摘要:
A power management system may employ a power source, a distribution system between the power source and electrical loads and an energy accumulator. The accumulator may comprise a plurality of energy processing blocks. Each block may have a limited number of energy storage cells connected in series to produce first voltage. A second higher output voltage from the accumulator may be achieved though integrated DC-DC, DC-AC and AC-DC conversion with intermediate boost of AC voltage through high frequency transformers. Bidirectional power flow may be achieved with high efficiency during charge and discharge of the accumulator. Secondary windings of the transformers may be connected with one another in series so that the accumulator can transfer energy between the distribution system and any one or all of the energy processing units in a fault-tolerant and efficient manner.
摘要:
An online method and apparatus for determining state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) of batteries on platforms that present dynamic charge and discharge environments is disclosed. A rested open circuit voltage (OCV) may be estimated online using a battery dynamic model along with measured terminal voltage, current and temperature. The SoC and SoH can then be determined from this estimated OCV. The apparatus and methods may estimate SoC and SoH of a battery in a real-time fashion without the need to a) disconnect the battery system from service; b) wait for a predefined rest time; or c) depolarize the battery.
摘要:
A power management system may comprise a generative power source, a main bus between the generative power source and electrical loads, a energy accumulator and a main bi directional power converter interposed between the main bus and the energy accumulator unit. The energy accumulator may comprise a plurality of energy storage blocks. The energy storage blocks may individually comprise energy storage units and control units with dedicated DC/DC bidirectional power converters.
摘要:
An electrical power system may be provided with temporary power from a bank of supercapacitors connected to a bus of the power system. The supercapacitors may be charged from an output from a primary power source of the system during start-up of the power source. Output voltage of the primary power source may progressively increase and capacitor charging may occur at this progressively increasing voltage. Dedicated current-limiting devices are not required during charging. When temporary power is required the supercapacitors may be discharged sequentially in a series combination so that a high internal voltage of each capacitor is maintained and so that virtually all of the stored energy of the capacitor may be discharged to the bus at a usable voltage.
摘要:
An electrical power system may be provided with temporary power from a bank of supercapacitors connected to a bus of the power system. The supercapacitors may be charged from an output from a primary power source of the system during start-up of the power source. Output voltage of the primary power source may progressively increase and capacitor charging may occur at this progressively increasing voltage. Dedicated current-limiting devices are not required during charging. When temporary power is required the supercapacitors may be discharged sequentially in a series combination so that a high internal voltage of each capacitor is maintained and so that virtually all of the stored energy of the capacitor may be discharged to the bus at a usable voltage.
摘要:
A method and an apparatus are used in hot swap of AC or DC line replaceable modules (40A). The apparatus according to one embodiment comprises a pin assembly (183), the pin assembly (183) being connectable to a module (40A) and connectable to a backplane (104), the pin assembly (183) resistively reducing a current associated with the module (40A) during disconnection of the module (40A) from the backplane (104), and presenting a high resistance to the module (40A) during connection of the module (40A) to the backplane (104), and a low resistance to the module (40A) at completion of the connection of the module (40A) to the backplane (104); and a hot swap detector (134) connectable to the pin assembly (183), the hot swap detector (134) detecting the disconnection of the module (40A) from the backplane (104), and detecting the connection of the module (40A) to the backplane (104).
摘要:
Integrated current sensors are used in AC electric power systems. An integrated current sensor according to one embodiment comprises: an inductor (101), wherein an AC current passes through the inductor (101); an integrator circuit (103), the integrator circuit (103) receiving a voltage associated with the AC current; a gain control circuit (116) operationally connected to the integrator circuit (103), the gain control circuit (116) outputting a gain controlled signal; and a compensation circuit (115) operationally connected to at least two of the integrator circuit (103), the gain control circuit (116), and the inductor (101), to compensate for parameter variation induced in the gain controlled signal or in the output of the integrator circuit (103).
摘要:
A method and an apparatus are used in hot swap of AC or DC line replaceable modules (40A). The apparatus according to one embodiment comprises a pin assembly (183), the pin assembly (183) being connectable to a module (40A) and connectable to a backplane (104), the pin assembly (183) resistively reducing a current associated with the module (40A) during disconnection of the module (40A) from the backplane (104), and presenting a high resistance to the module (40A) during connection of the module (40A) to the backplane (104), and a low resistance to the module (40A) at completion of the connection of the module (40A) to the backplane (104); and a hot swap detector (134) connectable to the pin assembly (183), the hot swap detector (134) detecting the disconnection of the module (40A) from the backplane (104), and detecting the connection of the module (40A) to the backplane (104). In one embodiment, the method and apparatus provide a main advantage of preventing electrical arcs and damage to mating pins (183). Embodiments for the method and apparatus prevent any excessive voltage and/or current transients that would disturb the operation of other connected subsystems.
摘要:
A semiconductor power device, e.g., an Insulated Gate Bi-polar Transistor (IGBT) or a Metal-Oxide Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET) may be constructed in a reusable and repairable cost-effective sealed shell. The switch may be provided with direct-pressure-contact caps which may perform as electrical conductors for a semiconductor die of the switch and also as thermal heat-sink contacts for the device. The switch may be provided with internal self-powered gate driving control and PHM incorporated in sealed shell. Embodiments of the switch may be constructed with no external gating/PHM connection pin penetrations through the shell.
摘要:
Integrated current sensors are used in DC electric power systems. An integrated current sensor (200B) according to one embodiment comprises: a DC inductor (111B) including a resistive component and an inductive component, wherein a DC current passes through the DC inductor (111B); an integrator circuit (161), the integrator circuit (161) receiving a voltage associated with the DC inductor (111B); and a feedback system operationally connected to the DC inductor (111B) and to the integrator circuit (161), to subtract a voltage associated with the resistive component and obtain a voltage associated with the inductive component.