摘要:
Disclosed is a method for producing carbon-coated optical fiber including the steps of thermally decomposing a halogenated hydrocarbon compound to obtain a thermal decomposate of the halogenated hydrocarbon, and depositing the thermal decomposate on a surface of an uncoated optical fiber to form at least one carbon coating layer on the surface of the fiber. The halogenated hydrocarbon compounds include CClF.sub.3 , CCl.sub.2 F.sub.2 , CCl.sub.3 F, C.sub.2 Cl.sub.2 F and C.sub.2 ClF.sub.5. The deposition is performed at a temperature which is slightly below the thermal decomposition temperature. The method includes an optional step of coating at least one resin layer over a surface of the carbon coating layer.
摘要:
A method for manufacturing carbon coated optical fiber includes the steps of removing adherent foreign material from a surface of a bare optical fiber, and forming at least one carbon layer on the surface thereof using a chemical vapor deposition method. The first step is performed by heating and drying the surface of the bare optical fiber in a 80 to 150 degrees C. temperature region to vaporize the adherent foreign material while supplying an inert gas to the surface thereof so as to substitute the inert gas for the vaporized adherent foreign material. The second step is performed by thermally decomposing at least one hydrocarbon compound to obtain a thermal decomposate of the hydrocarbon, and depositing the thermal decomposate on the surface of the bare optical fiber. Also, disclosed is a method for manufacturing carbon coated optical fiber including the steps of cooling a surface of a bare optical fiber to a temperature no higher than 50.degree. C., and forming at least one carbon layer on the surface using a chemical vapor deposition method. The cooling step is performed by supplying a cooled inert gas to the surface of the bare optical fiber.
摘要:
There is disclosed an optical fiber coated with a carbon layer in which carbon coating layer is formed by thermally decomposing a hydrocarbon or halogenated hydrocarbon compound having 15 or less carbon atoms. There is also disclosed an apparatus for producing the optical fiber coated with at least one carbon layer.
摘要:
An apparatus for treating a biomass feedstock at a high temperature, includes a cooling device 90 for cooling a biomass treated liquid at a high temperature; an enzymatic saccharification tank 103 for saccharifying a cooled treated liquid 101B with an enzyme; a solid-liquid separation apparatus 112 for removing water-slightly soluble substances contained in a saccharide solution 104 taken out from the enzymatic saccharification tank 103 and a foreign substance removing unit 113 provided with a microfiltration (MF) membrane 113a; a dilution tank 132, disposed downstream of the foreign substance removing unit 113, for diluting the saccharide solution from which the water-slightly soluble substances are removed by adding water thereto; a water separation unit 116, provided with a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane 116a, for removing water 114 from the diluted saccharide solution so as to obtain concentrated saccharide solution 115.
摘要:
A biomass hydrothermal decomposition apparatus that feeds a solid biomass material 11 from one side of an apparatus body 42, feeds hot water 15 from the other side, to hydrothermally decompose the biomass material 11 while bringing the biomass material 11 into counter contact with the hot water 15, dissolves hot-water soluble fractions in hot water, discharges the hot water to outside from the one side of the apparatus body 42 as a hot-water effluent 16, and discharges a biomass solid (a hot water insoluble) 17 to outside from the other side. The biomass hydrothermal decomposition apparatus includes an effective reaction region A formed from the other side to the one side of the apparatus body 42, in which a feeding temperature of the hot water 15 (for example, 200° C.) is maintained for a predetermined period of time to cause hydrothermal decomposition, and a temperature drop region B in which a temperature is rapidly dropped to a temperature (for example, 140° C.) at which the hot-water soluble fractions are not excessively decomposed (for example, from 200° C. to 140° C.), immediately after it is out of the effective reaction region A.
摘要:
A biomass hydrothermal decomposition apparatus includes, a biomass feeder (31) that feeds biomass material (11) under normal pressure to under increased pressure, a hydrothermal decomposition device (42A) that allows the fed biomass material (11) to be gradually moved inside a device main body (42A) from either end thereof in a consolidated condition, and also allows hot compressed water (15) to be fed from an other end of a feed section for the biomass material into the main body (42A), so as to cause the biomass material (11) and the hot compressed water (15) to countercurrently contact with each other and undergo hydrothermal decomposition, and that elutes a lignin component and a hemicellulose component into the hot compressed water, so as to separate the lignin component and the hemicellulose component from the biomass material (11); and a biomass discharger (51) that discharges, from the side where the hot compressed water is fed into the device main body, a biomass solid residue (17) under increased pressure to under normal pressure.
摘要:
A biomass processing system includes: a hydrolysis processing unit that decomposes, under a high-temperature/high-pressure condition, biomass feedstock in a processing tank having a gas-liquid interface, and removes a lignin component and a hemicellulose component; a biomass solid content discharge unit that discharges a biomass solid content 20 which is a hot water insoluble element; a slurrying vessel that subjects the discharged biomass solid content to slurrying; and a hot water discharge liquid introducing line L2 that introduces, into the slurrying vessel 21, a hot water discharge liquid 16 including a biomass hot-water soluble element.
摘要:
There is provided an apparatus for treating a biomass feedstock at a high temperature, including a cooling means for cooling a biomass treated liquid at a high temperature; an enzymatic saccharification tank for saccharifying a cooled treated liquid with an enzyme; a solid-liquid separation apparatus for removing water-slightly soluble substances contained in a saccharide solution taken out from the enzymatic saccharification tank and a foreign substance removing unit provided with a microfiltlation (MF) membrane; a dilution tank, disposed downstream of the foreign substance removing unit, for diluting the saccharide solution from which the water-slightly soluble substances are removed by adding water thereto; a water separation unit, provided with a reverse osmosis (RO) membrane, for removing water from the diluted saccharide solution so as to obtain concentrated saccharide solution.
摘要:
There is provided a one-step process for producing a dihydroxy-substituted coumarin dimer compound by a photodimerization reaction of a hydroxy-substituted coumarin compound. The process comprises subjecting a hydroxy-substituted coumarin compound to a photodimerization reaction in a solvent selected from aliphatic ketones having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, aliphatic carboxylic acid esters having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, aliphatic alcohols having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, aliphatic nitriles having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, ethers having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, amides having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, and a mixture thereof to obtain a dihydroxy-substituted coumarin dimer compound.
摘要:
There is provided a method for preparing a β-SiAlON phosphor capable of be controlled to show characteristics such as high brightness and desired particle size distribution. The method for preparing a β-SiAlON phosphor represented by Formula: Si(6−x)AlxOyN(6−y):Lnz (wherein, Ln is a rare earth element, and the following requirements are satisfied: 0
摘要翻译:提供了一种制备能够被控制以显示诸如高亮度和期望的粒度分布等特性的“SiAlON”荧光体的方法。 制备由式:Si(6-x)Al x O y N(6-y):Lnz(其中,Ln是稀土元素)并且满足以下要求的由式(Si-x)Al x O y N(6-y)表示的SiAlON荧光体的方法:0