公开(公告)号：US07099136B2

公开(公告)日：2006-08-29

申请号：US10691957

申请日：2003-10-23

申请人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

发明人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

IPC分类号： H01H47/00

CPC分类号： F01L9/04 ,  F01L2009/0436 ,  F01L2009/0469 ,  F01L2101/00 ,  F01L2800/00

摘要： A system and method for state space control of solenoids, particularly engine valve solenoids with two latching positions. A collection of trajectories are computed or measured, having low-impact landings with latching from different initial energies. The trajectories define flux linkage and electric current functions of the two variables, position and velocity. These tracking functions define future projections based on present inputs. In operation, the controller monitors position, velocity, flux linkage, and current, uses the functions to compute future current and flux linkage, and adjusts the drive voltage to hit the future flux linkage target, causing the system to track a precomputed trajectory to successful landing. An array of tracking functions incorporates varying valve flow influences and corrective actuation. Drift from a precomputed trajectory indicates an unanticipated valve flow influence and a new tracking function selection, leading to course corrections anticipating flow influences.

摘要翻译： 一种用于螺线管的状态空间控制的系统和方法，特别是具有两个锁定位置的发动机气门螺线管。 计算或测量轨迹的集合，具有不同初始能量锁定的低冲击着陆。 轨迹定义了两个变量的位置和速度的磁链和电流函数。 这些跟踪功能根据现在的输入定义未来的预测。 在操作中，控制器监视位置，速度，磁链和电流，使用函数来计算未来的电流和磁链，并调整驱动电压以击中未来的磁链联动目标，使系统跟踪预计算的轨迹成功 降落。 一系列跟踪功能包含不同的阀流量影响和校正驱动。 从预计算轨迹的漂移表明意外的阀流量影响和新的跟踪功能选择，导致流程影响的校正。

公开(公告)号：US06737946B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-18

申请号：US09789682

申请日：2001-02-21

申请人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

发明人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

IPC分类号： H01F708

CPC分类号： H01F7/1844 ,  F16K31/0675 ,  F16K31/0679 ,  H01F7/081 ,  H01F7/1638 ,  H01F2007/1676 ,  H01F2007/185

摘要： A solenoid with improved pull-in and landing characteristics. As a solenoid armature closes toward contact with the pole faces of a yoke, a geometric redistribution of a constant total flux causes the force to increase with decreasing gap. Latching force at saturation is maximized when the latching contact area matches the tightest bottleneck in the flux path. The addition of ferromagnetic area not making latching contact preserves the maximum latching force, increases power efficiency for pulling at a distance, and increases the flux redistribution effect of increasing force with decreasing gap at constant flux. The extra constant-flux force change at small gaps may be abrupt, for a high deceleration followed by a quick passive force increase to latch with low impact, or gradual, for tight servo control and very low impact. Conductive material can provide selective inductive damping near latching. Armature mass can be kept low despite the extra ferromagnetic area.

摘要翻译： 具有改进的拉入和着陆特性的螺线管。 当螺线管电枢闭合以与轭的极面接触时，恒定总通量的几何重新分布导致力随着间隙的减小而增加。 当锁定接触面积与通量路径中最窄的瓶颈匹配时，饱和时的锁定力最大化。 增加不产生锁定接触的铁磁区域保持最大的锁定力，提高了一段距离的拉力效率，并且随着通量的减小而增大力的增加，通过再分配效应。 在小间隙处的额外的恒磁力力变化可能是突然的，对于高减速度，随后是快速被动力增加以低冲击或逐渐地锁定，用于紧密的伺服控制和非常低的冲击。 导电材料可以在闭锁附近提供选择性的电感阻尼。 尽管有额外的铁磁区域，电枢质量可以保持较低。

公开(公告)号：US06724606B2

公开(公告)日：2004-04-20

申请号：US10094335

申请日：2002-03-08

申请人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

发明人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

IPC分类号： H01H900

CPC分类号： F01L9/04

摘要： A solenoid with two magnetically separate yoke regions, providing two distinct armature latching positions, is driven by a single effective winding. In one embodiment, the yoke regions consist of U-cores on either side of the armature and a single winding consisting of multiple turns, each turn looping through both U-cores and looping around the ends of the armature. In a second embodiment, distinct winding regions associated with the separate yoke regions are interconnected in series to make a single effective winding. Passage of the armature across a defined central position of minimum inductance is detected electrically, permitting a determination of absolute flux at a position of known inductance and thereby initializing a flux integration over time.

摘要翻译： 具有两个磁分离磁轭区域的螺线管，提供两个不同的电枢锁定位置，由单个有效绕组驱动。 在一个实施例中，磁轭区域由电枢两侧的U型磁芯和由多个匝组成的单个绕组组成，每个绕组环绕两个U型磁芯并环绕电枢的端部。 在第二实施例中，与分离的磁轭区域相关联的不同的绕组区域被串联互连以形成单个有效绕组。 检测到电枢通过最小电感的规定中心位置的电流，允许确定已知电感位置处的绝对磁通，从而初始化随时间的磁通积分。

公开(公告)号：US06550745B2

公开(公告)日：2003-04-22

申请号：US09740770

申请日：2000-12-19

申请人： Gary E. Bergstrom ,  Joseph B. Seale

发明人： Gary E. Bergstrom ,  Joseph B. Seale

IPC分类号： F16K3102

CPC分类号： H01F7/1638 ,  H01F7/081 ,  H01F2007/1676

摘要： A variable reluctance solenoid includes an armature and a yoke located axially beyond one end of the armature. Magnetic attraction across an axial gap between the armature and yoke causes the armature to move axially and close the gap. The armature includes ferromagnetic laminations lying in a plane perpendicular to the axial direction. These laminations may include slots, proportioned and directed to combat eddy currents and reduce moving mass while avoiding creation of flux bottlenecks. The solenoid may have two yokes on opposite sides of the armature, providing reciprocating armature motion.

摘要翻译： 可变磁阻电磁铁包括电枢和位于轴向超过电枢一端的磁轭。 通过电枢和轭之间的轴向间隙的磁吸引导致电枢轴向移动并闭合间隙。 电枢包括位于垂直于轴向方向的平面中的铁磁层压体。 这些叠片可以包括成比例的并针对于涡流的槽，并减少运动质量，同时避免产生通量瓶颈。 螺线管可以在电枢的相对侧上具有两个轭，提供往复式衔铁运动。

公开(公告)号：US06341767B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-29

申请号：US09342962

申请日：1999-06-29

申请人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

发明人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

IPC分类号： F16F106

CPC分类号： F16F3/04 ,  F01L1/462 ,  F16F1/12

摘要： A spring system includes an axially moving center attachment located between two static attachments. Bi-directional axial center deflections cause push-pull restoration forces. There is little mechanical fixturing preload stress acting on material also subjected to high cyclic stresses. The spring material includes an unbroken path between the two static attachments, going through the center attachment. In one embodiment, the unbroken path is a length of wire bent into substantially parallel side-by-side helices clamped statically at the bottom of each helix. A moving attachment grips the center of the wire bridging diagonally between the tops of the helices. In a second embodiment, the unbroken path is a length of wire bent into end-to-end helices sharing a common axis and clamped statically at the axially opposite ends of the spring. A moving attachment grips the center of the wire where it bridges across the common axis in transition from a right-hand helix on one end to a left-hand helix on the opposite end of the spring.

摘要翻译： 弹簧系统包括位于两个静态附件之间的轴向移动的中心附件。 双向轴向中心偏转引起推拉恢复力。 作用于也承受高循环应力的材料上几乎没有机械固定预载应力。 弹簧材料包括穿过中心附件的两个静态附件之间的不间断的路径。 在一个实施例中，不间断的路径是在每个螺旋的底部静态地夹紧的基本上平行的并排的螺旋线弯曲的线的长度。 移动的附件将导线的中心对角地夹在螺旋的顶部之间。 在第二实施例中，不间断的路径是弯曲成共享公共轴线的端对端螺旋并且被固定地夹在弹簧的轴向相对端部处的线的长度。 移动的附件夹住导线的中心，其中桥接在公共轴上，从一端的右侧螺旋过渡到弹簧相对端的左侧螺旋。

公开(公告)号：US6131459A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-17

申请号：US299287

申请日：1999-04-26

申请人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

发明人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

IPC分类号： G10K11/35 ,  H02K7/08 ,  H02K7/09 ,  H02K7/14 ,  H02K21/14 ,  H02K29/08 ,  G01N29/26

CPC分类号： A61B8/4461 ,  G10K11/355 ,  H02K21/14 ,  H02K29/08 ,  H02K7/088 ,  H02K7/09 ,  A61B8/0808 ,  H02K2201/18 ,  H02K7/14 ,  Y10S977/725 ,  Y10S977/929

摘要： A levitated rotor, neutrally buoyed in ultrasound transmission fluid, moves to position and aim an ultrasound transducer in up to five servo-controlled coordinates of position and tilt rotation. Stator drive/sense windings drive the rotor via a rotor magnet and sense coordinates via inductive interactions with a rotor coil. For five-axis control, one set of stator windings controls two-axis lateral translation while a second set controls axial translation plus two-axis tilt rotation. The windings produce a comparatively linear relationship between the five rotor geometric coordinates and the electromagnetic couplings that drive and sense these coordinates. To produce this linearity seamlessly over a wide coordinate range coming close to the windings, each set of windings is divided into overlapping subsets. A two-way drive/sense matrix mapping translates between up to five control coordinates and more than five winding circuits.

摘要翻译： 在超声波传播液中中性浮动的悬浮转子移动到位置并使超声换能器瞄准位置和倾斜旋转的最多五个伺服控制坐标。 定子驱动/感测绕组通过转子磁体驱动转子，并通过与转子线圈的感应相互作用来感测坐标。 对于五轴控制，一组定子绕组控制双轴横向平移，而第二组控制轴向平移加双轴倾斜旋转。 绕组在五个转子几何坐标和驱动和感测这些坐标的电磁耦合之间产生一个比较线性的关系。 为了在接近绕组的宽坐标范围内无缝地产生这种线性，每组绕组被分成重叠的子集。 双向驱动/感测矩阵映射在多达五个控制坐标和五个绕组电路之间进行转换。

公开(公告)号：US06942469B2

公开(公告)日：2005-09-13

申请号：US09771892

申请日：2001-01-30

申请人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

发明人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

IPC分类号： B60L13/06 ,  B60L13/10 ,  F01L9/04 ,  F02D13/02 ,  F02D41/14 ,  F02D41/20 ,  H01F7/16 ,  H01F7/18 ,  H02K41/03 ,  H02N15/00 ,  H02P25/02 ,  H02P25/06 ,  F04B17/00 ,  F04B39/08 ,  F04B43/00 ,  F04B43/08

CPC分类号： H02N15/00 ,  B60L13/06 ,  F01L9/04 ,  F01L2009/0405 ,  F01L2009/0486 ,  F02D13/0253 ,  F02D41/1401 ,  F02D41/20 ,  F02D2041/001 ,  F02D2041/1419 ,  F02D2041/2027 ,  F02D2041/2055 ,  F02D2041/2058 ,  F02D2041/2079 ,  H01F7/1607 ,  H01F7/18 ,  H01F7/1844 ,  H01F2007/185 ,  H01F2007/1866 ,  H01F2007/1894 ,  H01H47/325 ,  H02K41/03 ,  H02P25/032 ,  Y02T10/18

摘要： Servo controlled solenoids provide actuation of a pump piston and valves, and electronic LC resonance measurements to determine liquid volume and gas bubble volume. Third order nonlinear servo control is split into nested control loops: a fast nonlinear first-order inner loop causing flux to track a target by varying a voltage output, and a slower almost linear second-order outer loop causing magnetic gap to track a target by controlling the flux target or the inner loop. The inner loop uses efficient switching regulation, preferably based on controlled feedback instabilities, to control voltage output. The outer loop achieves damping and accurate convergence using proportional, time-integral, and time-derivative gain terms. The time-integral feedback may be based on measured and target solenoid drive currents, adjusting the magnetic gap for force balance at the target current.

摘要翻译： 伺服控制螺线管提供泵活塞和阀的致动以及电子LC共振测量，以确定液体体积和气泡体积。 三阶非线性伺服控制被分为嵌套控制回路：快速非线性一阶内环，其通过改变电压输出而引起通量跟踪目标，而较慢的几乎线性的二阶外环使磁隙跟踪目标。 控制通量目标或内循环。 内环使用有效的开关调节，优选地基于受控的反馈不稳定性来控制电压输出。 外环使用比例，时间积分和时间导数增益项实现阻尼和精确收敛。 时间积分反馈可以基于测量的和目标的电磁驱动电流，调整目标电流的力平衡的磁隙。

公开(公告)号：US07612978B2

公开(公告)日：2009-11-03

申请号：US11584373

申请日：2006-10-20

申请人： Gary E. Bergstrom ,  Joseph B. Seale

发明人： Gary E. Bergstrom ,  Joseph B. Seale

IPC分类号： H01H47/00

CPC分类号： F01L9/04

摘要： A dual-acting solenoid, consisting of one armature moving between two latching positions against two yokes with two drive windings, is interconnected to bring out three wire terminations: a center and two ends. The electronic drive circuitry is similarly configured for three terminals. Optionally, the drive circuitry includes sensing and computation sufficient to determine the two currents and the two inductive voltages associated with the two windings. A method is shown for using six measured or computed parameters, two inductive voltages, two currents, and two time derivatives of current, to determine the simultaneous position and velocity of the armature. The method involves simultaneous solution of the equations for current and voltage in two time-varying inductors where the two inductances are constrained to correspond to the position of a single armature moving between two fixed magnetic yokes.

摘要翻译： 一个双作用螺线管由一个电枢组成，两个闩锁位置在两个锁定位置之间，两个磁轭与两个驱动绕组相互连接，从而引出三个电线终端：中心和两端。 电子驱动电路类似地配置为三个端子。 可选地，驱动电路包括足以确定与两个绕组相关联的两个电流和两个感应电压的感测和计算。 示出了使用六个测量或计算参数，两个感应电压，两个电流和两个电流的时间导数的方法来确定电枢的同时位置和速度。 该方法包括在两个时变电感器中同时求解电流和电压方程，其中两个电感被限制为对应于在两个固定磁轭之间移动的单个电枢的位置。

公开(公告)号：US06208497B1

公开(公告)日：2001-03-27

申请号：US08882945

申请日：1997-06-26

申请人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

发明人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary E. Bergstrom

IPC分类号： H01H4700

CPC分类号： H02K41/03 ,  F01L9/04 ,  F01L2009/0405 ,  F01L2009/0486 ,  F02D13/0253 ,  F02D41/1401 ,  F02D2041/001 ,  F02D2041/1419 ,  G01R31/06 ,  H01F7/1607 ,  H02N15/00 ,  H02P25/032

摘要： Servo control using ferromagnetic core material and electrical windings is based on monitoring of winding currents and voltages and inference of: magnetic flux, a force indication; and magnetic gap, a position indication. Third order nonlinear servo control is split into nested control loops: a fast nonlinear first-order inner loop causing flux to track a target by varying a voltage output; and a slower almost linear second-order outer loop causing magnetic gap to track a target by controlling the flux target of the inner loop. The inner loop uses efficient switching regulation, preferably based on controlled feedback instabilities, to control voltage output. The outer loop achieves damping and accurate convergence using proportional, time-integral, and time-derivative gain terms. The time-integral feedback may be based on measured and target solenoid drive currents, adjusting the magnetic gap for force balance at the target current. Incorporation of permanent magnet material permits the target current to be zero, achieving levitation with low power, including for a monorail deriving propulsion from the levitation magnets. Linear magnetic approximations lead to the simplest controller, but nonlinear analog computation in the log domain yields a better controller with relatively few parts. When servo controlled solenoids provide actuation of a pump piston and valves, electronic LC resonance measurements determine liquid volume and gas bubble volume.

摘要翻译： 使用铁磁芯材和电绕组的伺服控制是基于对绕组电流和电压的监测以及推断：磁通量，力指示; 和磁隙，位置指示。 三阶非线性伺服控制被分为嵌套控制回路：快速非线性一阶内循环，通过改变电压输出使磁通跟踪目标; 以及较慢的几乎线性的二阶外循环，通过控制内循环的通量目标使磁隙跟踪目标。 内环使用有效的开关调节，优选地基于受控的反馈不稳定性来控制电压输出。 外环使用比例，时间积分和时间导数增益项实现阻尼和精确收敛。 时间积分反馈可以基于测量的和目标的电磁驱动电流，调整目标电流的力平衡的磁隙。 永磁材料的结合允许目标电流为零，实现低功率的悬浮，包括用于从悬浮磁体导出的单轨驱动。 线性磁场近似导致最简单的控制器，但是对数域中的非线性模拟计算产生的控制器数量较少，部件数量较少。 当伺服控制螺线管提供泵活塞和阀的致动时，电子LC共振测量确定液体体积和气泡体积。

公开(公告)号：US20110314805A1

公开(公告)日：2011-12-29

申请号：US13255468

申请日：2010-03-12

申请人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary Bergstrom

发明人： Joseph B. Seale ,  Gary Bergstrom

IPC分类号： F02G1/05 ,  F02G1/053

CPC分类号： F02G1/0435 ,  F01K17/06 ,  F01K19/10

摘要： A Stirling-like system incorporating a heater, a displacer and a regenerator is intermittently coupled to an external system via valves, providing pneumatic power while ridding waste heat. The external system is commonly a Rankine cycle, sharing the working fluid of the Stirling-like system, and can be used for heat pumping, distillation and drying. The Stirling working fluid and the Rankine working fluid are the same material and are exchanged between the two systems. A dual Stirling-like system mates a heat engine with a heat pump, sharing the same pressure-containment, with the dual system intermittently coupled to external environments for convective exchange of heat and cold.

摘要翻译： 包含加热器，置换器和再生器的斯特林式系统通过阀间歇地耦合到外部系统，在消除废热的同时提供气动功率。 外部系统通常是兰金循环，共享斯特林式系统的工作流体，可用于热泵，蒸馏和干燥。 斯特林工作流体和兰金工作流体是相同的材料，并在两个系统之间交换。 双重斯特林式系统将热力发动机与热泵相配合，共享相同的压力容纳，双重系统间歇地耦合到外部环境，用于对流换热和冷热。