公开(公告)号：US08695687B2

公开(公告)日：2014-04-15

申请号：US12965616

申请日：2010-12-10

申请人： John S. Paschkewitz ,  Eric Shrader ,  David Mathew Johnson ,  John Stuart Fitch

发明人： John S. Paschkewitz ,  Eric Shrader ,  David Mathew Johnson ,  John Stuart Fitch

IPC分类号： F28D15/00 ,  H01L23/427

CPC分类号： B21D53/06 ,  B21C37/08 ,  B21C37/0803 ,  B21C37/083 ,  B21D15/02 ,  F28D15/0233 ,  F28D15/0275 ,  F28D15/046 ,  F28F1/025 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A hybrid pin-fin micro heat pipe heat sink consists of a plurality of heat pipes secured to a base. The heat pipes have a generally hollow cross-section which transitions from a first cross-sectional shape (e.g., circular) to a second cross-sectional shape (e.g., triangular). A heat transfer medium (e.g., saturated steam) is sealed within the heat pipes. Cooling plates may be disposed over the base with the heat pipes in physical contact with and passing through the cooling plates. The method of manufacturing the heat pipes consists of passing a heat transfer medium through a pipe section having a first cross-sectional shape while transitioning to a second cross-sectional shape (e.g., by way of a rolling die press), then crimping the ends closed to seal the heat transfer medium therein.

摘要翻译： 混合针鳍微热管散热器由固定到基座的多个热管组成。 热管具有从第一横截面形状（例如圆形）向第二横截面形状（例如，三角形）转变的大致中空的横截面。 传热介质（例如饱和蒸汽）被密封在热管内。 冷却板可以设置在基座上方，热管与冷却板物理接触并通过冷却板。 制造热管的方法包括将传热介质通过具有第一横截面形状的管段，同时过渡到第二横截面形状（例如，通过压模），然后将端部 封闭以密封其中的传热介质。

公开(公告)号：US20120145356A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-14

申请号：US12965616

申请日：2010-12-10

申请人： John S. Paschkewitz ,  Eric Shrader ,  David Mathew Johnson ,  John Stuart Fitch

发明人： John S. Paschkewitz ,  Eric Shrader ,  David Mathew Johnson ,  John Stuart Fitch

IPC分类号： F28D15/04 ,  B21D53/06

CPC分类号： B21D53/06 ,  B21C37/08 ,  B21C37/0803 ,  B21C37/083 ,  B21D15/02 ,  F28D15/0233 ,  F28D15/0275 ,  F28D15/046 ,  F28F1/025 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A hybrid pin-fin micro heat pipe heat sink comprises a plurality of heat pipes secured to a base. The heat pipes have a generally hollow cross-section which transitions from a first cross-sectional shape (e.g., circular) to a second cross-sectional shape (e.g., triangular). A heat transfer medium (e.g., saturated steam) is sealed within the heat pipes. Cooling plates may be disposed over the base with the heat pipes in physical contact with and passing through the cooling plates. The method of manufacturing the heat pipes comprises passing a heat transfer medium through a pipe section having a first cross-sectional shape while transitioning to a second cross-sectional shape (e.g., by way of a rolling die press), then crimping the ends closed to seal the heat transfer medium therein.

摘要翻译： 混合销翅微型热管散热器包括固定到基座的多个热管。 热管具有从第一横截面形状（例如圆形）向第二横截面形状（例如，三角形）转变的大致中空的横截面。 传热介质（例如饱和蒸汽）被密封在热管内。 冷却板可以设置在基座上方，热管与冷却板物理接触并通过冷却板。 制造热管的方法包括使传热介质通过具有第一横截面形状的管段，同时过渡到第二横截面形状（例如，通过压模），然后将端部压紧 以密封其中的传热介质。

公开(公告)号：US08659042B2

公开(公告)日：2014-02-25

申请号：US12974575

申请日：2010-12-21

申请人： John S. Paschkewitz ,  Eric Shrader

发明人： John S. Paschkewitz ,  Eric Shrader

IPC分类号： H01L33/00

CPC分类号： F21V29/51 ,  F21V7/10 ,  F21V29/505 ,  F21V29/773 ,  F21Y2115/10 ,  F28D15/0233 ,  F28D15/0266 ,  F28F2255/00 ,  H01L23/427 ,  H01L33/642 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A low-cost integrated reflector and heat spreader for high-density high power solid-state (e.g., LED) lighting arrays includes a base structure onto which is applied a sacrificial material. A relatively thick thermal spray coating is applied over the base structure and sacrificial material. The sacrificial material is removed. A channel(s) is thereby provided within the thermal spray coating layer and in physical contact with the base structure. The channel may be filled with a cooling fluid. A pulsating heat pipe heat spreader may thereby be provided. A reflective material may be provided either over another surface of the base structure or alternatively over the thermal spray coating layer to provide a surface for reflecting and directing light emitted from a solid state light source that may be secured to the integrated reflector and heat spreader.

摘要翻译： 用于高密度高功率固态（例如LED）照明阵列的低成本集成反射器和散热器包括在其上施加牺牲材料的基底结构。 在基础结构和牺牲材料上施加相对较厚的热喷涂。 牺牲材料被去除。 因此，在热喷涂层内设置通道并与基体结构物理接触。 通道可以填充有冷却流体。 由此可以设置脉动热管散热器。 反射材料可以设置在基底结构的另一个表面上，或者可选地设置在热喷涂涂层上，以提供用于反射和引导可固定到集成反射器和散热器的固态光源发射的光的表面。

公开(公告)号：US20120153325A1

公开(公告)日：2012-06-21

申请号：US12974575

申请日：2010-12-21

申请人： John S. Paschkewitz ,  Eric Shrader

发明人： John S. Paschkewitz ,  Eric Shrader

IPC分类号： H01L33/60 ,  H01L21/50 ,  C23C4/02 ,  C23C4/12 ,  C23C4/06

CPC分类号： F21V29/51 ,  F21V7/10 ,  F21V29/505 ,  F21V29/773 ,  F21Y2115/10 ,  F28D15/0233 ,  F28D15/0266 ,  F28F2255/00 ,  H01L23/427 ,  H01L33/642 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

摘要： A low-cost integrated reflector and heat spreader for high-density high power solid-state (e.g., LED) lighting arrays includes a base structure onto which is applied a sacrificial material. A relatively thick thermal spray coating is applied over the base structure and sacrificial material. The sacrificial material is removed. A channel(s) is thereby provided within the thermal spray coating layer and in physical contact with the base structure. The channel may be filled with a cooling fluid. A pulsating heat pipe heat spreader may thereby be provided. A reflective material may be provided either over another surface of the base structure or alternatively over the thermal spray coating layer to provide a surface for reflecting and directing light emitted from a solid state light source that may be secured to the integrated reflector and heat spreader.

摘要翻译： 用于高密度高功率固态（例如LED）照明阵列的低成本集成反射器和散热器包括在其上施加牺牲材料的基底结构。 在基础结构和牺牲材料上施加相对较厚的热喷涂。 牺牲材料被去除。 因此，在热喷涂层内设置通道并与基体结构物理接触。 通道可以填充有冷却流体。 由此可以设置脉动热管散热器。 反射材料可以设置在基底结构的另一表面上，或者另外设置在热喷涂涂层上，以提供用于反射和引导可固定到集成反射器和散热器的固态光源发出的光的表面。

公开(公告)号：US08551556B2

公开(公告)日：2013-10-08

申请号：US11943453

申请日：2007-11-20

申请人： Eric Shrader ,  Uma Srinivasan ,  Clark Crawford ,  Scott Limb

发明人： Eric Shrader ,  Uma Srinivasan ,  Clark Crawford ,  Scott Limb

IPC分类号： B05D5/12 ,  B05D5/06 ,  B05D5/00

CPC分类号： G03F7/2018 ,  H05K3/0079 ,  H05K3/108 ,  H05K3/184 ,  H05K2203/013 ,  H05K2203/0577 ,  H05K2203/0588

摘要： High aspect ratio structures can be obtained by print-patterning masking features in feature stacks such that each feature has a lateral edge which is aligned in a plane roughly perpendicular to the plane of the substrate on which the features are formed. Due to the differential lateral spreading between features formed on a substrate and formed atop other features, the print head is indexed less than the radius of a droplet to a position where a droplet ejected by the print head forms an upper feature atop a lower feature such that the lateral edges of the upper and lower features are aligned in the plane roughly perpendicular to the plane of the substrate. Feature stacks of two or more features may provide a vertical (or re-entrant) sidewall mask for formation of high aspect ratio structures, by e.g., electroplating, etc.

摘要翻译： 可以通过在特征堆叠中打印图案化掩模特征来获得高纵横比结构，使得每个特征具有在大致垂直于其上形成有特征的基底的平面的平面中对准的横向边缘。 由于形成在基板上并形成在其它特征上的特征之间的差异横向扩展，打印头被折射小于液滴的半径到由打印头喷射的液滴在下部特征顶部形成上部特征的位置，例如 上和下特征的侧边缘在大致垂直于基板的平面的平面中对准。 两个或更多个特征的特征堆叠可以提供用于形成高纵横比结构的垂直（或重入）侧壁掩模，例如通过电镀等。

公开(公告)号：US07615375B2

公开(公告)日：2009-11-10

申请号：US10739852

申请日：2003-12-18

申请人： Francisco E. Torres ,  Karl Littau ,  Eric Shrader

发明人： Francisco E. Torres ,  Karl Littau ,  Eric Shrader

IPC分类号： G01N7/00

CPC分类号： G01N13/04 ,  G01N7/10 ,  Y10T436/11

摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring the presence or absence of reaction between a first and second material of interest by measuring osmotic pressure changes in a reaction cell. The reaction cell is capable of measuring the small changes in pressure that occur due to osmotic pressure shifts during a catalytic or binding reaction at species concentrations down to approximately 10−7 M.

摘要翻译： 一种通过测量反应池中的渗透压变化来测量感兴趣的第一和第二材料之间是否存在反应的方法和装置。 反应池能够测量在催化或结合反应期间在物质浓度低至约10 -7 M时由于渗透压移动而发生的压力变化小。

公开(公告)号：US20090260425A1

公开(公告)日：2009-10-22

申请号：US12493668

申请日：2009-06-29

申请人： Francisco E. Torres ,  Eric Shrader ,  Karl Littau

发明人： Francisco E. Torres ,  Eric Shrader ,  Karl Littau

IPC分类号： G01N13/04

CPC分类号： G01N13/04 ,  Y10S436/807

摘要： An apparatus and system for measuring the presence or absence of reaction between a first and second material of interest by measuring osmotic pressure changes of reaction detector. The reaction detector is capable of measuring the small changes in pressure that occur due to osmotic pressure shifts during a catalytic or binding reaction at species concentrations down to approximately 10−7 M.

摘要翻译： 一种用于通过测量反应检测器的渗透压变化来测量感兴趣的第一和第二材料之间是否存在反应的装置和系统。 反应检测器能够测量在催化或结合反应期间由于渗透压变化而产生的压力变化小于约10-7M的物质浓度。

公开(公告)号：US07553669B2

公开(公告)日：2009-06-30

申请号：US10739853

申请日：2003-12-18

申请人： Francisco E. Torres ,  Eric Shrader ,  Karl Littau

发明人： Francisco E. Torres ,  Eric Shrader ,  Karl Littau

IPC分类号： G01N33/00 ,  G01N7/00 ,  C12Q1/68

CPC分类号： G01N13/04 ,  Y10S436/807

摘要： A method and apparatus for measuring the presence or absence of reaction between a first and second material of interest by measuring osmotic pressure changes of reaction detector. The reaction detector is capable of measuring the small changes in pressure that occur due to osmotic pressure shifts during a catalytic or binding reaction at species concentrations down to approximately 10−7 M.

摘要翻译： 通过测量反应检测器的渗透压变化来测量感兴趣的第一和第二材料之间是否存在反应的方法和装置。 反应检测器能够测量在催化或结合反应期间由于渗透压变化而产生的压力变化小于约10-7M的物质浓度。

公开(公告)号：US20090123873A1

公开(公告)日：2009-05-14

申请号：US11938195

申请日：2007-11-09

申请人： Eric Shrader ,  Uma Srinivasan ,  Clark Crawford ,  Scott Limb

发明人： Eric Shrader ,  Uma Srinivasan ,  Clark Crawford ,  Scott Limb

IPC分类号： G03F7/26 ,  H05K1/02

CPC分类号： H05K3/0082 ,  H05K3/0023 ,  H05K3/28 ,  H05K3/42 ,  H05K2201/09545 ,  H05K2203/013 ,  H05K2203/0191 ,  H05K2203/0551 ,  H05K2203/0783

摘要： A method for masking regions of photoresist in the manufacture of a soldermask for printed circuit boards is disclosed. Following application of photoresist over patterned traces on a substrate, a sheet-like thin film is applied over the photosensitive material. The thin film may adhere to the photosensitive material by way of the adhesive state of the photosensitive material or by way of an adhesive applied to the photosensitive material or the thin film or carried by the thin film. Digital mask printing may proceed on the surface of the thin film. The photosensitive material may then be exposed through the printed photomask, the thin film (with photomask) removed, and the photosensitive material developed.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种在制造用于印刷电路板的焊接掩模时掩蔽光致抗蚀剂区域的方法。 在基板上的图案化迹线上施加光致抗蚀剂之后，将片状薄膜施加在感光材料上。 薄膜可以通过感光材料的粘合状态或通过施加到感光材料或薄膜上的粘合剂或由薄膜承载的粘合剂粘附到感光材料上。 数字掩模印刷可以在薄膜的表面上进行。 然后可以通过印刷的光掩模曝光感光材料，除去薄膜（带有光掩模），并且感光材料显影。

公开(公告)号：US07811741B2

公开(公告)日：2010-10-12

申请号：US12391499

申请日：2009-02-24

申请人： Peter M. Kazmaier ,  Eric Shrader ,  Kentaro Morimitsu ,  Tyler Norsten ,  Gabriel Iftime ,  Fazilia Seker ,  Naveen Chopra

发明人： Peter M. Kazmaier ,  Eric Shrader ,  Kentaro Morimitsu ,  Tyler Norsten ,  Gabriel Iftime ,  Fazilia Seker ,  Naveen Chopra

IPC分类号： G03F7/00 ,  G03F7/004 ,  G03F7/20

CPC分类号： G03C1/685 ,  G03C1/73

摘要： An image-forming medium and methods for forming and imaging the medium are provided. The disclosed medium can be strongly colored under room illumination (or deliberate UV) and can be selectively discolored at an appropriate light wavelength to form an image. In one embodiment, the image-forming medium can include a substrate (e.g., a sheet of paper), a photochromic material incorporated with the substrate, and a photo-absorbing material incorporated with the photochromic material. Exemplary methods for using the image-forming medium to make a transient image can include first forming the image-forming medium by applying a coating solution containing photochromic material to the substrate or paper. The image-forming medium can have a medium color and can then be selectively exposed to a radiation through a mask to convert the photochromic material from a colored form to a colorless form and thus to form an image having a color contrast with its background.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种图像形成介质以及用于形成和成像介质的方法。 所公开的介质可以在室内照明（或有意识的UV）下强烈着色，并且可以在适当的光波长下选择性地变色以形成图像。 在一个实施例中，图像形成介质可以包括基底（例如，一张纸），与基底结合的光致变色材料以及与光致变色材料结合的光吸收材料。 使用图像形成介质进行瞬时图像的示例性方法可以包括首先通过将含有光致变色材料的涂布溶液涂布到基材或纸上来形成图像形成介质。 图像形成介质可以具有中等颜色，然后可以通过掩模选择性地暴露于辐射，以将光致变色材料从有色形式转变成无色形式，并因此形成具有背景色彩对比度的图像。