摘要:
A bumper for vehicles, with a symmetrically backswept rail, is supported on a skeleton member of the vehicle body via shock absorbing arrangement. To simplify the construction by use of so called foam systems, and at the same time ensuring a high system efficiency, the shock absorbing arrangement is formed by an impact damper extending over the rail length and made of energy absorbing (EA) foam. Arranged in the midle of the bumper is a regenerable shock absorber which works on the positive displacement principle, passes through local clearances in an impact damper and in the rail and is supported on the skeleton member and on a trim shell engaging at a distance round the rail. An impact strip made of EA foam is inserted between the trim shell and the rail.
摘要:
A motor vehicle bumper has a crossmember fixed to the body and an impact-confronting collision part. Non-regenerable deformation members are arranged between the collision part and the crossmember, at least in the region of support points, and the impact-confronting collision part is secured to the crossmember via fastening bolts passing through the deformation members. During a deformation of the non-regenerable deformation members, the collision part is displaceable in the longitudinal direction of the vehicle in order to increase the deformation capacity, while preserving the indicator effect of the support points. The collision part is designed as a trim part encasing, at least in the region of the support points, a core consisting of elastically deformable foam. With the exception of the region of the support points, the bumper has a gap on the energy-absorber side. Each fastening bolt is surrounded by a spacer sleeve supported, at one end, on the head underside if the sleeve and, at the other end, on the crossmember fixed to the body.
摘要:
A device and a method for actuating an injector in a fuel-injection system of an internal combustion engine are described. Using a first calibration method and based on a control parameter, an injector parameter which characterizes the injection process is determined. Starting from this injector parameter, a first feature is determined for calibrating the injector. A second calibration method determines a second feature for calibrating the injector, based on an engine parameter. The first calibration method is monitored on the basis of the second feature.
摘要:
A method for operating an internal combustion engine in HCCI mode, including: a) sensing a profile of a measured variable of a variable in a combustion chamber of a cylinder; b) identifying combustion feature(s) of a combustion event in a first combustion cycle based on the profile; c) modeling a first value of a state variable at a defined point in time after the first combustion cycle and before a second subsequent combustion cycle based on the identified combustion feature(s); d) determining desired target values of combustion feature(s) of a combustion event in the second subsequent combustion cycle; e) modeling a second value of the state variable at the defined point in time based on the target values; and f) applying control to the internal combustion engine starting at the defined point in time as a function of the first and the second value of the state variable.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing radiation-curing binders containing allophanate groups by reacting, at temperatures of ≦130° C., A) one or more compounds containing uretdione groups with B) one or more OH-functional compounds which contain groups which react, with polymerization, with ethylenically unsaturated compounds on exposure to actinic radiation (radiation-curing groups), C) optionally NCO-reactive compounds other than B), in the presence of D) a catalyst containing at least one zinc compound, to form allophanate groups by opening the uretdione ring. The present invention also relates to the binders obtained by the process of the invention and to coating compositions containing these binders.
摘要:
A method for regulating HCCI combustion of fuel in a reactor of an internal combustion engine is described in which a multivariable regulation is used, manipulated variable changes Δuk for the instantaneous regulating cycle k being determined on the basis of at least system deviations Δxk-1 and manipulated variable changes Δuk-1 of a preceding regulating cycle k−1.
摘要:
This invention relates to DVDs made from polycarbonate and a special UV curable bonder material consisting of A) an urethane acrylate oligomer as binder, which is the reaction product of i) one or more polyisocyanates and ii) one or more hydroxyfunctional lactone ester (meth)acrylates having a number average molecular weight of from 200 g/mol to 2000 g/mol and having the formula: CH2═C(R1)—C(O)—O—R2—[O—C(O)—R3]n—OH wherein, n is an integer from 1 to 5, R1 is hydrogen or methyl, R2 represents an alkylene group or substituted alkylene group having from 2 to 10 carbon atoms and R3 represents a straight or branched chain alkylene group of from 3 to 8 carbon atoms, and which may be substituted with one or more alkyl groups having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, B) a reactive thinner, comprising of mono functional acrylates and/or (meth)acrylates C) a photo initiator and D) optional additives which offers improved performance at high data transfer rates.
摘要:
A process for the salt-free coagulation of polymer dispersions in a rotor/stator assembly is disclosed. The rotor/stator assembly includes a casing, a rotor shaft rotatably mounted within the casing, a rotor having a conical surface affixed to the rotor shaft, and a stator affixed to the casing and concentrically associated with the rotor. The conical surface faces a surface of the stator to form an adjustable shear gap, which is surrounded by an annular space. A polymer dispersion is fed into the assembly and conveyed through the shear gap. During this conveyance, the polymer dispersion is precipitated at a predetermined shear rate and a predetermined shear deformation. The polymer dispersion is discharged from the assembly through an outlet neck, and the assembly is flushed with water using one or more ports formed in at least one of a pipeline coupled to the axial feed neck, the stator, and the casing.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a continuous process for preparing hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates, more particularly those hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylates which have more than one (meth)acrylate group per molecule.
摘要:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing low-viscosity reaction products of polyisocyanates containing activated groups which react, with polymerization, with ethylenically unsaturated compounds on exposure to actinic radiation.