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公开(公告)号：US4857259A
公开(公告)日：1989-08-15
申请号：US863899
申请日：1986-05-16
摘要： A neutron dosimeter and a method for neutron dosimetry involving a two-layer structure, one layer being a fissile material, and the other being a material which changes its conductivity in accordance with a density of implanted ions. Neutrons striking the fissile material result in the production of energetic ions, a determinable number of which implant themselves in the second layer and so alter its conductivity. Measurements of the conductivity of the second layer provide information from which neutron dose may be inferred.
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公开(公告)号：US5250388A
公开(公告)日：1993-10-05
申请号：US200331
申请日：1988-05-31
CPC分类号： H01L51/0508 , B29C59/16 , H01L51/002 , H01L51/0041 , H01L51/0512 , H01L51/0516 , H01L51/0541 , B29C2035/0872
摘要： Processes for producing stable, radiation hard, highly conductive polymers by a combination of chemical doping and ion irradiation and microelectronics are described. The highly conductive polymers formed by these processes may contain regions of different kinds of conductivity on the same polymer. Resist coatings and masks are used in conjunction with chemical doping and ion irradiation to create specific predetermined n and p conductivity patterns and insulation areas on polymeric films of selected thicknesses for electronic circuitry applications. The resulting circuitry, besides having a conductivity approaching that of metal, is extremely light in weight, flexible, and conductively stable. Several different configurations of microelectronic junction devices fabricated from single type or multiple type conductivity polymer films used either alone or with a polymer of opposite conductivity and a suitable metal or metals are disclosed.
摘要翻译： 描述了通过化学掺杂和离子照射和微电子的组合产生稳定的，辐射硬的，高导电的聚合物的方法。 通过这些方法形成的高导电性聚合物可以在同一聚合物上含有不同种类的导电性的区域。 抗蚀剂涂层和掩模与化学掺杂和离子辐射结合使用，以在电子电路应用的选定厚度的聚合物膜上产生特定的预定n和p导电图案和绝缘区域。 所得到的电路除了具有接近金属的导电性之外，重量轻，柔性和导电稳定性非常轻。 公开了由单一或多类型导电聚合物膜制造的微电子连接装置的几种不同结构，其单独使用或与具有相反导电性的聚合物和适用的金属或金属一起使用。
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公开(公告)号：US4804514A
公开(公告)日：1989-02-14
申请号：US939834
申请日：1986-12-09
摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring a neutron flux in which the neutrons induce fission reactions in the layer of fissile material, the fission reactions in turn inducing light pulses in a scintillator material. A photomultiplier tube detects the light pulses and emits an electrical pulse in response. The electrical pulses are summed, checked for coincidence, stored, and otherwise manipulated in order to detect and measure neutron flux. In one advantageous embodiment of the invention, several different fissile materials or coated and uncoated fissile materials are used in order to obtain a spectral distribution of the incident neutron flux. At another embodiment, opposed detectors are used in order to discriminate between actual neutron-induced fission events and background events.
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公开(公告)号：US5539788A
公开(公告)日：1996-07-23
申请号：US958215
申请日：1992-10-08
申请人： Frank H. Ruddy , Thomas V. Congedo , David C. Grant , Edward J. Lahoda , Joseph L. Gonzalez , John G. Seidel , John Bartko , David F. McLaughlin
发明人： Frank H. Ruddy , Thomas V. Congedo , David C. Grant , Edward J. Lahoda , Joseph L. Gonzalez , John G. Seidel , John Bartko , David F. McLaughlin
IPC分类号： G01N23/222 , G01V5/02 , G21G1/06
CPC分类号： G01V5/02 , G01N23/222 , G01N2223/0745 , G01N2223/204 , G01N2223/601
摘要： A system for determining depth profiles of concentrations of hazardous elements in soils comprises a neutron source for generating neutrons of a first energy level and irradiating a volume of soil with the neutrons. Nuclear reactions are effected within the soil and gamma radiation is emitted from the soil. The system also includes an array of gamma detectors for detecting gamma radiation emitted from the soil; source electronics for controlling the width of regularly repeated pulses of neutrons generated by the neutron source; detector electronics associated with the gamma detectors for amplifying and digitalizing signals generated by the gamma detectors and storing data representing the digitalized signals; spectral analysis software for analyzing the data and determining the concentrations of selected target elements in the soil; and an acquisition interface module (AIM). The AIM controls the timing of the source and detector electronics such that the neutron source generates neutrons in regularly repeated bursts of a prescribed pulse width and the detectors and detector electronics detect gamma rays during a plurality of time intervals associated with the burst and acquire groups of data. Each group is indicative of a number of gamma rays emitted and their energy levels during a corresponding time interval. The system also includes a mobile platform carrying the neutron source, array of gamma ray detectors and software for determining a depth profile of a target element. Trace elements can also be detected with the disclosed system.
摘要翻译： 用于确定土壤中有害元素浓度深度分布的系统包括用于产生第一能级中子并用中子照射一定体积土壤的中子源。 核反应在土壤中进行，γ辐射从土壤中排出。 该系统还包括用于检测从土壤发射的γ辐射的伽马检测器阵列; 源电子器件，用于控制由中子源产生的规则重复的中子脉冲的宽度; 与γ检测器相关联的检测器电子器件，用于放大和数字化由伽马检测器产生的信号并存储表示数字化信号的数据; 光谱分析软件，用于分析数据并确定土壤中选定的目标元素的浓度; 和采集接口模块（AIM）。 AIM控制源和检测器电子设备的定时，使得中子源以规定的脉冲宽度的规则重复脉冲串产生中子，并且检测器和检测器电子装置在与突发相关联的多个时间间隔内检测伽马射线，并获取 数据。 每个组指示在相应的时间间隔期间发射的伽马射线数量及其能量水平。 该系统还包括携带中子源，伽马射线探测器阵列和用于确定目标元件的深度分布的软件的移动平台。 也可以利用所公开的系统检测微量元素。
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公开(公告)号：US5414195A
公开(公告)日：1995-05-09
申请号：US899962
申请日：1992-06-17
申请人： Steven H. Peterson , Edward J. Lahoda , David C. Grant , Edward F. Sverdrup , Thomas V. Congedo , John Bartko , Robert E. Witkowski , Arthur L. Wolfe , William D. Partlow , Michael C. Skriba
发明人： Steven H. Peterson , Edward J. Lahoda , David C. Grant , Edward F. Sverdrup , Thomas V. Congedo , John Bartko , Robert E. Witkowski , Arthur L. Wolfe , William D. Partlow , Michael C. Skriba
CPC分类号： G01N23/12 , G01N21/718 , G01N21/85 , Y10S588/90
摘要： The concentrations of residual heavy metal contaminants in the particulate material in a slurry produced in a particulate material washing process are monitored on-line and can be used to control the washing process. In alternative embodiments of the invention, x-rays, thermal neutrons or laser beams are directed at the slurry as it flows through a flow cell to induce emission of secondary x-rays, gamma rays or light, respectively, characteristic of the heavy metal contaminants and constituents representative of the solids contents of the slurry. These characteristic energies are measured and used to determine the concentration in ppm of the residual heavy metal contaminants in the particulate material within the slurry.
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6.发明授权System and method for on-line monitoring and control of heavy metal contamination in soil washing process 失效土壤清洗过程中重金属污染的在线监测与控制系统及方法
公开(公告)号：US5133901A
公开(公告)日：1992-07-28
申请号：US663962
申请日：1991-03-01
申请人： Steven H. Peterson , Edward J. Lahoda , David C. Grant , Edward F. Sverdrup , Thomas V. Congedo , John Bartko , Robert E. Witkowski , Arthur L. Wolfe , William D. Partlow , Michael C. Skriba
发明人： Steven H. Peterson , Edward J. Lahoda , David C. Grant , Edward F. Sverdrup , Thomas V. Congedo , John Bartko , Robert E. Witkowski , Arthur L. Wolfe , William D. Partlow , Michael C. Skriba
CPC分类号： G01N23/12 , G01N21/718 , G01N21/85 , Y10S588/90
摘要： The concentrations of residual heavy metal contaminants in the particulate material in a slurry produced in a particulate material washing process are monitored on-line and can be used to control the washing process. In alternative embodiments of the invention, x-rays, thermal neutrons or laser beams are directed at the slurry as it flows through a flow cell to induce emission of secondary x-rays, gamma rays or light, respectively, characteristic of the heavy metal contaminants and constituents representative of the solids contents of the slurry. These characteristic energies are measured and used to determine the concentration in ppm of the residual heavy metal contaminants in the particulate material within the slurry.
摘要翻译： 在颗粒材料洗涤过程中生产的浆料中的颗粒材料中的残余重金属污染物的浓度在线监测并可用于控制洗涤过程。 在本发明的替代实施例中，X射线，热中子或激光束在浆液流过流动池时被引导以分别引发重金属污染物特征的二次x射线，γ射线或光的发射 以及代表浆料的固体含量的成分。 这些特征能量被测量并用于确定浆料内颗粒材料中残余重金属污染物的浓度ppm。
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公开(公告)号：US5038042A
公开(公告)日：1991-08-06
申请号：US466141
申请日：1990-01-16
申请人： J. Richard Hansen , John Bartko
发明人： J. Richard Hansen , John Bartko
CPC分类号： G01T1/2002 , G01T1/202
摘要： High resolution scintillation counters comprise a flat-faced photomultiplier tube 10 optically coupled to a long scintillator rod 30 having reduced internal light reflectance 45 and a medium 55 between the photomultiplier tube and the scintillator, said medium having both an index of refraction less than that of the scintillator and the capacity to attenuate light traveling from the scintillator to the photomultiplier on the basis of the light's point of origin within the scintillator. In preferred embodiments, the medium comprises air. The scintillation counters disclosed are useful in the detection of electromagnetic radiation, especially gamma rays.
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8.发明授权Forming of contoured irradiated regions in materials such as semiconductor bodies by nuclear radiation 失效通过核辐射在诸如半导体物质的材料中形成轮廓照射区域
公开(公告)号：US4278475A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-14
申请号：US936
申请日：1979-01-04
申请人： John Bartko , Earl S. Schlegel
发明人： John Bartko , Earl S. Schlegel
IPC分类号： H01L21/322 , H01L21/263 , H01L29/32 , H01L7/54 , H01L21/22
CPC分类号： H01L21/263 , H01L29/32 , Y10S438/961
摘要： Irradiated regions are formed in materials such as semiconductor bodies by nuclear radiation where the irradiated regions are of a desired thickness, dosage and dosage gradient, a desired distance from a selected surface of the material. A nuclear radiation beam from a given radiation source radiating particles with molecular weight of at least one (1) is provided that can penetrate the material through a selected surface to a depth greater than the maximum depth of the irradiated region from the selected surface. A beam modifier is formed of a given material and non-uniform shape to modify the energy of the radiation beam on transmission therethrough to form a transmitted radiation beam capable of forming an irradiated region of a desired thickness and dosage gradient in the material a given distance from the selected surface on irradiation of the material through the selected surface with the transmitted radiation beam. The material in which the desired irradiated region is to be formed is positioned with the selected surface thereof to be exposed to the radiation beam from the radiation source on transmission through the beam modifier. The material is thereafter irradiated through the beam modifier and through the selected surface with the radiation beam, preferably while the beam modifier and material are moved relative to each other through a predetermined motion, to form in the material an irradiated region of desired thickness, dosage and dosage gradient, a desired distance from the selected surface. The irradiated region thus formed in semiconductor bodies are particularly of value in changing the electrical characteristics without substantial change of other electrical characteristics.
摘要翻译： 照射区域通过核辐射在诸如半导体物质的材料中形成，其中照射区域具有期望的厚度，剂量和剂量梯度，与材料的选定表面的期望距离。 提供了辐射分子量为至少一个（1）的分子量的给定辐射源的核辐射束，其能够穿过选定表面的深度大于被选择表面的照射区域的最大深度的深度。 光束修改器由给定的材料和不均匀的形状形成，以改变辐射束在其中穿过其中的能量，以形成能够在材料中形成给定距离的期望厚度和剂量梯度的辐射区域的透射辐射束 通过所述透射的辐射束通过所选择的表面照射材料从所选择的表面。 将要形成所需照射区域的材料定位成使其选择的表面暴露于通过光束改性剂透射时来自辐射源的辐射束。 然后，材料通过光束调节剂并通过所选择的表面用辐射束照射，优选地，当光束调节剂和材料通过预定的运动相对于彼此移动时，在材料中形成所需厚度的照射区域，剂量 和剂量梯度，与所选表面的期望距离。 由此形成在半导体本体中的照射区域在改变电特性而没有其他电特性的实质变化的情况下特别有价值。
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9.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4240844A
公开(公告)日：1980-12-23
申请号：US972302
申请日：1978-12-22
IPC分类号： H01L21/322 , H01L21/263 , H01L21/26
CPC分类号： H01L21/263 , Y10S148/165
摘要： The switching time of certain semiconductor devices is decreased while maintaining other electrical characteristics of the devices by irradiating them with a neutron radiation source of greater than 1.0 Mev. to a dosage between 1.times.10.sup.11 and 1.times.10.sup.15 neutrons per square centimeter. The irradiation is preferably to a dosage between 1.times.10.sup.1 and 1.times.10.sup.14 neutrons per square centimeter and preferably has substantial energy greater than 14 Mev. The devices are also annealed during and/or subsequent to the irradiation at a temperature higher than the highest specified temperature and preferably at least 50.degree. C. higher than the highest specified temperature.
摘要翻译： 某些半导体器件的切换时间减少，同时通过用大于1.0Mev的中子辐射源照射器件来保持器件的其它电气特性。 至1x1011至1×10 15个中子每平方厘米的剂量。 照射优选为每平方厘米1×101-1×1014个中子之间的剂量，并且优选具有大于14Mev的实质能量。 在高于最高规定温度且优选高于最高规定温度的至少50℃的温度下，在照射期间和/或之后也将器件退火。
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公开(公告)号：US4881247A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-14
申请号：US325016
申请日：1989-03-16
申请人： Richard C. Smith , John Bartko , Arnold H. Fero
发明人： Richard C. Smith , John Bartko , Arnold H. Fero
IPC分类号： G21C17/06
CPC分类号： G21C17/063
摘要： Disclosed is a method and apparatus for measuring the burnup of nuclear fuel. A curve giving the calculated relationship between the fast neutron emission rate and the burnup of fuel is prepared. The fast neutron counting rate from a sample of nuclear fuel of known burnup is measured and the proportionality ratio between that measurement and the fast neutron emission given by the curve for the same burnup is determined. The fast neutron counting rate of nuclear fuel of unknown burnup is then measured and multiplied by the proportionality ratio to determine the fast neutron emission rate, from which the unknown burnup is then determined by means of the curve.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于测量核燃料燃耗的方法和装置。 给出了快中子排放速率和燃料燃耗之间计算关系的曲线。 测量已知燃耗的核燃料样品的快中子计数率，并确定该测量与同一燃耗曲线给出的快中子发射之间的比例比。 然后测量未知燃耗的核燃料的快中子计数率并乘以比例比，以确定快中子排放速率，然后通过曲线确定未知燃耗。
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