Abstract:
A method and apparatus for monitoring an electronic control system such that provision is made for the complete data of at least one memory to be read sequentially into an ECC unit, which can be filled very rapidly from the memory, and automatically checked there, with no need to transfer the complete data in time-consuming fashion to a processor; the ECC check width encompassing the data of a plurality of memory cells of the memory and being able to be a multiple of the read word width of the processor; an additional datum being created in each case for the data of a ECC check width and being storable in the memory, and the entire code/data region of the at least one memory therefore being able to be checked, outside the ongoing instruction accesses, by the fact that for each request by the processor for the contents of a single memory cell, the ECC unit is filled from the memory to the entire ECC check width including the additional datum; a check datum being created from the data of the complete ECC check width and the check datum automatically being compared, in the ECC unit, with the stored additional datum.
Abstract:
In order to detect the exchange of a module, identified by a serial number, in a microprocessor system,a code number, which is obtained from the serial number by using an encryption method, as well as information required for calculating the serial number from the code number, are stored in the microprocessor system;the code number is read and an unencrypted serial number is calculated from the code number with the aid of the information; andthe decrypted serial number thus obtained is compared to the serial number of the module and the module is detected as exchanged if its serial number does not match the decrypted serial number.
Abstract:
A microprocessor system includes a plurality of modules, among them a microprocessor and at least one storage module for storing the code and/or data for the microprocessor. Stored, in a non-changeable manner, in at least one of the modules, referred to as exchange-protected module, is a serial number of this module. A control module is configured to receive a data value specified by the at least one serial number and to block, at least partially, the function of the microprocessor system if the received data value does not match an expected data value encoded in the control module.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for monitoring an electronic control system, where code of a memory is, in a context of ongoing instruction accesses, transferable via a word line out of the memory to a control unit having a specific word width encompassing code of a plurality of memory cells of the memory and where an additional datum is created in each case for the code of a word width and is storable in the memory, may include an arrangement that, outside the ongoing instruction accesses, checks an entire code of the memory by selecting for each word width a single memory cell to thereby activate a complete word line, that creates a check datum from code of the complete word line, and that compares the check datum with the stored additional datum.
Abstract:
Optical devices that have at least one optical element and a plurality of kinematic components are disclosed. The number m of the kinematic components of one type exceed the number n of degrees of freedom in which the optical element can be manipulated. At least one of the n degrees of freedom can be x-displacement, y-displacement, z-displacement or tilt.
Abstract:
System for contactless energy transmission includes a primary side winding and a secondary side winding that is rotatable relative to the primary side winding, a coil core being provided on the primary side winding, whose sectional view in at least one sectional plane containing the axis of rotation is formed as a U shape or C shape around the winding region of the primary side winding.
Abstract:
The disclosure relates to an optical element configure to at least partial spatially resolve correction of a wavefront aberration of an optical system (e.g., a projection exposure apparatus for microlithography) to which optical radiation can be applied, as well as related systems and methods.
Abstract:
A projection objective of a microlithographic projection exposure apparatus comprises a manipulator for reducing rotationally asymmetric image errors. The manipulator in turn contains a lens, an optical element and an interspace formed between the lens and the optical element, which can be filled with a liquid. At least one actuator acting exclusively on the lens is furthermore provided, which can generate a rotationally asymmetric deformation of the lens.
Abstract:
An imaging device in a projection exposure machine for microlithography has at least one optical element and at least one manipulator, having a linear drive, for manipulating the position of the optical element. The linear drive has a driven subregion and a nondriven subregion, which are movable relative to one another in the direction of a movement axis. The subregions are interconnected at least temporarily via functional elements with an active axis and via functional elements with an active direction at least approximately parallel to the movement axis.
Abstract:
Steam iron comprising a sole (1) in thermal communication with a heating body (5) equipped with a steam chamber (53), the steam chamber (53) communicating with a reservoir (7) by means of a supply circuit comprising a flow control valve (10) whose degree of opening is controlled by a thermally deformable element (16) in thermal communication with the heating body (5), characterized in that the opening of the control valve (10) is braked, beginning at an intermediate temperature, by a stabilizing element (18) that exerts a force that opposes the force generated by the thermally deformable element (16).