公开(公告)号：US20130214542A1

公开(公告)日：2013-08-22

申请号：US13819174

申请日：2011-09-02

申请人： Klaus Knop ,  Lars Zoellner

发明人： Klaus Knop ,  Lars Zoellner

IPC分类号： F01D15/10

CPC分类号： F01D15/10 ,  C07C1/12 ,  C07C29/1518 ,  C25B1/04 ,  C25B1/12 ,  C25B15/00 ,  Y02E50/18 ,  Y02E60/366 ,  Y02E70/10 ,  Y02P20/133 ,  C07C31/04 ,  C07C9/04

摘要： A method is provided for carbon-dioxide-neutral compensation for current level fluctuations in an electrical power supply system as a result of peaks and troughs in the generation of electrical energy. When a generation peak occurs, electrical energy produced from a regenerative energy source is used in an electrolysis unit for hydrogen generation. A hydrogen flow generated in the electrolysis unit is supplied to a reactor unit that catalytically generates an energy-carrier flow containing hydrocarbon. In a generation trough, the produced energy-carrier flow is burned in a combustion chamber. The thermal energy of the flue-gas flow formed by the combustion is used to generate electrical energy in a turbine process. The generated electrical energy is fed into the electrical power supply system. The flue-gas flow is supplied to the reactor unit as a carbon source for generation of the energy-carrier flow.

摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于由于电能产生中的峰值和谷值导致电力供应系统中电流水平波动的二氧化碳 - 中性补偿的方法。 当产生发电峰值时，由再生能源产生的电能用于生成氢气的电解单元。 在电解单元中产生的氢气流被供应到催化产生含有烃的能量载体流的反应器单元。 在一代槽中，产生的能量载体流在燃烧室中燃烧。 通过燃烧形成的烟气流的热能用于在涡轮机过程中产生电能。 所产生的电能被馈送到电力供应系统中。 烟气流被提供给作为产生能量载体流的碳源的反应器单元。

公开(公告)号：US09771822B2

公开(公告)日：2017-09-26

申请号：US13819174

申请日：2011-09-02

申请人： Klaus Knop ,  Lars Zoellner

发明人： Klaus Knop ,  Lars Zoellner

IPC分类号： C25B1/04 ,  F01D15/10 ,  C07C1/12 ,  C07C29/151 ,  C25B1/12 ,  C25B15/00

CPC分类号： F01D15/10 ,  C07C1/12 ,  C07C29/1518 ,  C25B1/04 ,  C25B1/12 ,  C25B15/00 ,  Y02E50/18 ,  Y02E60/366 ,  Y02E70/10 ,  Y02P20/133 ,  C07C31/04 ,  C07C9/04

摘要： A method is provided for carbon-dioxide-neutral compensation for current level fluctuations in an electrical power supply system as a result of peaks and troughs in the generation of electrical energy. When a generation peak occurs, electrical energy produced from a regenerative energy source is used in an electrolysis unit for hydrogen generation. A hydrogen flow generated in the electrolysis unit is supplied to a reactor unit that catalytically generates an energy-carrier flow containing hydrocarbon. In a generation trough, the produced energy-carrier flow is burned in a combustion chamber. The thermal energy of the flue-gas flow formed by the combustion is used to generate electrical energy in a turbine process. The generated electrical energy is fed into the electrical power supply system. The flue-gas flow is supplied to the reactor unit as a carbon source for generation of the energy-carrier flow.

公开(公告)号：US20110247457A1

公开(公告)日：2011-10-13

申请号：US13122729

申请日：2009-09-22

申请人： Klaus Knop ,  Sten Ångström

发明人： Klaus Knop ,  Sten Ångström

IPC分类号： C21B3/02

CPC分类号： C21B13/0046 ,  B01D2257/504 ,  C21B13/0073 ,  C21B13/02 ,  C21B2100/24 ,  C21B2100/26 ,  C21B2100/282 ,  C21B2100/284 ,  C21B2100/44 ,  C21B2100/66 ,  Y02P10/122 ,  Y02P10/126 ,  Y02P10/128 ,  Y02P10/136 ,  Y02P10/143

摘要： The present invention relates to a process for the direct reduction of iron ore performed by means of a plant comprising a gravitational furnace (2) having at least one iron ore reduction zone (8) in the upper part thereof, and at least one carbon deposition zone (9) and one reduced metal product cooling zone (10) in the lower part thereof, and means for feeding a reducing gas mixture into the reactor in correspondence to the with the reduction zone, means for recycle exhaust or reactor off gas from the reactor to syngas and mixing the recycled gas with natural gas to form a reducing gas mixture. According to the invention a in first reformation step (5) unreacted carbon monoxide CO and steam present in the reactor off gas is reformed to carbon dioxide and hydrogen following the water gas shift reaction CO+H20=CO2+H2, in a secondary reformation step the de-watered reactor off gas comprising mainly of carbon dioxide and hydrogen is processed to remove carbon dioxide, and in a third reformation step physical separation of both nitrogen and carbon oxide CO from the reducing syngas is carried out to bring down the levels of CO and any existing other gases in the recycled gas to as low level as possible such that recycled reducing gas is as close to pure hydrogen H2 as possible.

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种通过包括在其上部具有至少一个铁矿还原区（8）的重力炉（2）的植物直接还原铁矿石的方法，以及至少一个碳沉积 区域（9）和其下部的一个还原的金属制品冷却区（10），以及用于将还原气体混合物与还原区相对应地供给到反应器中的装置，用于再循环排出的废气或来自 反应器进行合成气并将再循环气体与天然气混合以形成还原气体混合物。 根据本发明，在第一重整步骤（5）中，在二次重整步骤中，在水煤气变换反应CO + H 2 O = CO 2 + H 2之后，存在于反应器废气中的未反应的一氧化碳CO和蒸汽重整成二氧化碳和氢气 处理主要包含二氧化碳和氢气的脱水反应器废气被处理以除去二氧化碳，并且在第三重整步骤中，进行氮和碳氧化物CO与还原性合成气的物理分离以降低CO的含量 和再循环气体中的任何现有其他气体尽可能低的水平，使得再循环的还原气体尽可能接近纯氢气H2。

公开(公告)号：US4556421A

公开(公告)日：1985-12-03

申请号：US536447

申请日：1983-09-28

申请人： Klaus Knop ,  Peter Heinrich

发明人： Klaus Knop ,  Peter Heinrich

IPC分类号： C01B3/36 ,  C10J3/14 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/80 ,  C22B5/12

CPC分类号： C10J3/14 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/80 ,  C10J2300/0943 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/1253 ,  C10J2300/1618 ,  C10J2300/1823 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y02P20/129

摘要： A method of operating a cyclic synthesis gas-ore reduction process comprising supplying a carbonaceous material and preheated oxygen to a synthesis gas reactor to produce a hot synthesis gas, partially cooling said hot synthesis gas by directly passing the same through a regenerator and thereby storing the sensible heat of the hot synthesis gas in said generator. Further cooling said synthesis gas by reheating liquid for a vapor generator, and then reheating said further cooled synthesis gas and supplying it to an ore reduction reactor and generating a reduced product and an off gas. Directing the generated off gas to the synthesis gas reactor via said regenerator to heat the off gas to around 100.degree. C. by transferring said stored heat.

摘要翻译： 一种操作循环合成气矿石还原法的方法，包括向合成气反应器中加入碳质材料和预热的氧气以产生热合成气，通过将其通过再生器直接通过，使部分冷却所述热合成气，从而将 所述发电机中的热合成气的显热。 通过再加热用于蒸汽发生器的液体，然后再次加热所述另外冷却的合成气并将其供给到还原反应器并产生还原产物和废气，进一步冷却所述合成气。 通过所述再生器将产生的废气引导到合成气反应器，通过转移所存储的热量将废气加热至约100℃。

公开(公告)号：US5064444A

公开(公告)日：1991-11-12

申请号：US348574

申请日：1989-05-19

申请人： Helmut Kubiak ,  Hans J. Schroter ,  Gunther Gappa ,  Heinrich Kalwitzki ,  Klaus Knop

发明人： Helmut Kubiak ,  Hans J. Schroter ,  Gunther Gappa ,  Heinrich Kalwitzki ,  Klaus Knop

IPC分类号： C10J3/00 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  C10J3/66

CPC分类号： C10J3/66 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  B01J2219/182 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1861

摘要： A process is disclosed for allothermic gasification of coal under pressure with water vapor in a gas generator containing heat-exchange tubes for a heat transfer medium. The hot heat transfer medium that enters the gas generator by the heat-exchange tubes is first introduced in the gasification zone, then in the pyrolysis zone. The coal to be gasified flows counter-currently through the gas generator, so that the current of cooled heat transfer medium is used for heating and pyrolyzing the coal, whereas the heat for gasification is taken from the current of the still hot heat transfer medium. Gas generators vertically or horizontally arranged with fitting designs are used for implementation of the process.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / EP87 / 00605 Sec。 371日期1989年5月19日 102（e）日期1989年5月19日PCT提交1987年10月15日PCT公布。 出版物WO88 / 02769 日本公开了1988年4月21日。在含有用于传热介质的热交换管的气体发生器的气体发生器中，公开了在压力下用水蒸气进行煤的等温气化的方法。 首先将热交换管进入气体发生器的热传递介质引入气化区，然后在热解区中引入。 待气化的煤气通过气体发生器逆流流动，使得冷却的传热介质的电流用于加热和热解煤，而用于气化的热量取自热热传递介质的电流。 垂直或水平布置有配件设计的气体发生器用于实施该过程。

公开(公告)号：US4678480A

公开(公告)日：1987-07-07

申请号：US790325

申请日：1985-10-23

申请人： Peter Heinrich ,  Klaus Knop ,  Friedbert Rube

发明人： Peter Heinrich ,  Klaus Knop ,  Friedbert Rube

IPC分类号： C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C22B5/12

CPC分类号： C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/463 ,  C10K1/02 ,  C10K1/04 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0959 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1675 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  Y10S48/01

摘要： A process for producing a synthesis gas containing methane and using a reactor having a fuel containing carbon comprises directing gasification gases in a circulation system through a bed of fuel containing carbon to form a synthesis gas containing methane and carbon dioxide. Thereafter, the synthesis gas is cooled in a regenerator and subjected to the gas separation wherein the syngas is subjected to a gas cleansing by means of a pressure change absorption in a gas scrubber to remove most of the methane and carbon dioxide and its water content is increased. The separated gas is then heated and subsequently the portion is returned into the system together with the waste gases and fuel containing carbon. The process includes a 4-pole heater which includes the first heat exchange passage for the syngas which is cooled and a second heat exchange passage for the recirculation of the syngas and is further cooled and passed through a scrubber. The system includes a heater which is arranged after the 4-pole heater which operates the gas and then the gas is passed through a reduction reactor back through a heating element of the regenerator that initially cooled the gas. A portion of the gas is also used to drive a steam turbine and to direct the excess steam from the turbine into the initial reactor which has a fluidized bed of the carbon material such as coal.

摘要翻译： 一种生产含甲烷的合成气和使用含有碳的燃料的反应器的方法包括将循环系统中的气化气体导引通过含碳燃料床形成含有甲烷和二氧化碳的合成气。 此后，将合成气在再生器中冷却并进行气体分离，其中合成气通过气体洗涤器中的压力变化吸收进行气体净化以除去大部分甲烷和二氧化碳，并且其含水量为 增加。 然后将分离的气体加热，随后将该部分与废气和含碳燃料一起返回到系统中。 该方法包括四极加热器，其包括用于合成气的第一热交换通道，其被冷却，第二热交换通道用于合成气的再循环，并进一步冷却并通过洗涤器。 该系统包括加热器，该加热器布置在操作气体的四极加热器之后，然后气体通过还原反应器返回通过初始冷却气体的再生器的加热元件。 气体的一部分也用于驱动蒸汽轮机并且将来自涡轮机的过量蒸汽引导到具有诸如煤的碳材料的流化床的初始反应器中。

公开(公告)号：US5545251A

公开(公告)日：1996-08-13

申请号：US286164

申请日：1994-08-05

申请人： Klaus Knop

发明人： Klaus Knop

IPC分类号： C21B11/02 ,  B01J8/18 ,  B01J8/26 ,  B01J8/36 ,  C21B13/00 ,  C22B5/14 ,  C21B11/00

CPC分类号： C21B13/0033 ,  B01J8/1836 ,  B01J8/26 ,  B01J8/36 ,  C21B13/0026 ,  C22B5/14 ,  B01J2219/182 ,  Y02P10/136 ,  Y02P10/216 ,  Y02P10/265 ,  Y02P10/283

摘要： The present invention concerns a method of and a device for directly reducing fine-particle ore in a horizontal reactor with an ore-reducing gas and a heat vehicle, also a gas, in a fluidized bed.The ore-reducing vessel itself comprises a horizontal fluidized-bed reactor (1). The ore (F) is blown into it from below. The heated ore-reducing gas (A) is blown into the reactor through oncoming-gas floors (2). The heat needed for the endothermic reaction is supplied to the reactor at different temperatures through heat exchangers (3) and transferred to the bed. Heat is supplied counter to the ore-reducing gas.Fuel (B) in the form of gas is burned with air (C) to make the heat vehicle (D). The ore-reducing gas (A') is heated in downstream heat exchangers (5.1 to 5.3) before arriving in the three sections (1a, 1b, & 1c) of the reactor through the floors.Sponge iron (6) is removed and throat gas (E) extracted from a sponge-collecting section (1d).

摘要翻译： 本发明涉及一种用于在流化床中用还原气体和热载体（也称为气体）在水平反应器中直接还原微粒矿石的方法和装置。 减矿容器本身包括卧式流化床反应器（1）。 矿石（F）从下方吹入。 加热的矿石还原气体（A）通过迎面而来的地板（2）吹入反应器。 吸热反应所需的热量通过热交换器（3）在不同的温度下供给反应器并转移到床上。 热量与减矿气相反。 气体燃料（B）用空气（C）燃烧以制造热载体（D）。 在下游热交换器（5.1至5.3）中，通过地板到达反应堆的三个部分（1a，1b和1c）之前，将减矿气体（A'）加热。 除去海绵铁（6），并从海绵收集部（1d）中提取咽喉气（E）。

公开(公告)号：US5439491A

公开(公告)日：1995-08-08

申请号：US231460

申请日：1994-04-21

申请人： Helmut Kubiak ,  Hans J. Schroter ,  Gunther Gappa ,  Heinrich Kalwitzki ,  Klaus Knop

发明人： Helmut Kubiak ,  Hans J. Schroter ,  Gunther Gappa ,  Heinrich Kalwitzki ,  Klaus Knop

IPC分类号： C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  C10J3/66 ,  F16G13/18

CPC分类号： C10J3/66 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  F16G13/18 ,  B01J2219/182 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/1861

摘要： Apparatus is disclosed for the allothermic gasification of coal with steam. The gasifier is horizontally arranged with heat exchange tubes in separate gasification and pyrolysis zones so that a heat exchange medium is used in both zones.

摘要翻译： 公开了用于蒸汽的煤的均热气化装置。 气化器在分离的气化和热解区域中水平布置有热交换管，使得在两个区域中使用热交换介质。

公开(公告)号：US6136065A

公开(公告)日：2000-10-24

申请号：US155961

申请日：1998-10-05

申请人： Peter Heinrich ,  Klaus Knop

发明人： Peter Heinrich ,  Klaus Knop

IPC分类号： B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/18 ,  B01J8/26 ,  B01J8/36 ,  C21B13/00 ,  C22B5/12 ,  C22B5/14 ,  C22B7/02 ,  C21B11/00

CPC分类号： C21B13/00 ,  B01J8/0015 ,  B01J8/1836 ,  B01J8/26 ,  B01J8/36 ,  C21B13/0033 ,  C22B5/14 ,  B01J2208/00115 ,  B01J2208/0084 ,  B01J2219/182 ,  Y02P10/136

摘要： A method and device are provided for direct reduction of ore fines in a wide range of particle size, the reducing agent being hydrogen placed in a fluidized bed gutter with a plurality of sequentially arranged chambers. The fluidization rate in the supply base is set so that a defined class of particle size remains in the chamber concerned where it will be submitted to a reduction process and that the finest particle size fraction is discharged from the chamber, then precipitated in a hot gas cyclone to solid material (or fines) and gas. The ore fines precipitated in the cyclone then reaches the following chamber. The gas from all the hot gas cyclones is fed by a collector to the pre-heater. After reduction in the chambers, the ore fines are conveyed in pressure vessels for submission to further processes.

摘要翻译： PCT No.PCT / DE98 / 00159 Sec。 371日期：1998年10月5日 102（e）日期1998年10月5日PCT 1998年1月17日PCT PCT。 公开号WO98 / 35063 日期1998年8月13日提供了一种方法和装置，用于直接还原细粒度范围广泛的矿石细粒，还原剂是氢气放置在具有多个顺序排列的腔室的流化床槽中。 供给基体中的流化速率被设定为使得在所涉及的腔室内保留规定类型的粒度，在那里将进行还原过程，并且最细粒度的级分从室排出，然后在热气体中沉淀 旋风固体材料（或细粉）和气体。 在旋风分离器中析出的矿石粉末到达下一个室。 来自所有热气旋风的气体由收集器供给到预热器。 在室内还原之后，矿石细粉在压力容器中输送以供进一步处理。

公开(公告)号：US4756722A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-12

申请号：US24012

申请日：1987-03-10

申请人： Klaus Knop ,  Gunter Wolters ,  Helmut Kubiak

发明人： Klaus Knop ,  Gunter Wolters ,  Helmut Kubiak

IPC分类号： C10J3/54 ,  F01K23/06 ,  F02C3/28 ,  C10J3/56

CPC分类号： F01K23/062 ,  C10J3/463 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/86 ,  C10K1/004 ,  C10K1/026 ,  F01K23/067 ,  C10J2300/0906 ,  C10J2300/0909 ,  C10J2300/1675 ,  C10J2300/1687 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  Y02E20/18

摘要： Part of the synthesis gas produced by coal gasification in an allothermically heated fluidized bed reactor is burned after removal of dust and sulfur and serves as a source of energy to heat the reactor by indirect heat exchange and to produce the steam required for the gasification process. The flue gas exiting from the heat exchanger of the reactor can be used to perform work in expansion turbines. The rest of the synthesis gas is available for use in downstream processes, such as iron ore reduction, or can be burned and used to perform work in turbines to produce electric current. The result is a process that is environmentally safer and operates with a better yield than direct coal burning or autothermal coal gasification, but requires no outside source of energy, such as nuclear power, as prior art allothermal coal gasification processes do.

摘要翻译： 部分在异温热流化床反应器中通过煤气化产生的合成气在去除灰尘和硫之后燃烧，并且作为通过间接热交换加热反应器并产生气化过程所需的蒸汽的能量来源。 从反应器的热交换器排出的废气可用于在膨胀涡轮机中进行工作。 合成气的其余部分可用于下游工艺，例如铁矿石的还原，或者可以燃烧并用于在涡轮机中进行工作以产生电流。 结果是一个环境更安全的工艺，比直接燃煤或自热煤气化更好的产量运行，但是像现在技术的同热煤气化过程一样，不需要外部能源，如核能。