公开(公告)号：US5998012A

公开(公告)日：1999-12-07

申请号：US716376

申请日：1996-09-19

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Lothar Weber ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Gert Lindemann ,  Harald Neumann ,  Ulrich Eisele

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Lothar Weber ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Gert Lindemann ,  Harald Neumann ,  Ulrich Eisele

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  B32B18/00 ,  C04B35/00 ,  C04B41/50 ,  C04B41/87 ,  G01N27/407 ,  B23B17/00

CPC分类号： C04B41/009 ,  B32B18/00 ,  C04B41/5042 ,  C04B41/87 ,  G01N27/4073 ,  G01N27/4075 ,  C04B2237/34 ,  C04B2237/341 ,  C04B2237/343 ,  C04B2237/348 ,  Y10T428/252 ,  Y10T428/256 ,  Y10T428/257

摘要： A ceramic layer system including at least two layers having respective ion conductivities which are substantially different includes a substrate layer composed of a ceramic material and having substantially no ion conductivity; and at least one conducting layer positioned adjacent to the substrate layer, containing coated ceramic particles composed of ceramic particles composed of a ceramic material having no substantial ion conductivity which are coated with a material having a substantial ion conductivity so that each conducting layer of the at least one conducting layer has a continuous phase after sintering composed of the material which has a substantial ion conductivity and so that the at least one conducting layer has an ion conductivity effective to conduct ions. A method of producing a gas sensor for detecting small quantities of at least one gas in gas mixtures includes providing a substrate layer composed of ceramic particles composed of a material having substantially no ion conductivity; applying a layer composed of coated ceramic particles onto the substrate layer, the coated ceramic particles being composed of ceramic particles composed of a material that has no substantial ion conductivity coated with a material which has a substantial ion conductivity at the operating temperature of the gas sensor; applying at least one functional layer onto the layer composed of coated ceramic particles to provide a green body; preheating the green body to remove binding agents, plastifying agents, and any additional organic constituents; and sintering the green body after preheating by heating to a temperature effective to sinter the green body so that the layer comprised of coated ceramic particles has a continuous phase comprised of the material which has a substantial ion conductivity.

公开(公告)号：US5628848A

公开(公告)日：1997-05-13

申请号：US367141

申请日：1995-01-09

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Ulrich Eisele

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Ulrich Eisele

IPC分类号： B32B18/00 ,  C04B37/00 ,  G01N27/407 ,  B32B31/26

CPC分类号： B32B18/00 ,  C04B37/001 ,  G01N27/4073 ,  C04B2237/343 ,  C04B2237/348 ,  C04B2237/36 ,  C04B2237/586 ,  C04B2237/76

摘要： The invention relates to composite systems having at least two layers which comprise different inorganic, ceramic phases and are produced by cosintering of different, finely divided inorganic materials arranged in layers. The composite systems are characterized in that at least two adjacent layers comprise a dense phase largely free of macropores. The layers are durably bonded to one another by sintering together of particles of the different materials at the phase boundary or boundaries. The composite systems and the processes for the production thereof are used, for example, in the manufacture of gas sensors.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE94 / 00520 Sec。 371日期1995年1月9日 102（e）1995年1月9日PCT PCT 1994年5月6日PCT公布。 第WO94 / 27819号公报 日期1994年12月8日本发明涉及具有至少两层的复合体系，它们包含不同的无机陶瓷相，并通过不同细分的无机材料以层间顺序的同步化而产生。 复合体系的特征在于至少两个相邻的层包含大部分不含大孔的密相。 这些层通过在相边界或边界处将不同材料的颗粒烧结在一起而相互粘合在一起。 复合系统及其制造方法例如用于气体传感器的制造中。

公开(公告)号：US5474665A

公开(公告)日：1995-12-12

申请号：US306572

申请日：1994-09-15

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hermann Dietz ,  Hermann Fischer ,  Manfred Koeder ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Ulrich Eisele

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hermann Dietz ,  Hermann Fischer ,  Manfred Koeder ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Ulrich Eisele

IPC分类号： F02B1/04 ,  F02D41/14 ,  G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/419 ,  G01N27/407

CPC分类号： G01N27/419 ,  F02B1/04

摘要： The invention relates to a measuring sensor having pump reference for measuring the oxygen content of gas mixtures, particularly exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. The sensor includes a measuring cell (A) and a reference cell (B) each having a pair of electrodes, with one of each respective pairs of electrodes being common to the two cells, and having a fixed electrolyte. Reference cell (B) has defined therein an internal oxygen reference zone which is hermetically sealed from the gas mixture and which is connected to the atmosphere by way of a pressure-equalization line. The measuring cell (A) and the reference cell (B) can be heated by heating apparatus to a temperature at which the fixed electrolyte has an ionic conductivity which is sufficiently high. The heating apparatus and a porous insulation are advantageously disposed in the vicinity of the electrode of the reference cell which is not in common with the measuring cell and which is porous so that the porous insulation, together with the porous electrode, form the internal oxygen reference zone and, together with the porous electrode and its porous conductor track, form the pressure-equalization line.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种具有用于测量气体混合物，特别是内燃机废气的氧含量的泵参考的测量传感器。 传感器包括测量单元（A）和参考单元（B），每个参考单元具有一对电极，每对电极中的每一对电极与两个单元共用，并具有固定的电解液。 参考电池（B）在其中限定了内部氧参考区，其内部氧参考区与气体混合物气密密封，并通过压力平衡线连接到大气。 测量单元（A）和参考单元（B）可以通过加热装置加热至固定电解质具有足够高的离子电导率的温度。 加热装置和多孔绝缘体有利地设置在参比单元的电极附近，其与测量池不相同，并且是多孔的，使得多孔绝缘体与多孔电极一起形成内部氧参考 并且与多孔电极及其多孔导体轨道一起形成压力平衡线。

公开(公告)号：US5545301A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-13

申请号：US360737

申请日：1994-12-23

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Roland Stahl ,  Claudio de la Prieta ,  Gerhard Schneider ,  Harald Neumann

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Roland Stahl ,  Claudio de la Prieta ,  Gerhard Schneider ,  Harald Neumann

IPC分类号： G01N27/41 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071

摘要： A sensor element for determining concentration of at least one constituent of a gas mixture operates on an electro-chemical measuring process and includes a gas measuring chamber; a pair of electrodes and an electrode chamber located between the pair of electrodes; and a diffusion conduit adjoining the electrode chamber and having a gas input which connects with the gas measuring chamber, having a gas output which connects with the electrode chamber, and having at least one cross-sectional area including a height, w, and a length, L, which height, w, has a preselected minimum value, and which length, L, has a value which is equal to or greater than the preselected minimum value of the height, w. The constituent of the gas mixture has a mean free path length through the sensor element, the gas measuring chamber has a cross-sectional area including a height and a length each of which are at least as large as the minimum height, w, of the diffusion conduit, and the height, w, of respective ones of the at least one cross-sectional area of the diffusion conduit is at least a multiple of the mean free path length of the constituent of the gas mixture to be measured. Advantageously, substantially only gaseous phase diffusion occurs when the predetermined minimum value of the height, w, is at least a multiple of a minimum value of the mean free path length for the gas constituent measured.

摘要翻译： 用于确定气体混合物的至少一种组分的浓度的传感器元件在电化学测量过程中运行，并且包括气体测量室; 位于所述一对电极之间的一对电极和电极室; 以及邻接所述电极室并具有与所述气体测量室连接的气体输入的扩散管道，具有与所述电极室连接的气体输出，并且具有包括高度w和长度的至少一个横截面区域 ，L，其高度w具有预选的最小值，并且长度L具有等于或大于预定的最小值的最小值w的值。 气体混合物的组分具有通过传感器元件的平均自由路径长度，气体测量室具有包括高度和长度的横截面积，每个高度和长度至少与最小高度w一样大， 扩散管道的扩散管道，并且扩散管道的至少一个横截面积中相应的一个的高度w至少为要测量的气体混合物的成分的平均自由程长度的倍数。 有利地，当高度的预定最小值w至少为测量的气体成分的平均自由程长度的最小值的倍数时，基本上仅发生气相扩散。

公开(公告)号：US5476001A

公开(公告)日：1995-12-19

申请号：US244660

申请日：1994-06-06

申请人： Gerhard Hoetzel ,  Harald Neumann ,  Johann Riegel ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Werner Gruenwald

发明人： Gerhard Hoetzel ,  Harald Neumann ,  Johann Riegel ,  Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Werner Gruenwald

IPC分类号： G01N27/12 ,  G01N27/14 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/419 ,  G01N27/62 ,  G01N27/417 ,  F02D41/14

CPC分类号： G01N27/419

摘要： A sensor for determining gas components and/or gas concentrations in gas mixtures, in particular in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. The sensor has an oxygen pump cell and a measuring element having a sensitive region. Provided between the pump cell and the gas mixture is a diffusion path in which there are formed an oxygen gradient XO.sub.2 and a gradient X.sub.CO of the gas component to be determined, which extend respectively in opposite directions. The measuring element is positioned relative to the pump cell and the diffusion path in such a way that an excess of oxygen is present on the sensitive region of the measuring element.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE93 / 01164 Sec。 371日期：1994年6月6日 102（e）日期1994年6月6日PCT提交1993年12月7日PCT公布。 公开号WO94 / 15206 日期1997年7月7日。一种用于确定气体混合物，特别是内燃机废气中的气体成分和/或气体浓度的传感器。 传感器具有氧气泵电池和具有敏感区域的测量元件。 提供在泵电池和气体混合物之间的是扩散路径，其中形成分别沿相反方向延伸的要确定的气体成分的氧梯度XO2和梯度XCO。 测量元件相对于泵电池和扩散路径被定位成使得过量的氧存在于测量元件的敏感区域上。

公开(公告)号：US5885429A

公开(公告)日：1999-03-23

申请号：US860661

申请日：1997-08-08

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Kurt Schmid ,  Claudio De La Prieta ,  Gerhard Schneider ,  Hans-Joerg Renz ,  Harald Neumann ,  Uwe Glanz ,  Stefan Kuschel ,  Ralf Haug ,  Manfred Moser ,  Kurt Bayha ,  Annette Seibold ,  Carmen Schmiedel ,  Reiner Schuetz

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Kurt Schmid ,  Claudio De La Prieta ,  Gerhard Schneider ,  Hans-Joerg Renz ,  Harald Neumann ,  Uwe Glanz ,  Stefan Kuschel ,  Ralf Haug ,  Manfred Moser ,  Kurt Bayha ,  Annette Seibold ,  Carmen Schmiedel ,  Reiner Schuetz

IPC分类号： G01N27/409 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/4075

摘要： An electrochemical measuring sensor having a solid electrolyte, a first electrode exposed to a gas to be measured and a second electrode exposed to a reference gas, with the electrodes preferably being arranged on opposite sides of the solid electrolyte. At least one of the electrodes (16, 20) is provided with a contouring (24) on its side (22) that is exposed to the gas to be measured or to the reference gas, with the contouring being a trench-shaped groove (26) embossed into the surface of the electrode such that the electrode is pressed into the adjacent solid electrolyte in the region of the groove. According to the method, the embossing is done while the electrode and the solid electrolyte are in the non-sintered state, and the sensor is subsequently sintered.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE96 / 01753 Sec。 371日期：1997年8月8日 102（e）日期1997年8月8日PCT提交1996年9月17日PCT公布。 公开号WO97 / 17608 日期1997年5月15日具有固体电解质的电化学测量传感器，暴露于待测气体的第一电极和暴露于参考气体的第二电极，电极优选布置在固体电解质的相对侧上。 电极（16,20）中的至少一个在其侧面（22）处设置有暴露于待测量气体或参考气体的轮廓（24），其中轮廓是沟槽形凹槽 26）压印到电极的表面中，使得电极在凹槽的区域中被压入相邻的固体电解质中。 根据该方法，在电极和固体电解质处于非烧结状态下进行压花，随后将传感器烧结。

公开(公告)号：US5505837A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-09

申请号：US290704

申请日：1994-12-12

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hermann Dietz ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Gerhard Hoetzel ,  Harald Neumann ,  Johann Riegel ,  Bernd Schumann

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hermann Dietz ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Gerhard Hoetzel ,  Harald Neumann ,  Johann Riegel ,  Bernd Schumann

IPC分类号： G01N27/12 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01N27/419 ,  G01N27/26

CPC分类号： G01N27/419

摘要： A sensor arrangement for determining at least one of gas components and gas concentrations of gas mixtures including CO, NO.sub.x and HC in exhaust gases of internal combustion engines, includes a measuring element which has a sensitive region; and a pump cell that includes a solid electrolyte and inner and outer pump electrodes which are opposingly disposed at least on the solid electrolyte and which effect an oxygen transfer to the measuring element, wherein the pump cell and the measuring element are spatially separated from one another, are located in different temperature zones during operation of the sensor arrangement, and are connected to one another by a diffusion segment through which oxygen can diffuse from the pump cell to the measuring element.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE94 / 00289 Sec。 371日期1994年12月12日第 102（e）日期1994年12月12日PCT 1994年3月17日PCT公布。 公开号WO94 / 24550 PCT 日期：1994年10月27日。一种用于确定内燃机废气中的CO，NO x和HC气体混合气体组分和气体浓度中的至少一种的传感器装置，包括具有敏感区域的测量元件; 以及泵电池，其包括固体电解质和内部和外部泵电极，所述内部和外部泵电极相对设置在至少在所述固体电解质上并且对所述测量元件进行氧传递，其中所述泵浦单元和所述测量元件在空间上彼此分离 位于传感器装置的操作期间的不同温度区域中，并且通过扩散段彼此连接，通过该扩散段，氧气可以从泵电池扩散到测量元件。

公开(公告)号：US5507174A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-16

申请号：US211569

申请日：1994-08-02

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hermann Dietz ,  Werner Gruenwald

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Hermann Dietz ,  Werner Gruenwald

IPC分类号： G01N27/41 ,  F02B1/04 ,  G01N27/407 ,  G01N27/416 ,  G01M15/00 ,  G01N27/48

CPC分类号： G01N27/4071 ,  F02B1/04

摘要： A polarographic sensor for determining concentration of certain components including oxygen or combustible fractions, such as hydrocarbons, hydrogen and carbon monoxide, in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine, includes a pump cell having an anode, a cathode, and an oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte provided between the anode and the cathode, wherein the cathode is provided with a diffusion barrier, wherein the anode is provided with a diffusion barrier, and wherein the concentration of the certain components is determined by measurement of a limiting current through the electrolyte and across one of the diffusion barriers to the corresponding anode or cathode.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE93 / 00674 Sec。 371日期1994年8月2日 102（e）日期1994年8月2日PCT提交1993年7月31日PCT公布。 第WO94 / 04911号公报 日本3月3日，1994.用于确定内燃机废气中某些组分（包括氧气或可燃组分）如烃，氢气和一氧化碳的浓度的极谱传感器包括具有阳极， 阴极和设置在阳极和阴极之间的氧离子传导固体电解质，其中阴极设置有扩散阻挡层，其中阳极设置有扩散阻挡层，并且其中某些组分的浓度通过测量确定 限制电流通过电解质，并穿过一个扩散屏障到相应的阳极或阴极。

公开(公告)号：US5334350A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-02

申请号：US861810

申请日：1992-06-19

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann ,  Gerhard Hoetzel

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Werner Gruenwald ,  Hans-Martin Wiedenmann ,  Gerhard Hoetzel

IPC分类号： G01N27/12 ,  G01N33/00 ,  G01N27/04 ,  H01C1/02 ,  H01C7/00

CPC分类号： G01N27/12

摘要： A resistance probe is proposed for detecting gas compositions, particularly in the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines. This resistance probe has the advantage over prior art resistance probes that, with a short response time, it is considerably more aging resistant. This is accomplished in that the resistance layer configured as a semiconductor layer is introduced or sintered into recesses or slits provided for this purpose in the prefabricated sensor carrier body and above it is applied a porous, electrically non-conductive engobe or a protective layer structure in the form of a grid or raster. These measures enable the measuring gas to gain access to the semiconductor layer, but the semiconductor layer is simultaneously protected against corrosive, erosive and/or cavitative attacks from the exhaust gas.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE90 / 00909 Sec。 371日期：1992年6月19日 102（e）日期1992年6月19日PCT提交1990年11月24日PCT公布。 出版物WO91 / 09301 日期：1991年6月27日。提出了用于检测气体组成的电阻探针，特别是在内燃机的废气中。 该电阻探针具有优于现有技术的电阻探针的优点，其具有较短的响应时间，其耐老化性更强。 这是通过将构造为半导体层的电阻层引入或烧结到预制传感器载体本体中为此而设置的凹部或狭缝中，并且在其上施加多孔，非导电性或者保护层结构 网格或栅格的形式。 这些措施使得测量气体能够进入半导体层，但同时保护半导体层免受来自废气的腐蚀性，侵蚀性和/或空穴化攻击。

公开(公告)号：US5709786A

公开(公告)日：1998-01-20

申请号：US433460

申请日：1996-02-06

申请人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Werner Gruenwald

发明人： Karl-Hermann Friese ,  Werner Gruenwald

IPC分类号： G01N27/41 ,  C04B35/00 ,  C04B35/48 ,  C04B35/486 ,  C04B35/50 ,  C04B35/622 ,  H01B1/06 ,  H01M6/20 ,  H01M6/36 ,  H01M8/1246 ,  H01M8/1253 ,  H01M10/39 ,  G01N27/26

CPC分类号： H01M4/9066 ,  C04B35/486 ,  C04B35/50 ,  H01M8/1246 ,  H01M4/905 ,  H01M8/1253 ,  Y02E60/525 ,  Y02P70/56

摘要： A sintered layer system, includes an ion-conductive solid electrolyte layer which has a high oxygen ion conductivity and which is comprised of a solid electrolyte material comprising at least one oxide of tetravalent metals and at least one stabilizer oxide; and at least one functional layer which comprises a mixture of the solid electrolyte material and at least one further material, wherein the solid electrolyte material of the ion-conductive solid electrolyte layer and the solid electrolyte material of the at least one functional layer are comprised of nanocrystallites having a mean diameter of

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE93 / 01009 Sec。 371日期1996年2月6日 102（e）日期1996年2月6日PCT 1993年10月23日PCT公布。 公开号WO94 / 11322 日期1994年5月26日一种烧结层系统包括离子导电固体电解质层，其具有高氧离子传导性，并且由包含至少一种四价金属氧化物和至少一种稳定剂氧化物的固体电解质材料构成; 以及至少一个功能层，其包含所述固体电解质材料和至少一种其它材料的混合物，其中所述离子传导固体电解质层的固体电解质材料和所述至少一个功能层的固体电解质材料包括 平均直径<100纳米的纳米晶体。