摘要:
In a throttle control apparatus of an internal combustion engine, when the driver operates an accelerator so as to cause a motor vehicle to proceed to a steady-state running mode, a target throttle opening amount is no longer controlled to a throttle opening amount that depends upon an operated amount of the accelerator. Instead, the throttle opening amount is controlled to a value that provides a steady-state required torque. In this manner, the vehicle is immediately brought into a desired steady-state running mode, without requiring the driver to repeatedly operate the accelerator since the accelerator operation is not directly reflected by the throttle opening amount. Thus, the driver need not frequently repeat accelerator operations when the vehicle enters a steady-state running mode, thus assuring improved driveability.
摘要:
An air-fuel ratio control apparatus performs an intake air-increasing process based on a region of an air-fuel ratio feedback adjustment coefficient FAF in which the adjustment coefficient decreases the fuel concentration in an air-fuel mixture. The apparatus calculates a fuel injection valve open duration TAU by using a newly calculated air-fuel ratio feedback adjustment coefficient FAFx, instead of using an adjustment coefficient FAF. An air-fuel ratio-increasing feedback adjustment coefficient FVLV in the adjustment coefficient FAFx has a value that cancels an increase in the amount of intake air. Therefore, the fuel injection amount is increased only when the fuel concentration in the mixture is an intake air-increasing process. Hence, torque difference between fuel concentration-increasing and concentration-decreasing control becomes smaller.
摘要:
A control apparatus of an internal combustion engine is able to effectively suppress vibration occurring upon acceleration of a motor vehicle due to an increase in the torque generated by the engine. The apparatus controls the ignition timing in accordance with variations in the acceleration of the motor vehicle, so as to variably control the torque generated by the engine. Upon the start of variable torque control, a controller controls the opening amount of the throttle valve to be larger than the opening amount originally determined depending upon the current operating conditions of the engine. As a result, the generated torque is allowed to be larger than the normally generated torque during variable torque control, and vibration upon acceleration can be effectively suppressed.
摘要:
An air-fuel ratio control apparatus of an internal combustion engine is provided which enables highly accurate calibration of an air-fuel feedback correction value to be completed in a short time, thus avoiding adverse influences on the emissions. The engine load is fixed when the air-fuel ratio or purge concentration is calibrated from the behavior of the air-fuel ratio feedback correction value. Thus, no change is observed in the engine load even if the driver operates the accelerator pedal to adjust the accelerator pedal position so as to change the required torque, and the air-fuel ratio of the air-fuel mixture is stabilized. Accordingly, air-fuel ratio calibration or purge concentration calibration can be promptly accomplished with high accuracy. Furthermore, while the engine load is being adjusted, the output torque is controlled in accordance with the required torque by adjusting the ignition timing. Thus, the required torque can be sufficiently reflected by the output torque even when calibration is carried out with the engine load fixed.
摘要:
A gas turbine can efficiently be cooled by using steam, without using high-pressure steam generated in an exhaust-heat recovery boiler and without decreasing the high-pressure steam generation. This cooling system is provided with a gas turbine; an exhaust-heat recovery boiler having a high-pressure system that generates high-pressure steam by means of heat exchange with exhaust heat from the gas turbine, a high-pressure drum that supplies water and steam to the high-pressure system, a medium-pressure system that generates medium-pressure steam by means of heat exchange with the exhaust heat from the gas turbine, and a medium-pressure drum that supplies water and steam to the medium-pressure system; a medium-pressure steam pipe that connects the medium-pressure system and a cooling system of the gas turbine and that supplies the medium-pressure steam from the medium-pressure system to the cooling system; and a steam supplying pipe that connects the high-pressure drum and the medium-pressure drum.
摘要:
A molecular assembly comprising a host metal complex with a space formed therein, and compounds having substituents enclosed in the metal complex within the space and molecular chains bonded to the substituents and extending to the exterior of the metal complex, wherein two or more substituents are enclosed in the same space of the metal complex.
摘要:
Disclosed is a synthesis method for synthesizing in a short time and selectively a microcrystal of a polymer complex having three three-dimensionally and regularly arranged channels.Specifically disclosed is a synthesis method of a polymer complex crystal wherein (1) a metallic solution, which is a mixture of zinc halide(II) and a solvent A that can dissolve the zinc halide, is mixed with (2) a ligand solution, which is a mixture of a tridentate ligand that has three coordination sites coordinated to zinc of the zinc halide and a solvent B that can dissolve the tridentate ligand, to be a single-phase solution, thereby synthesizing a microcrystal of a polymer complex having a three-dimensional coordination network formed by coordinating the tridentate ligand to the zinc and having channels that are three-dimensionally and regularly arranged in the three-dimensional coordination network.
摘要:
A liquid injection type scroll compressor is used to a refrigerating apparatus using hydrocarbon fluoride refrigerant which does not contain chlorine (HFC-125/HFC-143a/HFC-134a) as an operating fluid and an amount of an injected liquid is controlled according to a discharge temperature of the compressor. Further, ester oil and/or ether oil is used as refrigerator oil and a dryer is disposed in a refrigerating cycle. With this arrangement, a refrigerating cycle operation can be stably realized in a wide range without almost changing the arrangement of a conventional refrigerating apparatus.
摘要:
A high-purity silicon monoxide vapor deposition material which, in the formation of a film by vapor deposition, is effective in inhibiting splashing, and which has an average bulk density of 2.0 g/cml and a Vickers hardness of 500 or higher; a process for producing a high-purity silicon monoxide vapor deposition material consisting of SiO and metal impurities as the remainder, the total amount of the impurities being, 50 ppm or smaller, which comprises conducting a degassing, treatment in a raw-material chamber at a temperature lower than the sublimation temperature of silicon monoxide, raising the temperature to sublimate silicon monoxide, and depositing the silicon monoxide on a substrate in a deposition chamber. and a raw material for the silicon monoxide vapor deposition material which comprises silicon metal particles and silicon dioxide particles, the average particle size of each particulate material being I to 40 μm and/or the two particulate
摘要翻译:通过气相沉积形成膜的高纯度一氧化硅气相沉积材料有效地防止飞溅,平均堆积密度为2.0g / cm 3,维氏硬度为500或更高; 制备由SiO和金属杂质构成的高纯度一氧化硅气相沉积材料作为其余部分的方法,所述杂质的总量为50ppm以下,其包括在原料室中进行脱气处理 温度低于一氧化硅的升华温度,升高温度以升温一氧化硅,并将一氧化硅沉积在沉积室中的基板上。 以及包含硅金属颗粒和二氧化硅颗粒的一氧化硅气相沉积材料的原料,每个颗粒材料的平均粒度为I至40μm和/或两个颗粒
摘要:
A nozzle plate of the invention has nozzle opening including a taper part 2 for guiding ink in a pressure generation chamber and a straight pore part 3 formed contiguous with the taper part.