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公开(公告)号：US4756773A
公开(公告)日：1988-07-12
申请号：US898622
申请日：1986-08-21
摘要： A vacuum furnace is cooled in a two-step process. In the first step, a noble gas is injected into the furnace to break the vacuum, and to provide initial cooling. In the second step, a non-noble, but relatively inert, gas is injected into the furnace to complete the cooling. The flow of the noble gas is cut off when the temperature in the furnace falls below the point at which the contents of the furnace will no longer react with the second gas. The invention also discloses apparatus for cooling the furnace. Temperature controllers monitor the temperature, and rate of temperature change, in the furnace, and direct controlled amounts of noble or non-noble gas into the furnace. At no time is a liquefied gas allowed to enter the furnace. The process allows the furnace to be cooled rapidly but safely, minimizing the danger of thermal shock to the internal furnace components.
摘要翻译： 真空炉按两步法冷却。 在第一步骤中，将惰性气体注入炉中以破坏真空并提供初始冷却。 在第二步骤中，将非贵重但相对惰性的气体注入炉中以完成冷却。 当炉中的温度下降到低于炉内容不再与第二气体反应的点时，惰性气体的流动被切断。 本发明还公开了用于冷却炉的装置。 温度控制器监测炉内的温度和温度变化率，以及直接控制量的贵金属或非惰性气体进入炉内。 任何时候都不允许液化气进入炉内。 该过程允许炉子快速冷却，但是安全地冷却，从而最小化对内部炉子部件的热冲击的危险。
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公开(公告)号：US4643401A
公开(公告)日：1987-02-17
申请号：US770074
申请日：1985-08-28
摘要： A vacuum furnace is cooled in a two-step process. In the first step, a noble gas is injected into the furnace to break the vacuum, and to provide initial cooling. In the second step, a non-noble, but relatively inert, gas is injected into the furnace to complete the cooling. The flow of the noble gas is cut off when the temperature in the furnace falls below the point at which the contents of the furnace will no longer react with the second gas. The invention also discloses apparatus for cooling the furnace. Temperature controllers monitor the temperature, and rate of temperature change, in the furnace, and direct controlled amounts of noble or non-noble gas into the furnace. At no time is a liquefied gas allowed to enter the furnace. The process allows the furnace to be cooled rapidly but safely, minimizing the danger of thermal shock to the internal furnace components.
摘要翻译： 真空炉按两步法冷却。 在第一步骤中，将惰性气体注入炉中以破坏真空并提供初始冷却。 在第二步骤中，将非贵重但相对惰性的气体注入炉中以完成冷却。 当炉中的温度下降到低于炉内容不再与第二气体反应的点时，惰性气体的流动被切断。 本发明还公开了用于冷却炉的装置。 温度控制器监测炉内的温度和温度变化率，以及直接控制量的贵金属或非惰性气体进入炉内。 任何时候都不允许液化气进入炉内。 该过程允许炉子快速冷却，但是安全地冷却，从而最小化对内部炉子部件的热冲击的危险。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4705574A
公开(公告)日：1987-11-10
申请号：US697951
申请日：1985-02-04
CPC分类号： B08B7/0064 , B08B7/0092
摘要： A process for removing layers of paint or other non-metallic coatings from a coated metal hanger or the like comprising the steps of freezing the coating to embrittle it and shrink it toward the metal hanger, heating the metal hanger without heating the coating to expand the metal toward the coating, and stressing the coating by said expanding and shrinking to break and fragment the coating and cause it to fall off the metal hanger.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从涂覆的金属衣架等去除涂料或其它非金属涂层的方法，包括以下步骤：冷冻涂层以使其脆化并将其收缩到金属衣架，加热金属衣架而不加热涂层以扩展 金属朝向涂层，并且通过膨胀和收缩来对涂层施加压力，以破坏和破碎涂层并使其从金属吊架上脱落。
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公开(公告)号：US4759848A
公开(公告)日：1988-07-26
申请号：US914297
申请日：1986-10-02
摘要： A cryogenic liquid is sterilized by passing it through a microporous filter, while subcooling the liquid. Subcooling virtually eliminates the possiblity of formation of gas bubbles in the liquid, and thereby insures that the desired mass flow of liquid, through the filter, will be maintained. The apparatus used with this invention comprises an insulated tank, filled with cryogenic liquid. A container having a microporous filter disposed therein, is submerged within the tank. The filter can be made of nylon mesh, which is encased within a polypropylene frame. The filter has a pore size of about 0.2 microns or less. The liquid to be sterilized is a saturated cryogenic liquid. The liquid in the tank is held at a temperature lower than that of the liquid to be sterilized, and therefore subcools the liquid being sterilized. The sterilized liquid is then withdrawn directly from the filter container.
摘要翻译： 通过使低温液体通过微孔过滤器，同时使液体过冷而灭菌。 过冷实质上消除了在液体中形成气泡的可能性，从而确保通过过滤器保持所需的液体质量流量。 本发明使用的装置包括一个充满低温液体的隔热箱。 具有设置在其中的微孔过滤器的容器浸没在罐内。 过滤器可以由尼龙网制成，其被包裹在聚丙烯框架内。 该过滤器具有约0.2微米或更小的孔径。 待灭菌的液体是饱和低温液体。 罐中的液体保持在比待灭菌液体的温度低的温度下，从而将被灭菌的液体冷凝。 然后将无菌液体直接从过滤容器中取出。
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公开(公告)号：US4620962A
公开(公告)日：1986-11-04
申请号：US700826
申请日：1985-03-04
申请人： Howard D. Brodbeck
发明人： Howard D. Brodbeck
CPC分类号： F17C9/02 , A61L2/10 , F17C2205/0149 , F17C2205/0341 , F17C2221/014 , F17C2223/0161 , F17C2225/0123 , F17C2227/0302 , F17C2227/0393 , F17C2250/0413 , F17C2270/05
摘要： The invention includes a method and apparatus for providing a sterilized cryogenic liquid. A cryogenic liquid is vaporized, and the resulting gas is sterilized. The sterilized gas is then reliquefied and subcooled. The liquid is vaporized by passing the liquid through a heat exchanger, heat being transferred from the previously sterilized gas to the incoming liquid. Sterilization is accomplished either by passing the gas through a microporous filter, or by subjecting the gas to ultraviolet radiation. The sterilized gas, after passing through the heat exchanger, is directed into a pressurized container, wherein the gas is reliquefied and subcooled. The subcooled liquid is then withdrawn from the apparatus.
摘要翻译： 本发明包括用于提供无菌低温液体的方法和装置。 将低温液体蒸发，并将所得气体灭菌。 然后将无菌气体再液化并过冷。 液体通过使液体通过热交换器而蒸发，热量从先前灭菌的气体转移到进入的液体。 通过使气体通过微孔过滤器，或者通过使气体经受紫外线辐射来实现灭菌。 灭菌气体在通过热交换器之后被引导到加压容器中，其中气体被再液化并过冷。 然后从设备中取出过冷液体。
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公开(公告)号：US4592205A
公开(公告)日：1986-06-03
申请号：US691386
申请日：1985-01-14
CPC分类号： F17C9/00 , F17C2205/0332 , F17C2205/0338 , F17C2221/011 , F17C2221/012 , F17C2221/013 , F17C2221/014 , F17C2221/017 , F17C2221/035 , F17C2223/0161 , F17C2225/0161 , F17C2250/0413 , F17C2270/05 , Y02E60/321 , Y10T137/7446 , Y10T137/86324 , Y10T137/8634 , Y10T137/86372
摘要： A low pressure delivery system for cryogenic liquids is disclosed, the system being capable of providing a stream of a single-phase cryogenic liquid at a substantially constant low pressure, in the range of about 1 psi. The system comprises a container into which a cryogenic liquid, from a high pressure source, is directed. The liquid in the container is maintained at a substantially constant level by an automatic filling mechanism. The liquid does not occupy all the space within the container, the remainder of the space being filled by gas evaporating from the liquid. This gas communicates, by a suitable conduit, with a pressure regulator valve. When the gas pressure exceeds a predetermined level, the valve opens, relieving the excess pressure. By thus placing an upper bound on the gas pressure, the system places an upper bound on the pressure of the liquid withdrawn from the container. The automatic filling mechanism of the system establishes a lower bound on the liquid pressure.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于低温液体的低压输送系统，该系统能够在约1psi的范围内以基本恒定的低压提供单相低温液体流。 该系统包括容器，来自高压源的低温液体被引导到容器中。 通过自动填充机构将容器中的液体维持在基本恒定的水平。 液体不占据容器内的所有空间，其余的空间被从液体中蒸发的气体填充。 该气体通过适当的管道与压力调节阀连通。 当气体压力超过预定值时，阀打开，减轻过压。 通过这样设置气压的上限，系统将从容器中取出的液体的压力上限。 系统的自动灌装机构建立了液压的下限。
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公开(公告)号：US4590656A
公开(公告)日：1986-05-27
申请号：US737240
申请日：1985-05-23
CPC分类号： B23P11/025 , B29C55/24 , B29C63/42 , B29C61/08 , Y10T29/4987 , Y10T29/53652 , Y10T29/53657
摘要： A method and apparatus for expanding a length of flexible tubing so it can be placed over a cylindrically shaped member which has an outside diameter larger than the inside diameter of the tubing. This is accomplished by first expanding the flexible tubing mechanically with a flexible cage and mandrel to the desired inside diameter and then freezing it at this expanded size by spraying it with a cooling media such as liquid nitrogen. The frozen expanded tube can then be easily placed over the cylindrically shaped member so that when the expanded tubing warms and returns to its original configuration, it will generate a tight pressure bond to the inserted member.
摘要翻译： 一种用于扩展柔性管的长度的方法和装置，使得其可以放置在具有大于管的内径的外径的圆柱形构件上。 这是通过首先用柔性保持架和心轴机械地将柔性管道膨胀到期望的内径，然后通过用诸如液氮的冷却介质喷雾而将其在该膨胀尺寸下冷冻来实现的。 然后，冷冻的膨胀管可以容易地放置在圆柱形构件上，使得当膨胀的管加热并返回到其初始构造时，其将产生与插入构件的紧密的压力接合。
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公开(公告)号：US4561258A
公开(公告)日：1985-12-31
申请号：US694469
申请日：1985-01-24
CPC分类号： F17C9/00 , F17C2205/0338 , F17C2221/014 , F17C2223/0161 , F17C2225/0161 , F17C2227/0121 , F17C2250/0413 , F17C2270/05 , Y10T137/7446 , Y10T137/86324 , Y10T137/86372
摘要： A system for delivering cryogenic liquids at controlled low pressures is disclosed, wherein the liquid is withdrawn from the bottom of a container, and allowed to flow by gravity to the point of use. The system comprises an inlet conduit which directs a liquid cryogen into the container. The inlet conduit is connected to a float valve assembly which regulates the height of the liquid in the container. The vertical position of the float valve assembly is adjustable. The liquid cryogen is withdrawn from the bottom of the container, through an insulated outlet conduit. The pressure of the output liquid is determined by the vertical distance between the lower end of the outlet conduit and the liquid level in the container. Adjustment of the position of the float valve assembly therefore controls the output pressure. Gas bubbles that may form in the liquid tend to rise to the top of the container, so that the output is of a single phase, that is, an essentially pure liquid.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于在受控的低压下输送低温液体的系统，其中液体从容器的底部排出，并允许通过重力流动至使用点。 该系统包括将液体冷冻剂引导到容器中的入口管道。 入口管道连接到调节容器中的液体的高度的浮阀组件。 浮阀组件的垂直位置可调。 液体冷冻剂通过绝缘出口导管从容器的底部排出。 输出液体的压力由出口导管的下端与容器中的液面之间的垂直距离决定。 因此，浮球阀组件的位置调节控制输出压力。 可能在液体中形成的气泡倾向于升高到容器的顶部，使得输出为单相，即基本上纯的液体。
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