公开(公告)号：US06310431B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-30

申请号：US09068483

申请日：1998-05-12

申请人： Graciela Beatriz Blanchet-Fincher ,  William Leo Holstein ,  Syed Ismat Ullah Shah ,  Shekhar Subramoney

发明人： Graciela Beatriz Blanchet-Fincher ,  William Leo Holstein ,  Syed Ismat Ullah Shah ,  Shekhar Subramoney

IPC分类号： H01J130

CPC分类号： H01J1/304 ,  H01J2201/30446

摘要： Annealed carbon soot is useful as an electron field emitter. Field emitting cathodes made up of annealed carbon soot attached to the surface of a substrate are also provided. The field emitters and field emitter cathodes are useful in vacuum electronic devices, flat panel computer and television displays, emission gate amplifiers, klystrons and lighting devices.

摘要翻译： 退火碳烟炭可用作电子场发射体。 还提供了由附着在基板表面上的退火碳烟组成的场发射阴极。 场发射极和场发射极阴极可用于真空电子设备，平板电脑和电视显示器，发射门放大器，速调管和照明装置。

公开(公告)号：US5948465A

公开(公告)日：1999-09-07

申请号：US68484

申请日：1998-05-12

申请人： Graciela Beatriz Blanchet-Fincher ,  William Leo Holstein ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Norman Herron

发明人： Graciela Beatriz Blanchet-Fincher ,  William Leo Holstein ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Norman Herron

IPC分类号： C01B31/02 ,  H01J1/30 ,  H01J1/304 ,  H01J9/02 ,  B05D5/12

CPC分类号： H01J9/025 ,  H01J2201/30457

摘要： A process for making a field emitter cathode is disclosed, which comprises the steps of depositing a solution of a metal compound in a solvent and an electron emitting powder onto the surface of a substrate and heating the substrate containing the solution and the electron emitting powder deposited thereon for a time and temperature sufficient for the metal compound to be completely reduced to a metal.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / US96 / 18145 Sec。 371日期：1998年5月12日 102（e）日期1998年5月12日PCT提交1996年11月13日PCT公布。 公开号WO97 / 18577 日期1997年5月22日公开了一种制造场发射体阴极的方法，其包括以下步骤：将金属化合物溶液和电子发射粉末沉积在基材表面上并加热含有溶液的基材和 电子发射粉末沉积在其上足以使金属化合物完全还原成金属的时间和温度。

公开(公告)号：US07074973B2

公开(公告)日：2006-07-11

申请号：US10523227

申请日：2003-08-21

申请人： Mario J. Nappa ,  Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Munirpallam A. Subramanian ,  Allen C. Sievert

发明人： Mario J. Nappa ,  Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Munirpallam A. Subramanian ,  Allen C. Sievert

IPC分类号： C07C17/00

CPC分类号： C07C17/206 ,  B01J23/864 ,  B01J35/002 ,  B01J37/0236 ,  B01J37/03 ,  B01J37/26 ,  C07C17/21 ,  Y02P20/582 ,  C07C19/08

摘要： A process for the preparation of pentafluoroethane is disclosed which involves contacting a mixture comprising hydrogen fluoride and at least one starting material selected from haloethanes of the formula CX3CHX2 and haloethanes of the formula CX2═CX2, where each X is independently selected from the group consisting of F and Cl (provided that no more than four of X are F), with a fluorination catalyst in a reaction zone to produce a product mixture comprising HF, HCl, pentafluoroethane, underfluorinated halogenated hydrocarbon intermediates and less than 0.2 mole percent chloropentafluoroethane based on the total moles of halogenated hydrocarbons in the product mixture. The process is characterized by the fluorination catalyst comprising (i) a crystalline cobalt-substituted alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 6 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by trivalent cobalt (Co+3) and/or (ii) a fluorinated crystalline oxide of (i).

摘要翻译： 公开了一种制备五氟乙烷的方法，其涉及将包含氟化氢和至少一种选自式CX 3 CHX 2 2的卤代乙烷的起始物质和 式CX 2 -CX 2 X，其中每个X独立地选自F和Cl（条件是不超过四个X为F），与 反应区中的氟化催化剂，以产生基于产物混合物中卤代烃总摩尔数的HF，HCl，五氟乙烷，过氟化卤代烃中间体和小于0.2摩尔％氯五氟乙烷的产物混合物。 该方法的特征在于氟化催化剂，其包含（i）结晶钴取代的α-氧化铬，其中α-氧化铬晶格中约0.05原子％至约6原子％的铬原子被三价钴（Co （ⅰ））和/或（ⅱ）氟化结晶氧化物。

公开(公告)号：US07678949B2

公开(公告)日：2010-03-16

申请号：US11988983

申请日：2006-08-04

申请人： Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Allen Capron Sievert ,  Shekhar Subramoney

发明人： Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Allen Capron Sievert ,  Shekhar Subramoney

IPC分类号： C07C17/00

CPC分类号： C07C21/18 ,  B01J23/868 ,  B01J37/26 ,  C07C17/21 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C17/25 ,  C07C19/10

摘要： A process for the manufacture of CF3CH═CHF and/or CF3CF═CH2 is disclosed. The process involves (a) reacting HF and chlorine and at least one halopropene of the formula CX3CCI═CCIX (where each X is independently F or Cl) to produce a product including both CF3CCI2CCIF2 and CF3CCIFCCI2F; (b) reacting CF3CCI2CCIF2 and CF3CCIFCCI2F produced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including both CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CHFCH2F; (c) dehydrofluorinating CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CHFCH2F produced in (b) to produce a product including both CF3CH═CHF and CF3CF═CH2; and (d) recovering CF3CH═CHF and/or CF3CF═CH2 from the product produced in (c). In (a), both CF3CCI2CCIF2 and CF3CCIFCCI2F are produced in the presence of a chlorofluorination catalyst consisting of (i) compositions comprising a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by copper, and (ii) compositions of (i) which have been treated with a fluorinating agent.

摘要翻译： 公开了制造CF 3 CH = CHF和/或CF 3 CF = CH 2的方法。 该方法包括（a）使HF和氯与至少一种式CX3CCI = CCIX的卤代丙烯（其中每个X独立地为F或Cl）反应以产生包含CF 3 CCl 2 CCIF 2和CF 3 CClFCCI 2 F的产物; （b）使（a）中制备的CF 3 CCl 2 CCIF 2和CF 3 CClFCCI 2 F与氢反应以产生包含CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2和CF 3 CHFCH 2 F的产物; （c）在（b）中制备的CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2和CF 3 CHFCH 2 F脱氟化氟化产生包括CF 3 CH = CHF和CF 3 CF = CH 2的产物; 和（d）从（c）中制备的产物中回收CF 3 CH = CHF和/或CF 3CF≡CH2。 在（a）中，CF3CCI2CCIF2和CF3CCIFCCI2F都是在氯氟化催化剂存在下制备的，所述氯氟化催化剂由（i）包含结晶α-氧化铬的组合物组成，其中至少0.05原子％的α-氧化铬晶格中的铬原子被替换 和（ii）已经用氟化剂处理的（i）的组合物。

公开(公告)号：US07659435B2

公开(公告)日：2010-02-09

申请号：US11988200

申请日：2006-08-04

申请人： Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Allen Capron Sievert ,  Shekhar Subramoney

发明人： Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Allen Capron Sievert ,  Shekhar Subramoney

IPC分类号： C07C17/00 ,  C07C17/10

CPC分类号： B01J23/868 ,  B01J37/0009 ,  B01J37/03 ,  B01J37/26 ,  C07C17/21 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C19/08 ,  C08J9/146 ,  C07C19/10

摘要： A process is disclosed for the manufacture of CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CHFCH2F. The process involves (a) reacting hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, and at least one halopropene of the formula CX3CCl═CClX (where each X is independently F or Cl) to produce a product including both CF3CCl2CClF2 and CF3CClFCCl2F; (b) reacting CF3CCl2CClF2 and CF3CClFCCl2F produced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including both CF3CH2CHF2, and CF3CHFCH2F; and (c) recovering CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CHFCH2F from the product produced in (b). In (a), the CF3CCl2CF3 and CF3CClFCClF2 are produced in the presence of a chlorofluorination catalyst including (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by divalent copper, and/or (ii) a chromium-containing composition of (i) which has been treated with a fluorinating agent.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于制造CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2和CF 3 CHFCH 2 F的方法。 该方法包括（a）使氟化氢，氯和至少一种式CX3CCl-CClX（其中每个X独立地为F或Cl）的卤代丙烯反应以产生包含CF 3 CCl 2 CClF 2和CF 3 CClFCCl 2 F的产物; （b）使（a）中制备的CF 3 CCl 2 CClF 2和CF 3 CClFCCl 2 F与氢反应，生成包含CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2和CF 3 CHFCH 2 F的产物; 和（c）从（b）中制备的产物中回收CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2和CF 3 CHFCH 2 F。 在（a）中，CF 3 CCl 2 CF 3和CF 3 CClFCClF 2在氯氟化催化剂的存在下制备，包括（i）结晶α-氧化铬，其中至少0.05原子％的α-氧化铬晶格中的铬原子被二价铜 ，和/或（ⅱ）已经用氟化剂处理的（ⅰ）的含铬组合物。

公开(公告)号：US20090124836A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-14

申请号：US11988200

申请日：2006-08-04

申请人： Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Allen Capron Sievert ,  Shekhar Subramoney

发明人： Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Allen Capron Sievert ,  Shekhar Subramoney

IPC分类号： C07C17/20 ,  C07C19/08

CPC分类号： B01J23/868 ,  B01J37/0009 ,  B01J37/03 ,  B01J37/26 ,  C07C17/21 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C19/08 ,  C08J9/146 ,  C07C19/10

摘要： A process is disclosed for the manufacture of CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CHFCH2F. The process involves (a) reacting hydrogen fluoride, chlorine, and at least one halopropene of the formula CX3CCI═CCIX (where each X is independently F or CI) to produce a product including both CF3CCI2CCIF2 and CF3CCIFCCI2F; (b) reacting CF3CCI2CCIF2 and CF3CCIFCCI2F produced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including both CF3CH2CHF2, and CF3CHFCH2F; and (c) recovering CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CHFCH2F from the product produced in (b). In (a), the CF3CCI2CF3 and CF3CCIFCCIF2 are produced in the presence of a chlorofluorination catalyst including (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by divalent copper, and/or (ii) a chromium-containing composition of (i) which has been treated with a fluorinating agent.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于制造CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2和CF 3 CHFCH 2 F的方法。 该方法包括（a）使氟化氢，氯和至少一种式CX3CCI-CCIX（其中每个X独立地为F或Cl）的卤代丙烯反应以产生包含CF 3 CCl 2 CCIF 2和CF 3 CClFCCI 2 F的产物; （b）使（a）中制备的CF 3 CCl 2 CCIF 2和CF 3 CClFCCI 2 F与氢反应以产生包含CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2和CF 3 CHFCH 2 F的产物; 和（c）从（b）中制备的产物中回收CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2和CF 3 CHFCH 2 F。 在（a）中，CF 3 CCl 2 CF 3和CF 3 CClFCCIF 2在氯氟化催化剂存在下制备，包括（i）α-氧化铬晶格中至少0.05原子％的铬原子被二价铜取代的结晶α-氧化铬 ，和/或（ⅱ）已经用氟化剂处理的（ⅰ）的含铬组合物。

公开(公告)号：US20090118554A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-07

申请号：US11988983

申请日：2006-08-04

申请人： Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Allen Capron Sievert ,  Shekhar Subramoney

发明人： Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Allen Capron Sievert ,  Shekhar Subramoney

IPC分类号： C07C17/21

CPC分类号： C07C21/18 ,  B01J23/868 ,  B01J37/26 ,  C07C17/21 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C17/25 ,  C07C19/10

摘要： A process for the manufacture of CF3CH═CHF and/or CF3CF═CH2 is disclosed. The process involves (a) reacting HF and chlorine and at least one halopropene of the formula CX3CCI═CCIX (where each X is independently F or Cl) to produce a product including both CF3CCI2CCIF2 and CF3CCIFCCI2F; (b) reacting CF3CCI2CCIF2 and CF3CCIFCCI2F produced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including both CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CHFCH2F; (c) dehydrofluorinating CF3CH2CHF2 and CF3CHFCH2F produced in (b) to produce a product including both CF3CH═CHF and CF3CF═CH2; and (d) recovering CF3CH═CHF and/or CF3CF═CH2 from the product produced in (c). In (a), both CF3CCI2CCIF2 and CF3CCIFCCI2F are produced in the presence of a chlorofluorination catalyst consisting of (i) compositions comprising a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by copper, and (ii) compositions of (i) which have been treated with a fluorinating agent.

摘要翻译： 公开了制备CF 3 CH-CHF和/或CF 3 CF-CH 2的方法。 该方法包括（a）使HF和氯以及至少一种式CX3CCI-CCIX（其中每个X独立地为F或Cl）的卤代丙烯反应，以产生包含CF 3 CCl 2 CCIF 2和CF 3 CClFCCI 2 F的产物; （b）使（a）中制备的CF 3 CCl 2 CCIF 2和CF 3 CClFCCI 2 F与氢反应以产生包含CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2和CF 3 CHFCH 2 F的产物; （c）在（b）中制备的CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2和CF 3 CHFCH 2 F脱氟化氢，制得包含CF 3 CH-CHF和CF 3 CF-CH 2的产物; 和（d）从（c）中制备的产物中回收CF 3 CH-CHF和/或CF 3 CF-CH 2。 在（a）中，CF3CCI2CCIF2和CF3CCIFCCI2F都是在氯氟化催化剂存在下制备的，所述氯氟化催化剂由（i）包含α-氧化铬晶格中的至少0.05原子％的铬原子的结晶α-氧化铬的组合物组成 和（ii）已经用氟化剂处理的（i）的组合物。

公开(公告)号：US07504358B2

公开(公告)日：2009-03-17

申请号：US10523226

申请日：2003-08-21

申请人： Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Allen C. Sievert ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Munirpallam Appadorai Subramanian

发明人： Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Allen C. Sievert ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Munirpallam Appadorai Subramanian

IPC分类号： B01J23/00 ,  C07C19/08 ,  C07C21/00

CPC分类号： C07C17/37 ,  B01J23/26 ,  B01J23/866 ,  B01J35/0013 ,  B01J35/002 ,  B01J35/006 ,  B01J35/023 ,  B01J35/1014 ,  B01J37/0236 ,  B01J37/03 ,  C07C17/08 ,  C07C17/10 ,  C07C17/206 ,  C07C17/21 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C17/25 ,  C07C17/358 ,  C07C19/10

摘要： A crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where from about 0.05 atom % to about 2 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are substituted by nickel atoms, and optionally, additional chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are substituted by trivalent cobalt atoms (provided that the total amount of the nickel atoms and the trivalent cobalt atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice is no more than 6 atom %) is disclosed. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising as a chromium-containing component the crystalline substituted alpha-chromium oxide; and a method for preparing a composition comprising the crystalline substituted alpha-chromium oxide. The method comprises (a) co-precipitating a solid by adding ammonium hydroxide to an aqueous solution of a soluble divalent nickel salt, a soluble trivalent chromium salt, and optionally, a soluble divalent or trivalent cobalt salt, that contains at least three moles of nitrate per mole of chromium in the solution, has a nickel concentration of from about 0.05 mole % to about 2 mole % of the total of nickel, chromium, and cobalt in the solution, and has a combined concentration of nickel and cobalt of no more than 6 mole % of the total of nickel, chromium, and cobalt in the solution; and after at least three moles of ammonium per mole of chromium has been added to the solution; (b) collecting the co-precipitated solid formed in (a); (c) drying the collected solid; and (d) calcining the dried solid. Also disclosed is a chromium-containing catalyst composition comprising a chromium-containing component prepared by treating said crystalline substituted alpha-chromium oxide with a fluorinating agent; and a process for changing the fluorine distribution (i.e., content and/or arrangement) in a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon in the presence of a catalyst. The process involves using as the catalyst a composition comprising the crystalline substituted alpha-chromium oxide and/or the treated substituted alpha-chromium oxide.

公开(公告)号：US20090043138A1

公开(公告)日：2009-02-12

申请号：US11988259

申请日：2006-08-04

申请人： Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Allen Capron Sievert ,  Shekhar Subramoney

发明人： Velliyur Nott Mallikarjuna Rao ,  H. David Rosenfeld ,  Allen Capron Sievert ,  Shekhar Subramoney

IPC分类号： C07C17/23

CPC分类号： B01J23/868 ,  B01J37/0009 ,  B01J37/03 ,  B01J37/26 ,  C07C17/206 ,  C07C17/21 ,  C07C17/23 ,  C07C17/25 ,  C07C17/354 ,  C07C19/08 ,  C07C21/18 ,  C07C19/10

摘要： A process for the manufacture of CF3CH═CHF and/or CF3CH═CF2 is disclosed. The process involves involves (a) reacting HF and at least one halopropene of the formula CX3CCI═CCIX (where each X is independently F or CI) to produce a product including both CF3CCI═CF2 and CF3CHCICF3; (b) reacting CF3CCI═CF2 and/or CF3CHCICF3 produced in (a) with hydrogen to produce a product including CF3CH2CHF2 and/or CF3CH2CF3; (c) dehydrofluorinating CF3CH2CHF2 and/or CF3CH2CF3 produced in (b) to produce a product comprising CF3CH═CHF and/or CF3CH═CF2; and (d) recovering CF3CH═CHF and/or CF3CH═CF2 from the product produced in (c). In (a), the CF3CCI═CF2 and CF3CHCICF3 are produced in the presence of a fluorination catalyst comprising at least one chromium-containing component selected from (i) a crystalline alpha-chromium oxide where at least 0.05 atom % of the chromium atoms in the alpha-chromium oxide lattice are replaced by divalent copper, and (ii) a chromium-containing composition of (i) which has been treated with a fluorinating agent.

摘要翻译： 公开了制造CF 3 CH-CHF和/或CF 3 CH-CF 2的方法。 该方法涉及（a）使HF和至少一种式CX3CCI-CCIX的卤代丙烯（其中每个X独立地为F或Cl）反应以产生包含CF 3 CCl-CF 2和CF 3 CHCICF 3的产物; （b）使（a）中制备的CF 3 CCl-CF 2和/或CF 3 CHCICF 3与氢反应以产生包含CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2和/或CF 3 CH 2 CF 3的产物; （c）在（b）中制备的CF 3 CH 2 CHF 2和/或CF 3 CH 2 CF 3脱氟化氢以产生包含CF 3 CH-CHF和/或CF 3 CH-CF 2的产物; 和（d）从（c）中制备的产物中回收CF 3 CH-CHF和/或CF 3 CH-CF 2。 在（a）中，CF 3 CCl-CF 2和CF 3 CHCICF 3在含有至少一种含铬组分的氟​​化催化剂的存在下制备，所述含铬组分选自（i）结晶α-氧化铬，其中至少0.05原子％ 所述α-氧化铬晶格被二价铜取代，和（ii）已经用氟化剂处理的（i）的含铬组合物。

公开(公告)号：US20080032052A1

公开(公告)日：2008-02-07

申请号：US11888382

申请日：2007-08-01

申请人： Kostantinos Kourtakis ,  Mark McKeever ,  Paul Bekiarian ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Maria Petrucci-Samija

发明人： Kostantinos Kourtakis ,  Mark McKeever ,  Paul Bekiarian ,  Shekhar Subramoney ,  Maria Petrucci-Samija

IPC分类号： C08L27/12 ,  B05D3/00 ,  C08K3/36

CPC分类号： G02B1/118 ,  C08K5/0025 ,  C08K5/5425 ,  G02B1/11 ,  C08L27/12

摘要： A low refractive index composition is provided comprising the reaction product of: a fluoroelastomer having at least one cure site; a multiolefinic crosslinker; an oxysilane having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of acryloyloxy and methacryloyloxy, and at least one of a hydrolysis and condensation product of the oxysilane; a free radical polymerization initiator; and a plurality of solid nanosilica particles having at least about 20% but less than 100% of reactive silanols functionalized with an unreactive substituent. The present invention further provides a liquid mixture for forming a low refractive index composition, an article including a substrate having an anti-reflective coating, and a method for forming an anti-reflective coating on a substrate.

摘要翻译： 提供了低折射率组合物，其包含以下反应产物：具有至少一个固化位点的含氟弹性体; 多烯烃交联剂; 具有至少一个选自丙烯酰氧基和甲基丙烯酰氧基的官能团的氧基硅烷，以及所述氧化硅烷的水解和缩合产物中的至少一种; 自由基聚合引发剂; 和多个具有至少约20％但小于100％的用非反应性取代基官能化的活性硅烷醇的固体纳米二氧化硅颗粒。 本发明还提供了一种用于形成低折射率组合物的液体混合物，包括具有抗反射涂层的基材的制品，以及在基材上形成抗反射涂层的方法。