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公开(公告)号：USRE33230E
公开(公告)日：1990-06-12
申请号：US313533
申请日：1989-02-22
CPC分类号： F23C10/10 , B01J8/1818 , C10J3/482 , C10J3/56 , C10K1/02 , F23C10/005 , F23C10/20 , F23L9/00 , C10J2200/09 , C10J2300/0956 , C10J2300/1807 , F23C2206/101
摘要： A fluidized bed reactor (1) comprising a reactor chamber (4) having a gas distributor plate (5) for feeding primary air, and a space above said distributor plate (5) is divided into compartments (6) by means of partition walls (7) having discharge openings (9) for feeding secondary air to the circulating bed.
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公开(公告)号：US4753177A
公开(公告)日：1988-06-28
申请号：US44199
申请日：1987-04-30
CPC分类号： B01J8/1818 , F23C10/005 , F23C10/10 , F23C10/20 , F23L9/00 , F23C2206/101
摘要： A fluidized bed reactor (1) comprising a reactor chamber (4) having a gas distributor plate (5) for feeding primary air, and a space above said distributor plate (5) is divided into compartments (6) by means of partition walls (7) having discharge openings (9) for feeding secondary air to the circulating bed.
摘要翻译： 一种流化床反应器（1），其包括具有用于供给一次空气的气体分布板（5）和所述分配器板（5）上方的空间的反应器室（4），其通过分隔壁（6）被分隔成隔室（6） 7）具有用于将二次空气供给到循环床的排放口（9）。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5284498A
公开(公告)日：1994-02-08
申请号：US974414
申请日：1992-11-12
申请人： Charles M. Davis , Reijo Kuivalainen , Karukkampalayam M. Sellakumar , Folke Engstrom , Juhani Isaksson , Juha Tiensuu
发明人： Charles M. Davis , Reijo Kuivalainen , Karukkampalayam M. Sellakumar , Folke Engstrom , Juhani Isaksson , Juha Tiensuu
CPC分类号： B01D46/0068 , B01D46/0009 , B01D46/002 , B01D46/0043 , B01D46/2407 , B01D46/4263 , B01D2273/20
摘要： A filter assembly for high temperature gases, such as from a circulating fluidized bed reactor, mounts monolithic ceramic filter elements within an upright vessel so that as the hot gas flows from the top toward the bottom of the vessel the gas passes through the elements with the clean gas discharged through a side wall of the vessel. The particle discharge is provided at the bottom of the vessel. Filter supporting elements within the vessel are cooled by cooling fluid, and pulse cleaning elements are associated with each of the filter elements. Flow directing elements within the vessel typically define a generally conical or pyramidal shaped flow directing surface. The flow directing elements may be refractory material bodies, or funnel shaped thin elements (e.g. of metal capable of withstanding high temperature), and may be mounted so that small amounts of movement are possible to accommodate thermal contraction or expansion.
摘要翻译： 用于高温气体的过滤器组件，例如来自循环流化床反应器，将整体式陶瓷过滤器元件安装在直立容器内，使得当热气体从容器的顶部向底部流动时，气体通过该元件 通过容器侧壁排出的清洁气体。 颗粒放电设置在容器的底部。 容器内的过滤器支撑元件由冷却流体冷却，并且脉冲清洁元件与每个过滤器元件相关联。 容器内的导流元件通常限定一个大致圆锥形或锥形的流动导向表面。 导流元件可以是耐火材料体或漏斗形的薄元件（例如能耐受高温的金属），并且可以安装成使得少量的运动可以适应热收缩或膨胀。
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公开(公告)号：US4841884A
公开(公告)日：1989-06-27
申请号：US200683
申请日：1988-05-26
申请人： Folke Engstrom , Reijo Kuivalainen
发明人： Folke Engstrom , Reijo Kuivalainen
CPC分类号： F23C10/20 , B01J8/44 , Y10S239/19
摘要： In a fluidized bed reactor, nozzles are provided for distributing fluidizing gas from a windbox into the reactor while preventing the backflow of solid particles through the nozzle into the windbox. The nozzle defines an upper part of high heat and wear resistant material adapted to contact the mass of particles. At least one opening is defined in each nozzle through which fluidizing gas passes between the upper part and the windbox, and a solid, though porous, material abuts or defines the opening for allowing the passage of gas while preventing passage of solid particles. The nozzle may comprise a stand pipe having a sintered metal portion disposed below the upper part. Other constructions provide the solid mass as a metal wire mesh acid proof filter, or as a porous ceramic material, or as a high temperature ceramic material. The solid mass may have pores with a pore size of between about 50-1,000 micormeters. The solid mass may be defined by a pair of concentric adjacent porous ceramic tubes with different effective gas permeabilities. A horizontal solid metal ring may have openings in it, with the ring supported above the windbox so that gas can flow through the openings, the porous solid material sandwiched between the upper part and the ring.
摘要翻译： 在流化床反应器中，提供喷嘴以将来自风箱的流化气体分配到反应器中，同时防止固体颗粒通过喷嘴回流到风箱中。 喷嘴限定了适于接触颗粒物质的高耐热和耐磨材料的上部。 在每个喷嘴中限定了至少一个开口，流化气体通过该喷嘴在上部和风箱之间通过，并且固体，尽管多孔的材料邻接或限定了允许气体通过同时防止固体颗粒通过的开口。 喷嘴可以包括具有设置在上部下方的烧结金属部分的立管。 其他结构提供固体物质作为金属丝网防酸过滤器，或作为多孔陶瓷材料，或作为高温陶瓷材料。 固体物质可以具有孔径在约50-1000微米之间的孔。 固体质量可以由具有不同有效气体渗透性的一对同心相邻的多孔陶瓷管限定。 水平的实心金属环在其中可以具有开口，其中环被支撑在风箱上方，使得气体可以流过开口，多孔固体材料夹在上部和环之间。
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公开(公告)号：US4864944A
公开(公告)日：1989-09-12
申请号：US210717
申请日：1988-06-23
CPC分类号： B01J8/1818 , F23C10/005 , F23C10/10 , F23C10/20 , F23L9/00 , F23C2206/101
摘要： A fluidized bed reactor (1) comprising a reactor chamber (4) having a gas distributor plate (5) for feeding primary air, and space above said distributor plate (5) is divided into compartments (6) by means of partition walls (7) having discharge openings (9) for feeding secondary air to the circulating bed.
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公开(公告)号：US5531798A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-02
申请号：US249216
申请日：1994-05-26
申请人： Folke Engstrom , Juhani Isaksson
发明人： Folke Engstrom , Juhani Isaksson
CPC分类号： B01D46/2407 , B01D46/002 , B01D46/0068 , B01D46/46 , C10J3/482 , C10J3/56 , C10J3/84 , C10K1/024 , B01D2273/20 , C10J2300/093
摘要： In the filtering of high temperature (e.g. greater than 400.degree. C.) and high pressure (e.g. greater than 5 bar) gas--such as produced by pressurized fluidized bed combustion or gasification of coal--there is often a buildup of particles on the supporting elements for the filters, and on surrounding structures. This buildup of particles can damage the filter elements, or greatly reduce their effectiveness. This problem is avoided by periodically automatically cleaning the supporting and/or surrounding surfaces of the filters, as by directing high pressure gas streams at the supporting and/or surrounding surfaces. The filters may also be backflushed with compressed gas, as is conventional, at the same time as, or at different times than, when the supporting and/or surrounding structures are cleaned. Conduits with nozzles may be mounted directly on the supporting and/or surrounding surfaces and connected by a pipe with an automatically controlled valve to a source of high pressure fluid.
摘要翻译： 在过滤高温（例如大于400℃）和高压（例如大于5巴）的气体（例如通过加压流化床燃烧或煤气化产生）中，通常在支撑物上堆积颗粒 过滤器的元件和周围的结构。 这种颗粒的积聚可能会损坏过滤元件，或大大降低其效果。 通过周期性地自动清洁过滤器的支撑和/或周围表面来避免这个问题，如通过在支撑和/或周围表面处引导高压气体流。 过滤器也可以用压缩气体反冲洗，如常规的那样，在支撑和/或周围结构被清洁的同时或不同的时间。 带有喷嘴的管道可以直接安装在支撑和/或周围表面上，并通过具有自动控制阀的管道连接到高压流体源。
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公开(公告)号：US4771712A
公开(公告)日：1988-09-20
申请号：US65757
申请日：1987-06-24
申请人： Folke Engstrom , Erkki Kiiskila , Pekka Tormikoski
发明人： Folke Engstrom , Erkki Kiiskila , Pekka Tormikoski
CPC分类号： F23C10/10 , C10L9/10 , F23J7/00 , F23C2206/101
摘要： A method of burning solid fuel having low melting point alkaline compositions, such as alkali metal salts, particularly lignite and salty brown coal. The fuel is introduced into the reaction chamber of a circulating fluidized bed reactor, and is mixed prior to introduction to the reaction chamber with a reactant material capable of reacting with the low melting point alkaline compositions of the fuel to produce high melting point alkali metal compounds during combustion. The temperature in the reaction chamber is kept below the melting point of the formed alkali metal compounds. The reactant material comprises silica oxide or a metal oxide, or hydroxide, of the group consisting of aluminum, calcium, magnesium, iron, titanium, and mixtures of two or more thereof. Kaolin is particularly effective, especially when the molar ratio of Al/(Na and K) is at least 1.0.
摘要翻译： 一种燃烧具有低熔点碱性组合物的固体燃料的方法，例如碱金属盐，特别是褐煤和咸棕色煤。 将燃料引入循环流化床反应器的反应室中，并在与反应物料引入反应室之前混合，反应物料能够与燃料的低熔点碱性组合物反应以产生高熔点碱金属化合物 在燃烧过程中。 反应室中的温度保持低于形成的碱金属化合物的熔点。 反应物料包括氧化铝或金属氧化物或氢氧化物，它们由铝，钙，镁，铁，钛及其两种或多种的混合物组成。 高岭土特别有效，特别是当Al /（Na和K）的摩尔比至少为1.0时。
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公开(公告)号：US4732113A
公开(公告)日：1988-03-22
申请号：US23570
申请日：1987-03-09
申请人： Folke Engstrom
发明人： Folke Engstrom
IPC分类号： F23C10/24 , B04C3/02 , B04C5/20 , B04C9/00 , F22B31/00 , F23C10/08 , F23J3/04 , F23J15/02 , F22B1/00
CPC分类号： B04C3/02 , F22B31/0084 , F23C10/08 , F23J15/027 , F23C2206/101 , F23J2900/15026
摘要： A separator for separating solid particles from a hot gas stream comprises a cyclone chamber having an axial gas outlet conduit. The outlet conduit is formed by a plurality of cooling tubes defining between the tubes a plurality of passages for the gas. The outlet conduit is connected to an opening in one or both ends of the cyclone chamber. Solids are separated by centrifugal forces as the gas flows in a curved path in the cyclone chamber and by inertia forces as the gas changes direction to flow into the outlet conduit.
摘要翻译： 用于从热气流中分离固体颗粒的分离器包括具有轴向气体出口导管的旋风室。 出口导管由多个冷却管形成，冷却管在管之间限定用于气体的多个通道。 出口导管连接到旋风室的一端或两端的开口。 随着气体在旋风室中的弯曲路径中流动并且随着气体改变方向以流入出口导管的惯性力，固体被离心力分离。
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公开(公告)号：US4672918A
公开(公告)日：1987-06-16
申请号：US734716
申请日：1985-05-16
申请人： Folke Engstrom , Juha Sarkki
发明人： Folke Engstrom , Juha Sarkki
CPC分类号： B01J8/1809 , B01J8/005 , B01J8/388 , F22B31/0084 , F23C10/08 , B01J2208/00044 , F23C2206/101
摘要： A simple yet effective method and apparatus control the temperature within a fluidized bed reactor within a desired range (e.g. about 800.degree.-950.degree. C.). Particulate solids in the off-gases from the combustion chamber of the reactor are separated out, and pass through one or more of a plurality of return conduits back to the combustion chamber. The temperature of the returning solids is controlled by positively cooling them, utilizing heat exchangers, within one or more of the conduits, and by controlling which of the conduits the solids flow through. Valves at the top of the conduits can control the flow of solids into the conduits. Alternatively U-shaped passageways at the bottom of the conduits between them and the combustion chamber can have fluidizing air injected therein, the injected air controlling the flow of solids out of the conduits into the combustion chamber.
摘要翻译： 简单而有效的方法和装置将流化床反应器内的温度控制在所需范围内（例如约800-950℃）。 来自反应器的燃烧室的废气中的颗粒状固体被分离出来，并且通过多个返回导管中的一个或多个回到燃烧室。 回流固体的温度通过在一个或多个导管内利用热交换器进行正冷却来控制，并且通过控制固体流过哪个管道来控制。 导管顶部的阀门可以控制固体进入管道的流量。 或者在它们与燃烧室之间的导管底部的U形通道可以在其中注入流化空气，喷射的空气控制固体流出管道进入燃烧室。
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公开(公告)号：US4244779A
公开(公告)日：1981-01-13
申请号：US970457
申请日：1978-12-18
申请人： Jorma J. Nieminen , Folke Engstrom
发明人： Jorma J. Nieminen , Folke Engstrom
CPC分类号： D21C11/0092 , B01J8/32 , C02F11/12 , C10B49/16 , F23G2201/10 , F23G2203/501
摘要： A method of treating materials in a fluidized bed reactor, wherein the material to be treated is brought into contact with hot particles removed from the flue gases coming from the fluidized bed reactor to bring about chemical and/or thermal reactions in the material before it is introduced into the fluidized bed reactor together with recycled particles. Useful components may be recovered in the form of gases, solids or liquids in connection with this treatment.
摘要翻译： 一种在流化床反应器中处理材料的方法，其中待处理的材料与从流化床反应器的烟道气中除去的热颗粒接触，在材料之前引起化学和/或热反应 与再循环的颗粒一起引入流化床反应器。 有用的组分可以以与该处理相关的气体，固体或液体的形式回收。
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