponding to waxes, ketone waxes, and/or lubricant boiling range compounds. The oligomerized compounds derived from the renewable source can have various novel properties relative to waxes and/or lubricant boiling range compounds derived from mineral sources or derived from renewable sources in a conventional manner. The oligomerized compounds can be derived from a renewable source including fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives, such as glycerides (including triglycerides) and fatty amides. Optionally but preferably, at least a portion of the fatty acids and/or fatty acid derivatives can include olefinic bonds.
Abstract:
The present disclosure provides ketone waxes, methods of forming ketone waxes, and compositions comprising ketone waxes. In at least one embodiment, a ketone wax is provided. The ketone wax includes about 50 wt % or greater C40-C90 ketone content; about 50 wt % or greater of the ketone wax has a boiling point of 961° F. or greater; and a paraffins content of less than about 10 wt %, as determined by 2-dimensional gas chromatography. In at least one embodiment, a method for forming a C40-C90 ketone wax includes exposing a feed stock to a basic catalyst under conditions suitable for coupling unsaturated carbon chains from the feed to form a composition including a ketone wax, oligomerizing the ketone wax to form a ketone wax having C40-C90 ketone wax, and distilling and/or extracting the oligomerized ketone wax to provide a C40-C90 ketone wax of the present disclosure.
Abstract:
Feeds containing triglycerides are processed to produce an olefinic diesel fuel product. The olefinic diesel can optionally be oligomerized to form a lubricant base oil product. The olefinic diesel is generated by deoxygenating the triglyceride-containing feed using processing conditions that enhance preservation of olefins that are present in the triglycerides. The triglyceride-containing feed is processed in the presence of a catalyst containing a Group VI metal or a Group VIII metal and optionally a physical promoter metal.
Abstract:
Provided are lube base stocks produced from renewable biological sources with improved low temperature properties. In one form, the lube base stock includes from 10 to 35 wt. % paraffins, 40 to 70 wt. % 1-ring naphthenes, and 0 to 40 wt. % combined 2-ring naphthenes and aromatics, and has a ratio of 1-ring naphthenes to paraffins from 1.8 to 5.0, and a Viscosity Index of from 100 to 160. The lube base stock has a 14C level ranging from 2 to 101% of the modern day 14C level in the atmosphere, and yields a CCS ratio (Cold Crank Simulator (CCS) viscosity to the predicted CCS viscosity by Walther equation) of less than or equal to 0.85 at −35° C. The base stocks are useful as in formulated lubricant compositions requiring improved low temperature properties.
Abstract:
Provided are processes for making hydrocarbons from renewable feed sources. In an embodiment, there is provided a method for co-producing lube basestock and transportation fuel from a feedstock of biological origin, the method including: a) converting a feedstock of biological origin to a ketone or a dimer acid in the presence of a first catalyst; and b) hydrogenating the ketone or the dimer acid to produce a hydrocarbon in the presence of a second catalyst comprising a hydrogenation catalyst and a hydrothermally stable binder.
Abstract:
Provided are lubricant compositions from renewable biological sources with improved properties and methods of making and using such compositions. In one form, the lubricant composition includes from 20 to 99.8 wt. % of a lube base stock produced from a renewable biological source and an effective amount of one or more lubricant additives. The lube base stock includes 10 to 35 wt. % paraffins, 40 to 70 wt. % 1-ring naphthenes, and 0 to 40 wt. % combined 2-ring naphthenes and aromatics, and has a ratio of 1-ring naphthenes to paraffins from 1.8 to 5.0, and a Viscosity Index of from 100 to 160. The lube base stock has a 14C level ranging from 2 to 101% of the modern day 14C level in the atmosphere, and yields a CCS ratio of less than or equal to 0.85 at −35° C. The lubricant compositions exhibit improved solvency and % thickening when blended with a viscosity modifier.
Abstract:
Processes and systems for producing olefin epoxides with three or more carbon atoms by oxidation of the corresponding branched hydrocarbons using oxygen are disclosed. An example process for producing olefin epoxides may include oxidizing a branched alkane to produce at least an organic hydroperoxide. The example process may further include epoxidizing a branched alkene by a catalytic reaction with least a portion of the organic hydroperoxide to produce at least an olefin epoxide and an alcohol. The example process may further include converting at least a portion of the alcohol to either additional branched alkane and/or additional branched alkene.
Abstract:
The application relates to processes and systems that use a furfural compound for producing five-membered carbocyclic rings that are unsaturated, such as cyclopentene and cyclopentadiene. Examples methods for conversion of furfural compounds may include converting a furfural compound to at least a five-membered, saturated carbocyclic ring, and converting the five-membered, saturated carbocyclic ring in a presence of a catalyst to at least a five-membered, unsaturated carbocyclic ring.
Abstract:
An integrated process for converting low-value paraffinic materials to high octane gasoline and high-cetane diesel light is disclosed. The process involves: (1) oxidation of an iso-paraffin to alkyl hydroperoxide and alcohol; (2) converting the alkyl hydroperoxide and alcohol to dialkyl peroxide; (3) converting low-octane, paraffinic gasoline molecules using the dialkyl peroxides as radical initiators, thereby forming high-cetane diesel, while the dialkyl peroxide is converted to an alcohol; (4) converting the alcohol to an olefin; and (5) alkylating the olefin with iso-butane to form high-octane alkylate. The net reaction is thus conversion of iso-paraffin to high-octane gasoline alkylate, and conversion of low-octane paraffinic gasoline to high-cetane diesel.