公开(公告)号：US06989785B2

公开(公告)日：2006-01-24

申请号：US10679572

申请日：2003-10-06

申请人： Daniel F. Sievenpiper ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Hui-Pin Hsu ,  Robert M. Riley, Jr. ,  Gary J. Hanselman

发明人： Daniel F. Sievenpiper ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Hui-Pin Hsu ,  Robert M. Riley, Jr. ,  Gary J. Hanselman

IPC分类号： G01S7/28

CPC分类号： H01Q1/3233 ,  H01Q21/30 ,  H01Q23/00

摘要： A low-profile multi-band antenna module includes first and second antennas that transmit first and second radio frequency (RF) signals in a first and second RF band, respectively. A first RF multiplexer combines the first and second RF signals for transmission. The first antenna, second antenna, and first RF multiplexer are arranged on a panel. A transmission line communicates with the first RF multiplexer and transmits the first and second RF signals. A second RF multiplexer communicates with the transmission line and separates the first and second RF signals. At least one of the antennas communicates with an amplifier. The transmission line supplies direct current (DC) power to the amplifier. The first and second antenna are arranged on the panel in an orientation that minimizes electrical interference between the first and second antenna. A combination of the first and second antenna minimizes interference between the first and second RF band.

摘要翻译： 低调多频带天线模块包括分别在第一和第二RF频带中发射第一和第二射频（RF）信号的第一和第二天线。 第一RF多路复用器组合用于传输的第一和第二RF信号。 第一天线，第二天线和第一RF多路复用器布置在面板上。 传输线与第一RF多路复用器通信，并发送第一和第二RF信号。 第二RF多路复用器与传输线通信并分离第一和第二RF信号。 至少一个天线与放大器通信。 传输线为放大器提供直流（DC）电源。 第一和第二天线以最小化第一和第二天线之间的电气干扰的方向布置在面板上。 第一和第二天线的组合使得第一和第二RF频带之间的干扰最小化。

公开(公告)号：US5677697A

公开(公告)日：1997-10-14

申请号：US608589

申请日：1996-02-28

申请人： J. J. Lee ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

发明人： J. J. Lee ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

IPC分类号： G02B3/00 ,  G01S7/03 ,  G01S7/282 ,  G01S13/42 ,  H01Q3/26 ,  H01Q15/00 ,  H01Q15/02 ,  H01Q19/00 ,  H01Q25/00 ,  H04B10/00 ,  H01Q3/22

CPC分类号： G01S7/282 ,  H01Q15/02 ,  H01Q25/008 ,  H01Q3/2676 ,  G01S13/426 ,  G01S7/032

摘要： An optical heterodyne system provides the radiation source and beam scan control of a millimeter wave (MMW) array antenna. The heterodyne system is an optical feed system to produce the MMW by mixing the optical outputs from two lasers, distribute the signal source to an array of radiating elements through a Rotman lens and optical fibers, generate the differential phase shift for beam scan in the optical domain, change the beam direction by switching the input laser being used to illuminate the Rotman lens or by varying the frequency of one of the laser sources. The feed system includes a plurality n-1 lasers spaced along the transmit side of the lens, and a center laser disposed on the center axis of the transmit side. A l:n switch receives a command input to determine which of the n-1 lasers will operate. The beat frequency between the center laser operating frequency and that of the n-1 lasers is the MMW frequency. N optical receive elements are spaced along the output side of the Rotman lens and are connected to a corresponding photodetector by equal length optical fibers. The output of each photodetector is amplified and fed to a corresponding radiating element. The system also operates in a corresponding receive mode.

摘要翻译： 光学外差系统提供毫米波（MMW）阵列天线的辐射源和波束扫描控制。 外差系统是通过混合来自两个激光器的光输出来产生MMW的光学馈送系统，通过Rotman透镜和光纤将信号源分布到辐射元件阵列，在光学器件中产生用于光束扫描的差分相移 通过切换用于照亮Rotman透镜的输入激光器或通过改变其中一个激光源的频率来改变光束方向。 馈送系统包括沿着透镜的发射侧间隔开的多个n-1个激光器，以及设置在发射侧的中心轴上的中心激光器。 l：n开关接收命令输入，以确定n-1激光器中的哪一个将工作。 中心激光器工作频率与n-1激光器之间的拍频是MMW频率。 N个光接收元件沿着Rotman透镜的输出侧间隔开，并且通过相等长度的光纤连接到相应的光电检测器。 每个光电检测器的输出被放大并馈送到相应的辐射元件。 该系统还以相应的接收模式工作。

公开(公告)号：US5400162A

公开(公告)日：1995-03-21

申请号：US145949

申请日：1993-10-29

申请人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Richard C. Lind ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Huan W. Yen ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Jar J. Lee ,  Andrew A. Walston ,  Michael Wechsberg

发明人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Richard C. Lind ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Huan W. Yen ,  Willie W. Ng ,  Jar J. Lee ,  Andrew A. Walston ,  Michael Wechsberg

IPC分类号： G02B6/42 ,  G02B6/28 ,  H01Q3/26 ,  H04B10/02 ,  H04Q11/00 ,  H04J14/00

CPC分类号： H04Q11/0003 ,  H01Q3/2676 ,  G02B6/2861 ,  H04Q2011/0015 ,  H04Q2011/002 ,  H04Q2011/0039

摘要： Optoelectronic switching apparatus employing optoelectronic switching devices interconnected by optical media having different delay lengths and an multiport optical coupler. The optoelectronic switching apparatus provides for a multibit true-time-delay beamsteerer for beamsteering phased array antennas. The present invention combines two types of optoelectronic devices, lasers and photodiode switches, using an interconnected passive optical network comprising the optical fibers and the optical coupler. The switches, and input and output signal networks coupled to the respective switches, are controlled using a control signal generator. Using this scheme, any input can be independently selected and a signal can be routed to any output. Furthermore, the product of the total number of different interconnect paths (N.times.M) is provided which provides a greater number of delay lengths than is provided by using only one type of switch (i.e. laser (N) or photodiode (M)) alone. The present invention also provides for improved insertion loss while increasing the number of delay paths.

摘要翻译： 使用通过具有不同延迟长度的光学介质互连的光电开关装置的光电开关装置和多端口光耦合器。 光电开关装置提供用于波束导向相控阵天线的多位真实时间延迟波束整形器。 本发明使用包括光纤和光耦合器的互连无源光网络结合了两种类型的光电子器件，激光器和光电二极管开关。 耦合到相应开关的开关以及输入和输出信号网络使用控制信号发生器进行控制。 使用此方案，可以独立选择任何输入，并将信号路由到任何输出。 此外，提供了不同的互连路径（NxM）的总数的乘积，其提供比仅通过仅使用一种类型的开关（即，激光（N）或光电二极管（M））提供的更多数量的延迟长度。 本发明还提供了增加插入损耗的同时增加延迟路径的数量。

公开(公告)号：US5283687A

公开(公告)日：1994-02-01

申请号：US929193

申请日：1992-10-01

申请人： Hai-Pin Hsu ,  Ronald B. Chesler ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

发明人： Hai-Pin Hsu ,  Ronald B. Chesler ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

IPC分类号： G02B6/00 ,  G02F1/35 ,  H01S3/06 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/094 ,  H01S3/0941 ,  H01S3/10 ,  H04B10/16 ,  H04B10/17 ,  H04B10/20 ,  H04B10/24

CPC分类号： H04B10/2912 ,  H01S3/06704 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/0941 ,  H04B10/291 ,  H04B10/2971 ,  H01S3/06787 ,  H01S3/094003

摘要： A bidirectional optical fiber (12) amplifier suitable for use in a dual payout fiber-optic communication link (10) is disclosed herein. The inventive amplifier (12) is typically encasted in a shell or service loop, and is preferably connected between first and second optical fiber segments (18 and 20). The amplifier (12) includes a pump laser (102) for generating optical energy of a first wavelength. A wavelength selective optical coupler (82), in optical communication with the first fiber segment (18) and the pump laser (102), combines optical energy propagating through the first fiber segment (18) with the optical output of the pump laser (102). The amplifier (12) of the present invention further includes a doped optical fiber (114), optically connected between the wavelength selective optical coupler (82) and the second optical fiber segment (20), for amplifying optical energy within a predetermined wavelength spectrum passing therethrough. The inventive amplifier (12) may be advantageously employed within certain fiber-optic communication links in order to enhance optical signal strength.

摘要翻译： 本文公开了适用于双支付光纤通信链路（10）的双向光纤（12）放大器。 本发明的放大器（12）通常被加工成壳或服务回路，并且优选地连接在第一和第二光纤段（18和20）之间。 放大器（12）包括用于产生第一波长的光能的泵激光器（102）。 与第一光纤段（18）和泵浦激光器（102）光学通信的波长选择光耦合器（82）将通过第一光纤段（18）传播的光能与泵激光器（102）的光输出相结合 ）。 本发明的放大器（12）还包括光学连接在波长选择光耦合器（82）和第二光纤段（20）之间的掺杂光纤（114），用于放大经过预定波长光谱的光能 通过。 本发明的放大器（12）可以有利地用于某些光纤通信链路中，以便增强光信号强度。

公开(公告)号：US4847053A

公开(公告)日：1989-07-11

申请号：US046015

申请日：1987-05-05

申请人： Antonio Pastor ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

发明人： Antonio Pastor ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

IPC分类号： C30B15/00

CPC分类号： C30B15/00 ,  C30B29/54 ,  C30B29/60 ,  Y10S117/90 ,  Y10T117/102

摘要： Fine single crystals of low-melting point materials are prepared by slowly withdrawing a glass crystal growth capillary tube containing the material from a heating apparatus which precisely maintains the molten material at a temperature just above its melting point. Temperature control of the molten material in the crystal growth tube, prior to solidification, is attained by enclosing the crystal growth tube in a temperature control tube containing the molten material being solidified. Preferably, the inside diameter of the temperature control tube is slightly larger than the outside diameter of the crystal growth tube, and both tubes reach into a reservoir of the molten material to be grown as a crystal, so that the molten material is drawn upwardly into the crystal growth tube and the space between the crystal growth tube and the temperature control tube by capillary action.

摘要翻译： 低熔点材料的细晶体通过从加热装置中缓慢抽出含有材料的玻璃晶体生长毛细管来制备，该加热装置精确地将熔融材料保持在高于其熔点的温度。 在凝固之前，晶体生长管中的熔融材料的温度控制通过将晶体生长管封闭在含有熔融材料固化的温度控制管中来实现。 优选地，温度控制管的内径稍微大于晶体生长管的外径，并且两个管到达要作为晶体生长的熔融材料的储存器中，使得熔融材料向上拉入 晶体生长管和通过毛细作用在晶体生长管和温度控制管之间的空间。

公开(公告)号：US06441792B1

公开(公告)日：2002-08-27

申请号：US09905757

申请日：2001-07-13

申请人： Daniel F. Sievenpiper ,  Hui-Pin Hsu ,  James H. Schaffner ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

发明人： Daniel F. Sievenpiper ,  Hui-Pin Hsu ,  James H. Schaffner ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

IPC分类号： H01Q132

CPC分类号： H01Q15/008 ,  H01Q1/3275 ,  H01Q1/521 ,  H01Q9/0407 ,  H01Q21/30

摘要： A method of integrating a thin antenna module into a vehicle is disclosed. The thin antenna module comprises a high impedance surface with at least one antenna element disposed thereon. The method includes the steps of inserting the thin antenna module between a conductive layer and a dielectric layer located above a passenger compartment of said vehicle, and connecting at least one antenna element disposed on the high impedance surface to a receiver in said vehicle.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种将薄天线模块集成到车辆中的方法。 薄天线模块包括高阻抗表面，其上布置有至少一个天线元件。 该方法包括以下步骤：将薄天线模块插入到位于所述车辆的乘客舱上方的导电层和电介质层之间，并且将设置在高阻抗表面上的至少一个天线元件连接到所述车辆中的接收器。

公开(公告)号：US5859611A

公开(公告)日：1999-01-12

申请号：US803963

申请日：1997-02-21

申请人： Juan F. Lam ,  Ronald R. Stephens ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

发明人： Juan F. Lam ,  Ronald R. Stephens ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

IPC分类号： H01Q3/22 ,  H01Q3/26 ,  H04B10/17 ,  G02F1/03

CPC分类号： H04B10/2914 ,  H01Q3/22 ,  H01Q3/2676

摘要： Mixing and modulating methods are described for nonlinear optical amplifiers (30) which can generate intermodulation products of radio-frequency signals in an optical carrier signal (26) without the penalty of an optical conversion loss and without the need for radio-frequency mixers, electro-optic modulators and expensive polarization-maintaining optical fibers. The radio-frequency signals can be applied to either a bias port (36) or an optical input port (32) of the optical amplifier and are used to upconvert and downconvert signals in phased-array antenna and remote antenna embodiments of the invention.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于非光学放大器（30）的混合和调制方法，其可以在光载波信号（26）中产生射频信号的互调产物，而不损失光转换损耗，并且不需要射频混频器 - 光学调制器和昂贵的偏振保持光纤。 射频信号可以应用于光放大器的偏置端口（36）或光输入端口（32），并用于上变频和下变频本发明的相控阵天线和远端天线实施例中的信号。

公开(公告)号：US5541614A

公开(公告)日：1996-07-30

申请号：US416621

申请日：1995-04-04

申请人： Juan F. Lam ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Richard L. Abrams

发明人： Juan F. Lam ,  Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Richard L. Abrams

IPC分类号： H01H59/00 ,  H01Q11/10 ,  H01Q15/00

CPC分类号： H01Q11/10 ,  H01Q15/002 ,  H01Q15/0066 ,  H01H59/0009

摘要： An antenna system includes a set of symmetrically located center-fed and segmented dipole antennas embedded on top of a frequency selective photonic bandgap crystal. A two-dimensional array of microelectromechanical (MEM) transmission line switches is incorporated into the dipole antennas to connect the segments thereof. An MEM switch is located at the intersection between any two adjacent segments of the antenna arm. The segments can be connected (disconnected) by operating the switch in the closed (open) position. Appropriate manipulation or programming of the MEM switches will change the radiation pattern, scanning properties and resonance frequency of the antenna array. In addition, an MEM switch is inserted into the crystal to occupy a lattice site in the 3-dimensional crystal lattice. The crystal will have a broadband stopgap if the MEM switch operates in the closed position (perfect symmetry of the crystal), and will produce a narrowband absorption line inside the stopgap if the MEM switch is in the open position, thereby permitting change in real time of the frequency response of the crystal.

摘要翻译： 天线系统包括嵌入在频率选择性光子带隙晶体顶部的对称定位的中心馈电和分段偶极天线的集合。 将微机电（MEM）传输线开关的二维阵列并入到偶极天线中以连接它们的段。 MEM开关位于天线臂的任何两个相邻段之间的相交处。 通过在闭合（打开）位置操作开关可以将段连接（断开）。 对MEM开关的适当的操作或编程将改变天线阵列的辐射图，扫描特性和谐振频率。 另外，将MEM开关插入到晶体中以占据3维晶格中的晶格位置。 如果MEM开关工作在闭合位置（晶体的完美对称性），则晶体将具有宽带停止点，并且如果MEM开关处于打开位置，将在停止位置内产生窄带吸收线，从而允许实时改变 的晶体的频率响应。

公开(公告)号：US5475392A

公开(公告)日：1995-12-12

申请号：US130085

申请日：1993-09-30

申请人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Andrew A. Walston ,  Howard S. Nussbaum ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

发明人： Irwin L. Newberg ,  Andrew A. Walston ,  Howard S. Nussbaum ,  Gregory L. Tangonan

IPC分类号： G01S7/02 ,  G01S7/28 ,  H01Q3/26 ,  H01Q3/42 ,  H01Q3/22

CPC分类号： H01Q3/2682 ,  H01Q3/2676 ,  H01Q3/42

摘要： An apparatus and method for frequency translation of true time delay signals in a phased array radar system is provided. A local oscillator signal is true time delayed or modulo 2.pi. phase shifted and then mixed with a true time delay beamsteering signal from a true time delay circuit to produce a frequency translated transmit signal which is supplied to an antenna element. A receive signal received by an antenna element is mixed with a true time delayed or modulo 2.pi. phase shifted local oscillator signal to provide a frequency translated receive signal. The frequency translated receive signal can then be passed through a true time delay circuit and other subsequent processing circuitry. The frequency translation permits higher frequency transmit and receive signals to be used with lower frequency true time delay devices.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于相控阵雷达系统中真实时间延迟信号的频率转换的装置和方法。 本地振荡器信号是真时间延迟的或模2π相移，然后与来自真实时间延迟电路的真实时间延迟波束导向信号混合，以产生提供给天线元件的频率转换的发射信号。 由天线元件接收的接收信号与真实的时间延迟或模2π相移本地振荡器信号混合以提供频率转换的接收信号。 频率转换的接收信号然后可以通过真实的时间延迟电路和其他后续的处理电路。 频率转换允许较高频率的发射和接收信号与较低频率的真实时间延迟器件一起使用。

公开(公告)号：US5369522A

公开(公告)日：1994-11-29

申请号：US892842

申请日：1992-06-03

申请人： Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Juan F. Lam

发明人： Gregory L. Tangonan ,  Juan F. Lam

IPC分类号： G02B6/122 ,  G02B6/12 ,  G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/035 ,  G02F1/313 ,  H04B10/155 ,  H04B10/14

CPC分类号： G02F1/3132 ,  H04B10/58 ,  G02F2203/19

摘要： When an optical signal is modulated at two modulation frequencies, third order intermodulation distortion (IMD) is eliminated by inducing an out-of-phase signal that is complementary to the modulated signal, and cross-coupling the two signals with each other to remove the third order terms. An optical beam in a first waveguide is electro-optically modulated and coupled with a second waveguide to induce the out-of-phase complementary beam therein. A second optical coupler is provided that cross-couples the beams in the two waveguides downstream from the first optical coupler. The optical coupling coefficients, the coupler lengths, and the differential between the optical propagation coefficients of the two waveguides within the first coupler are selected empirically to substantially negate third order IMD. The differential in propagation coefficients is established by the DC bias of the modulation signal. Enhanced linearity can be obtained by inducing a compensating phase shift either in the second optical coupler, or between the first and second optical couplers.

摘要翻译： 当光信号在两个调制频率被调制时，通过诱导与调制信号互补的异相信号并且将两个信号彼此交叉耦合以去除第三阶互调失真（IMD）来消除 三级条款。 第一波导中的光束被电光调制并且与第二波导耦合以在其中诱发异相互补光束。 提供了第二光耦合器，其将第一光耦合器下游的两个波导中的光束交叉。 根据经验选择光耦合系数，耦合器长度以及第一耦合器内的两个波导的光传播系数之间的差分，以基本上否定三阶IMD。 传播系数的差分由调制信号的直流偏压确定。 通过在第二光耦合器中或在第一和第二光耦合器之间引起补偿相移可以获得增强的线性度。