公开(公告)号：US08361175B2

公开(公告)日：2013-01-29

申请号：US12522833

申请日：2007-12-20

申请人： Hubert Goldacker ,  Andrea Kruse ,  Nicolaus Dahmen

发明人： Hubert Goldacker ,  Andrea Kruse ,  Nicolaus Dahmen

IPC分类号： B09B1/00 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B6/24 ,  C01B3/02 ,  C01B3/24 ,  B01J7/00

CPC分类号： B01J3/008 ,  B01J19/0013 ,  B01J2219/00121 ,  C10J3/14 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  Y02P20/145 ,  Y02P20/544

摘要： A method for converting biomass having a water content of at least 50% into gaseous products includes providing a reactor containing supercritical water and a salt melt. The salt melt includes at least one of a salt and a salt mixture. The reactor and the salt melt are heated to the reaction temperature. The biomass is heated to a preheat temperature. The biomass heated to the preheat temperature is fed into the salt melt. The biomass is heated to the reaction temperature so as to commence a conversion of the biomass into the gaseous products, so as to release from the biomass at least one additional salt into the salt melt. An amount of the salt melt containing at least a portion of the at least one additional salt is withdrawn from the reactor and the amount of the withdrawn salt melt is replaced with a fresh salt solution. The gaseous products are removed from the reactor.

摘要翻译： 将具有至少50％的含水量的生物质转化为气态产物的方法包括提供含有超临界水和盐熔体的反应器。 盐熔体包括盐和盐混合物中的至少一种。 将反应器和盐熔体加热至反应温度。 将生物质加热至预热温度。 将加热到预热温度的生物质加入到盐熔体中。 将生物质加热至反应温度，以便开始将生物质转化为气态产物，从而将生物质从至少一种另外的盐释放到盐熔体中。 将含有至少一部分至少一种另外的盐的盐熔体的量从反应器中取出，并且用新鲜盐溶液代替取出的盐熔体的量。 从反应器中除去气态产物。

公开(公告)号：US20100037520A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-18

申请号：US12522833

申请日：2007-12-20

申请人： Hubert Goldacker ,  Andrea Kruse ,  Nicolaus Dahmen

发明人： Hubert Goldacker ,  Andrea Kruse ,  Nicolaus Dahmen

IPC分类号： C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/57

CPC分类号： B01J3/008 ,  B01J19/0013 ,  B01J2219/00121 ,  C10J3/14 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  Y02P20/145 ,  Y02P20/544

摘要： A method for converting biomass having a water content of at least 50% into gaseous products includes providing a reactor containing supercritical water and a salt melt. The salt melt includes at least one of a salt and a salt mixture. The reactor and the salt melt are heated to the reaction temperature. The biomass is heated to a preheat temperature. The biomass heated to the preheat temperature is fed into the salt melt. The biomass is heated to the reaction temperature so as to commence a conversion of the biomass into the gaseous products, so as to release from the biomass at least one additional salt into the salt melt. An amount of the salt melt containing at least a portion of the at least one additional salt is withdrawn from the reactor and the amount of the withdrawn salt melt is replaced with a fresh salt solution. The gaseous products are removed from the reactor.

摘要翻译： 将具有至少50％的含水量的生物质转化为气态产物的方法包括提供含有超临界水和盐熔体的反应器。 盐熔体包括盐和盐混合物中的至少一种。 将反应器和盐熔体加热至反应温度。 将生物质加热至预热温度。 将加热到预热温度的生物质加入到盐熔体中。 将生物质加热至反应温度，以便开始将生物质转化为气态产物，从而将生物质从至少一种另外的盐释放到盐熔体中。 将含有至少一部分至少一种另外的盐的盐熔体的量从反应器中取出，并且用新鲜盐溶液代替取出的盐熔体的量。 从反应器中除去气态产物。

公开(公告)号：US20090308726A1

公开(公告)日：2009-12-17

申请号：US12486261

申请日：2009-06-17

申请人： NICHOLAUS DAHMEN ,  Andrea Kruse ,  Mathias Pagel ,  Hubert Goldacker ,  Jens Zimmermann

发明人： NICHOLAUS DAHMEN ,  Andrea Kruse ,  Mathias Pagel ,  Hubert Goldacker ,  Jens Zimmermann

IPC分类号： C10B57/00 ,  C02F11/10 ,  C02F11/08 ,  B01J19/00

CPC分类号： C10B49/14 ,  B01J3/008 ,  B01J19/30 ,  B01J19/32 ,  B01J2219/00123 ,  B01J2219/30203 ,  B01J2219/30215 ,  B01J2219/30265 ,  B01J2219/30408 ,  B01J2219/30475 ,  B01J2219/32466 ,  B01J2219/32475 ,  C10J3/57 ,  C10J3/78 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/0923 ,  C10J2300/0979 ,  C12P5/023 ,  Y02E50/343 ,  Y02P20/145 ,  Y02P20/544

摘要： A device for converting biomass with a water content of at least 50% to gaseous products includes a reactor filled at least partially with a packing including at least one filler body for accommodating supercritical water and a hydrothermal molten salt. A heater is arranged to heat up the reactor and its content. A first feeding pipe is coupled to the reactor to feed water and salt solution into the reactor. A second feeding pipe is coupled to the reactor to feed to biomass into the reactor. A discharge pipe is coupled to the reactor to discharge gaseous products from the reactor. An outlet is proved in the bottom of the reactor for removing portions of the molten salt.

摘要翻译： 用于将水含量至少为50％的生物质转化为气态产物的装置包括至少部分填充有包含至少一个用于容纳超临界水和水热熔盐的填料体的填料的反应器。 布置有加热器以加热反应器及其内容物。 将第一进料管连接到反应器以将水和盐溶液进料到反应器中。 第二进料管连接到反应器以将生物质进料到反应器中。 排放管连接到反应器以从反应器排出气态产物。 在反应器的底部证明了一个出口，用于去除部分熔融盐。

公开(公告)号：US4021313A

公开(公告)日：1977-05-03

申请号：US624106

申请日：1975-10-20

申请人： Helmut Hausberger ,  Hubert Goldacker ,  Helmut Schmieder

发明人： Helmut Hausberger ,  Hubert Goldacker ,  Helmut Schmieder

IPC分类号： C01G43/00 ,  C01G56/00 ,  C01G99/00 ,  C22B3/00 ,  C22B3/26 ,  C22B60/02 ,  C22B61/00 ,  C25B1/00 ,  G21C19/46 ,  G21F9/00 ,  G21F9/06 ,  C25C3/34

CPC分类号： C25B1/00 ,  C01G43/00 ,  C01G56/004 ,  C01G56/008 ,  C01G99/006 ,  C22B60/026

摘要： A method is provided for purifying actinides which are present in a low oxidation state in aqueous solution. The actinides are purified of fission products by extracting the actinides from aqueous solution while confining the fission products to the aqueous solution. The actinides that are purified are selected from the group of uranium (IV), neptunium (IV) and plutonium (III). An aqueous nitric acid solution containing the actinides, hydrazine nitrate or hydroxyl ammonium nitrate, as well as fission products is initially subjected to an electrolysis voltage. If Pu (III) is involved, the electrolysis voltage is below the voltage at which oxygen develops at the anode and anodically oxidizes the Pu (III) to Pu (IV). The Pu (IV) which is formed is transferred by means of an organic extraction agent from the aqueous solution to an organic phase. The organic phase is then separated and used for the plutonium recovery process. If U (IV) and/or Np (IV) are involved, the aqueous nitric acid solution is initially subjected to an electrolysis voltage in the vicinity of the voltage at which oxygen develops at the anode or higher to anodically oxidize the U (IV) to U (VI) and the Np (IV) to Np (VI). The U (VI) and/or Np (VI) which is formed is transferred by means of an organic extraction agent from the aqueous phase to the organic phase. The organic phase is then separated and used for the uranium or neptunium recovery process.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于纯化在水溶液中以低氧化态存在的锕系元素的方法。 锕系元素通过从水溶液中提取锕系元素而将裂变产物限制在水溶液中来纯化裂变产物。 纯化的锕系选自铀（IV），ium（IV）和钚（III）。 含有锕系元素，硝酸肼或硝酸铵的硝酸水溶液以及裂变产物最初经受电解电压。 如果涉及Pu（III），则电解电压低于在阳极处产生氧气的电压，并将Pu（III）阳极氧化为Pu（IV）。 形成的Pu（IV）通过有机萃取剂从水溶液中转移到有机相中。 然后将有机相分离并用于钚回收过程。 如果涉及U（IV）和/或Np（IV），则硝酸水溶液最初经受在阳极或更高氧发生的电压附近的电解电压，以阳极氧化U（IV） 到U（VI）和Np（IV）到Np（VI）。 形成的U（VI）和/或Np（VI）通过有机萃取剂从水相转移到有机相中。 然后将有机相分离并用于铀或铀回收过程。

公开(公告)号：US4246238A

公开(公告)日：1981-01-20

申请号：US893777

申请日：1978-04-05

申请人： Hubert Goldacker ,  Gunter Koch ,  Helmut Schmieder ,  Ernst Warnecke ,  Walter Comper

发明人： Hubert Goldacker ,  Gunter Koch ,  Helmut Schmieder ,  Ernst Warnecke ,  Walter Comper

IPC分类号： B01D11/02 ,  G21C19/46 ,  B01F1/00 ,  G21F9/30

CPC分类号： B01D11/0219 ,  G21C19/46 ,  Y02W30/883

摘要： A dissolver for dissolving nuclear fuel materials out of fuel element segments during reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuels, the dissolver being made of a material which is a neutron absorber and being composed of a dissolving vessel and a dissolving basket disposed in the vessel to receive such fuel element segments and to permit flow of dissolving fluid therethrough, with the basket being divided into a plurality of individual sections or compartments so as to prevent establishment of a critical state in the dissolver.

摘要翻译： 一种溶解器，用于在辐射核燃料的后处理期间将核燃料材料从燃料元件段中溶解，该溶解器由作为中子吸收剂的材料制成，并由设置在该容器中的溶解容器和溶解篮组成以容纳该燃料 并且允许溶解流体流过其中，其中篮被分成多个单独的部分或隔室，以便防止在溶解器中建立临界状态。

公开(公告)号：US4212723A

公开(公告)日：1980-07-15

申请号：US943979

申请日：1978-09-20

申请人： Helmut Schmieder ,  Hubert Goldacker ,  Ernst Warnecke ,  Manfred Kluth ,  Reinhard Schlenker

发明人： Helmut Schmieder ,  Hubert Goldacker ,  Ernst Warnecke ,  Manfred Kluth ,  Reinhard Schlenker

IPC分类号： B01D11/04 ,  B01D59/24 ,  B01D59/38 ,  C22B60/00 ,  C25B1/00 ,  G01N25/14 ,  C25B15/08 ,  C25B11/03

CPC分类号： G01N25/14 ,  B01D11/0419 ,  B01D59/38

摘要： A counterflow extraction column for the liquid-liquid extraction of two phases during simultaneous electrolysis, includes an elongated, upright column tube containing a cathode and an anode. Within the tube, a common chamber defines cathodic zones and anodic zones and is void of separating members between the zones. The common chamber constitutes the anode chamber and the cathode chamber of the column.

摘要翻译： 在同时电解期间用于液相萃取两相的逆流萃取塔包括一个含有阴极和阳极的细长直立柱管。 在管内，公共室限定阴极区和阳极区，并且在区之间没有分离构件。 公共室构成柱的阳极室和阴极室。

公开(公告)号：US4101408A

公开(公告)日：1978-07-18

申请号：US757062

申请日：1976-12-30

申请人： Helmut Schmieder ,  Hubert Goldacker ,  Werner Roos

发明人： Helmut Schmieder ,  Hubert Goldacker ,  Werner Roos

IPC分类号： B01D11/04 ,  B01D59/24 ,  C01G99/00 ,  C22B3/02 ,  C22B60/02 ,  C25B1/00 ,  C25C7/00

CPC分类号： C01G99/006 ,  B01D11/0419 ,  C22B3/02 ,  C22B60/026 ,  C25B1/00 ,  Y02P10/234

摘要： A countercurrent extraction column for a liquid-liquid extraction of two phases which are insoluble in each other with simultaneous electrolysis. The column comprises an outer tube, an inner tube within the outer tube, with the inner tube dividing the column into an inner anode chamber and an outer cathode chamber which encloses the anode chamber without the use of a diaphragm. A plurality of bores establish communication between the anode chamber and the cathode chamber. An anode is provided in the anode chamber and a cathode is provided in the cathode chamber. A hollow sheet metal cylinder is disposed around the inner tube in the area of the bores between the cathode chamber and the anode chamber. The cylinder acts as a cathode cylinder member and is chargeable in its interior by one of the phases through bores located at the top of the cathode cylinder. Sheet metal strips are attached in a radially inwardly extending manner to the interior surface of the cathode cylinder.

摘要翻译： 一种用于液相萃取的逆流提取塔，两相不溶于同时电解。 该柱包括外管，外管内管，内管将柱分成内阳极室和外阳极室，其不使用隔膜而封闭阳极室。 多个孔在阳极室和阴极室之间建立连通。 阳极设置在阳极室中，阴极设置在阴极室中。 在阴极室和阳极室之间的孔的区域内围绕内管设置中空的金属板。 气缸用作阴极筒构件，并且可通过位于阴极筒顶部的孔之一通过其中一个相位将其内部充电。 钣金条以径向向内延伸的方式附接到阴极筒的内表面。