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1.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US5717339A
公开(公告)日：1998-02-10
申请号：US703159
申请日：1996-08-28
CPC分类号： G01N27/221 , G01N33/2852
摘要： The composition of an electrically conductive mixture, preferably a mixture of gasoline and alcohol, is measured using a single measurement cell having a first electrode and a second electrode with a measurement space therebetween for receiving a specimen of the mixture. With a specimen of the mixture in the measurement space, the first electrode is alternatively connected to a reference discharge voltage, preferably ground, and to a feedback control voltage. A first operational state encompasses the period when the first electrode is connected to the reference discharge voltage and a second operational state encompasses the period when the first electrode is connected to the feedback control voltage. A first operational state peak voltage is measured during the first operational state, and a peak second operational state voltage is measured during the second operational state. The first operational state voltage and a preselected constant proper fraction of the peak second operational state voltage are mathematically combined to obtain a voltage output, which may be correlated to the composition of the mixture. The voltage output is also used as the feedback control voltage, to produce a linear signal output as a function of dielectric constant of the conductive mixture.
摘要翻译： 使用具有第一电极和第二电极的单个测量单元测量导电混合物，优选汽油和醇的混合物的组成，其间具有用于接收混合物样品的测量空间。 在测量空间中混合物的样本，第一电极交替地连接到参考放电电压，优选接地，并且连接到反馈控制电压。 第一操作状态包括第一电极连接到参考放电电压的时段，第二操作状态包括第一电极连接到反馈控制电压的周期。 在第一操作状态期间测量第一操作状态峰值电压，并且在第二操作状态期间测量峰值第二操作状态电压。 峰值第二操作状态电压的第一操作状态电压和预选的恒定适当分数在数学上被组合以获得电压输出，其可以与混合物的组成相关。 电压输出也用作反馈控制电压，以产生作为导电混合物的介电常数的函数的线性信号输出。
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2.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US6057693A
公开(公告)日：2000-05-02
申请号：US703498
申请日：1996-08-27
CPC分类号： G01N33/2852 , G01N27/221
摘要： The composition of an electrically conductive mixture, such as a mixture of gasoline and alcohol, is measured using a single measurement cell having a first electrode and a second electrode with a measurement space therebetween for receiving a specimen of the mixture. With a specimen of the mixture in the measurement space, the first electrode is alternatively connected to a reference discharge voltage, preferably ground, and to an applied voltage through a resistor. A first operational state encompasses the period when the first electrode is connected to the reference discharge voltage and a second operational state encompasses the period when the first electrode is connected to the applied voltage through the resistor. A first operational state peak voltage is measured during the first operational state, and a second operational state peak voltage is measured during the second operational state. The first operational state peak voltage and a preselected constant proper fraction of the second operational state peak voltage are summed to obtain a summed voltage output, which may be correlated to the composition of the mixture.
摘要翻译： 使用具有第一电极和第二电极的单个测量单元测量诸如汽油和醇的混合物的导电混合物的组成，其间具有用于接收混合物样品的测量空间。 在测量空间中的混合物样本中，第一电极交替地连接到参考放电电压，优选接地，并通过电阻器连接到施加的电压。 第一操作状态包括第一电极连接到参考放电电压的时段，第二操作状态包括通过电阻器将第一电极连接到施加的电压的周期。 在第一操作状态期间测量第一操作状态峰值电压，并且在第二操作状态期间测量第二操作状态峰值电压。 第一操作状态峰值电压和第二操作状态峰值电压的预选常数适当分数被相加以获得可以与混合物的组成相关的总和电压输出。
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公开(公告)号：US06630663B2
公开(公告)日：2003-10-07
申请号：US09176561
申请日：1998-10-21
IPC分类号： H01J4940
CPC分类号： G01N27/622
摘要： An ion mobility spectrometer includes a housing with a flow channel, an air pump to force air through the flow channel, a heater at an inlet end of the flow channel, and an ionization source that ionizes the air after it is heated. The heated, ionized air passes through an electric field produced by a field source and a plurality of sensor elements located within in the wall of the flow channel in the measurement region of the electric field. The sensor elements include a plurality of sensor electrodes in one wall of the flow channel. Ion currents to the sensor electrodes are measured by an integrated high-sensitivity readout circuit array, permitting the sensor electrodes to be quite small. The sensor electrodes may be arranged in one-dimensional or two-dimensional arrays.
摘要翻译： 离子迁移谱仪包括具有流动通道的壳体，用于迫使空气通过流动通道的空气泵，在流动通道的入口端处的加热器，以及在加热之后使空气电离的离子源。 加热的电离空气通过场电源和位于电场测量区域内的流动通道壁内的多个传感器元件产生的电场。 传感器元件包括在流动通道的一个壁中的多个传感器电极。 通过集成的高灵敏度读出电路阵列测量传感器电极的离子电流，允许传感器电极相当小。 传感器电极可以被布置成一维或二维阵列。
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公开(公告)号：US5965882A
公开(公告)日：1999-10-12
申请号：US946115
申请日：1997-10-07
CPC分类号： G01N27/62
摘要： An improved ion mobility spectrometer for detecting chemical warfare agents and hazardous vapors. The ion mobility spectrometer has an improved sensor cell that includes a heated air flow assembly, an ionization assembly and a field electrode and detector assembly printed circuit assembly. The heated air flow assembly includes a cover with an air inlet, an ambient temperature sensor, a thin-film heater element, a heater frame, a heated air sensor, and a heater channel formed therein. The ionization assembly comprises a nuclear ionization source attached to a holder, a lid, and an ionization channel formed therein that is coupled to the heater channel. The field electrode and detector assembly printed circuit assembly comprises a field electrode printed circuit board, a detector electrode printed circuit board, and detector electronics. The field electrode printed circuit board has a plurality of field electrodes disposed on a bottom surface thereof. A gasket is disposed between the field electrode and detector electrode printed circuit boards. The detector electrode printed circuit board has a plurality of detector electrodes disposed on a top surface thereof. The detector electronics processes current outputs of the detector electrodes to generate a histogram of ion currents that identify mobilities of chemical species tested by the ion mobility spectrometer.
摘要翻译： 用于检测化学战剂和有害蒸汽的改进的离子迁移谱仪。 离子迁移谱仪具有改进的传感器单元，其包括加热的气流组件，电离组件和场电极和检测器组件印刷电路组件。 加热空气流动组件包括具有空气入口的盖，环境温度传感器，薄膜加热器元件，加热器框架，加热空气传感器和形成在其中的加热器通道。 电离组件包括连接到保持器，盖子和形成在其中的电离通道的核电离源，其耦合到加热器通道。 场电极和检测器组件印刷电路组件包括场电极印刷电路板，检测器电极印刷电路板和检测器电子器件。 场电极印刷电路板具有设置在其底表面上的多个场电极。 在场电极和检测器电极印刷电路板之间设置衬垫。 检测器电极印刷电路板具有设置在其顶表面上的多个检测器电极。 检测器电子器件处理检测器电极的电流输出以产生离子流的直方图，其识别由离子迁移谱仪测试的化学物质的迁移率。
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公开(公告)号：US5514593A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-07
申请号：US283344
申请日：1994-08-01
CPC分类号： G01N33/0011 , G01N21/783 , G01N31/22 , Y10T436/117497
摘要： An improved device for monitoring the presence of toxic metals in workplace air comprises a base and a removable top assembly. The top assembly includes a test substrate, such as filter paper, having a first surface and a second surface. The first surface is supported by the top assembly and the second surface has an area that is sensitized with at least one chemical reagent for producing a reaction with at least one toxic metal. The base has an air inlet, an air outlet, and a channel connecting the air inlet and the air outlet, thereby enabling air entering the monitor from the air inlet to directly contact the area of the second surface of the test substrate prior to exiting the monitor through the air outlet.
摘要翻译： 用于监测工作场所空气中有毒金属的存在的改进的装置包括基座和可拆卸的顶部组件。 顶部组件包括具有第一表面和第二表面的测试基底，例如滤纸。 第一表面由顶部组件支撑，第二表面具有用至少一种化学试剂致敏的区域，以产生与至少一种有毒金属的反应。 基座具有空气入口，空气出口和连接空气入口和空气出口的通道，从而使得从空气入口进入监视器的空气在离开测试基板的第二表面的区域之前直接接触 通过出风口监视。
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公开(公告)号：US5481181A
公开(公告)日：1996-01-02
申请号：US283457
申请日：1994-08-01
CPC分类号： G01N27/49 , G01N33/0011
摘要： An device for monitoring workplace air comprises a monitor cell comprising a base and a removable assembly. The removable assembly comprises (1) a flat, electrically insulating substrate having a first surface, (2) an electrolyte cell having an anode and a cathode disposed on the first surface, the anode and cathode spaced apart to define a controlled volume for holding a quantity of an electrolyte, and (3) means for applying a controlled electrical potential to the cathode. The base comprises (1) an air inlet portion for sampling air, (2) an air outlet portion connected to an air sampling pump, (3) a channel connecting the air inlet and the air outlet and adapted to introduce air to the electrolyte in the electrolyte cell, (4) a reservoir for storing the electrolyte for the electrolyte cell, and (5) a wick for supplying electrolyte from the reservoir to the electrolyte cell.
摘要翻译： 用于监测工作场所空气的装置包括监视器单元，其包括基座和可拆卸组件。 可移除组件包括（1）具有第一表面的平坦的电绝缘基底，（2）具有设置在第一表面上的阳极和阴极的电解质电池，阳极和阴极间隔开以限定用于保持 电解质的量，和（3）向阴极施加受控电位的装置。 基座包括（1）用于取样空气的空气入口部分，（2）连接到空气取样泵的空气出口部分，（3）连接空气入口和空气出口并适于将空气引入电解质的通道 电解质电池，（4）用于存储用于电解质电池的电解质的储存器，以及（5）用于将电解质从储存器供应到电解质电池的芯。
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公开(公告)号：US06792795B2
公开(公告)日：2004-09-21
申请号：US10649533
申请日：2003-08-27
IPC分类号： G01N3300
CPC分类号： B07C1/00 , G01N1/02 , G01N1/2205 , G01N1/2211 , G01N1/2247 , G01N1/2273 , G01N1/24 , G01N2001/005 , G01N2001/022 , G01N2001/025 , G01N2001/2223 , G01N2015/0088
摘要： A system and method for detecting contaminants in or on objects, having a movably mounted container for holding objects and having a plurality of perforations and an entrance opening through which objects may be placed into the container. A housing encloses the container and forms a barrier to ambient air. There is a sealable opening for inserting and removing objects from the container. A drive assembly moves the container within the housing to move objects therein for emitting particles which are in or on such object. There is an air stream for moving air through the housing and container to entrain any emitted particles into the air stream and a sensor for sensing contaminants in the air stream and providing a signal when a contaminant is sensed. The container can be a rotatable cage or a vibrating box. In the method, there is a chamber provided which may be sealed with respect to ambient air to create an enclosed atmosphere. A plurality of objects are loaded into or onto a perforated container disposed within the enclosed atmosphere and an air stream is created within the enclosed atmosphere. The objects are agitated to cause them to emit particles therefrom into the air stream is tested to determine whether it contains any contaminants. If so, a signal is provided.
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8.发明授权Biological warfare agent sensor system employing ruthenium-terminated oligonucleotides complementary to target live agent DNA sequences 失效使用与靶活性DNA序列互补的钌末端寡核苷酸的生物战剂代理传感器系统
公开(公告)号：US5874046A
公开(公告)日：1999-02-23
申请号：US740539
申请日：1996-10-30
申请人： Clifford A. Megerle
发明人： Clifford A. Megerle
IPC分类号： C12Q1/68 , G01N27/30 , G01N27/327 , G01N27/406
CPC分类号： C12Q1/6825
摘要： A sensor system and method are provided that are capable of the real-time detection of target live microorganisms, such as biological warfare agents. The sensor system includes a highly-sensitive, highly-selective sensor cell that comprises a single-stranded oligonucleic acid sequence that is complementary to a portion of the DNA of a target live microorganism, the oligonucleic acid having been modified with the covalent attachment of electron donor and acceptor moieties. In the presence of the targeted microorganism, hybridization occurs between the modified oligonucleic acid and the microorganism's DNA, such that the electron conductance between the electron transfer moieties greatly increases, thereby providing a means of detecting the presence of the target live microorganism. Aside from the sensor cell, the sensor system also includes an inlet port in the sensor cell wall by which to introduce a sample from the fluid environment into the sensor cell; a cell wall disrupter to release the nucleic acid of the fluid sample into the sensor cell; an electron transfer rate measuring system to gauge the electron transfer rate between the electron transfer moieties of the modified oligonucleic acid; a power source; a microcontroller to analyze the measured electron transfer rate for evidence of hybridization; and a communication system for relaying information regarding the presence or absence of the target live microorganism to the user of the sensor system. It is contemplated that the sensor system, exclusive of a battery and pump pack, will be only slightly larger than a pack of cigarettes and light enough to be comfortably worn and carried by personnel.
摘要翻译： 提供了能够实时检测目标活微生物（例如生物战剂）的传感器系统和方法。 传感器系统包括高灵敏度，高度选择性的传感器单元，其包含与目标活微生物DNA的一部分互补的单链寡核酸序列，所述低聚核酸已经用共价连接的电子 供体和受体部分。 在目标微生物的存在下，在修饰的寡核酸和微生物的DNA之间发生杂交，使得电子传递部分之间的电子传导性大大增加，从而提供检测目标活微生物的存在的手段。 传感器系统除传感器单元之外还包括在传感器单元壁中的入口端口，用于将样品从流体环境引入传感器单元; 细胞壁破坏剂将流体样品的核酸释放到传感器单元中; 电子传递速率测量系统，用于测量修饰的寡核酸的电子转移部分之间的电子传递速率; 电源; 微控制器分析测量的电子传递速率以获得杂交证据; 以及用于将关于目标活微生物的存在或不存在的信息中继到传感器系统的用户的通信系统。 可以想到的是，不包括电池和泵组件的传感器系统将仅稍微大于一包香烟和足够的光，以便人员舒适地佩戴和携带。
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公开(公告)号：US5060860A
公开(公告)日：1991-10-29
申请号：US395693
申请日：1989-08-18
申请人： Clifford A. Megerle
发明人： Clifford A. Megerle
CPC分类号： B05B5/16 , B05B12/14 , B05B5/1608
摘要： A system and process for metering the delivery of liquids wherein the conductivity of the liquids is monitored at a metering device, such as a spray gun. Measurement of conductivity at the metering device provides continual measurement for fluctuations in conductivity and is useful for controlling liquid flow during sequential metering of different liquids.
摘要翻译： 用于计量液体输送的系统和方法，其中在诸如喷枪的计量装置处监测液体的电导率。 计量装置上的电导率测量提供连续测量电导率的波动，并且可用于在不同液体顺序计量期间控制液体流动。
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公开(公告)号：US06391624B1
公开(公告)日：2002-05-21
申请号：US09585549
申请日：2000-06-02
申请人： Clifford A. Megerle
发明人： Clifford A. Megerle
IPC分类号： C12M134
CPC分类号： C12Q1/6834 , C12Q1/6825 , C12Q2563/113
摘要： An improved biological probe is disclosed that employs a plurality of groups of modified single-stranded DNA attached to a single electrode. Using a plurality of such groups increases the inherent sensitivity of the probe by providing additional hybridization location sites and also serves to improve performance by diminishing steric hindrance caused by the crowding and tangling of the long single-stranded oligionucleotide molecules. The modification of the oligionucleotides involves the attachment of electron donor and acceptor moieties that alters the electrochemical properties of the hybridized molecules. The selected groups of modified oligionucleotides are complementary to unique characteristic sequences of the target DNA or RNA. A sample that containing oligionucleotides of a target biological agent is brought into contact with the probe and complementary portions of the molecules will hybridize with the oligionucleotides attached to the probe. When voltage is applied to the electrode, current will flow through the hybridized molecules with little resistance. Measurement of the current or changes in the current within the probe will indicate the presence of target DNA or RNA.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种改进的生物探针，其使用连接到单个电极的多组修饰的单链DNA。 使用多个这样的基团通过提供额外的杂交位置位点增加了探针的固有灵敏度，并且还用于通过减少由长单链寡核苷酸分子的拥挤和缠结引起的空间位阻来改善性能。 寡核苷酸的修饰涉及电子供体和受体部分的连接，其改变杂化分子的电化学性质。 所选择的修饰的寡核苷酸组与靶DNA或RNA的独特特征序列互补。 使含有靶生物剂的寡核苷酸的样品与探针接触，并且分子的互补部分将与附着于探针的寡核苷酸杂交。 当电压施加到电极时，电流将以很小的阻力流过杂化分子。 探针中电流或电流变化的测量将指示靶DNA或RNA的存在。
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