摘要:
An integrated single-fiber multi-directional transceiver such as a diplexer or triplexer for FTTH applications comprises at least a laser for transmitting a first signal at a first wavelength, a photodetector for receiving a second signal at a second wavelength, and a 2×2 optical coupler. The 2×2 optical coupler has four ports, of which port 1 connects to a fiber through an input/output waveguide, port 2 leads to the photodetector through another waveguide, port 3 and port 4 are connected with the gain waveguide and are placed inside the laser cavity. Light emitted by the gain waveguide inside the laser cavity at port 3 of the coupler is partially coupled to port 4 as a feedback for the laser and partially coupled to port 1 which couples to the optical fiber to transmit the first signal. On the other hand, the second signal at the second wavelength that is launched into the coupler from the input/output waveguide at port 1 is entirely coupled to port 2 that leads to the photodetector. The design allows both the transmitted and received signals to be directed to their intended destinations with minimal loss.
摘要:
An integrated single-fiber multi-directional transceiver such as a diplexer or triplexer for FTTH applications comprises at least a laser for transmitting a first signal at a first wavelength, a photodetector for receiving a second signal at a second wavelength, and a 2×2 optical coupler. The 2×2 optical coupler has four ports, of which port 1 connects to a fiber through an input/output waveguide, port 2 leads to the photodetector through another waveguide, port 3 and port 4 are connected with the gain waveguide and are placed inside the laser cavity. Light emitted by the gain waveguide inside the laser cavity at port 3 of the coupler is partially coupled to port 4 as a feedback for the laser and partially coupled to port 1 which couples to the optical fiber to transmit the first signal. On the other hand, the second signal at the second wavelength that is launched into the coupler from the input/output waveguide at port 1 is entirely coupled to port 2 that leads to the photodetector. The design allows both the transmitted and received signals to be directed to their intended destinations with minimal loss.
摘要:
The present invention provides methods for enhancing the efficiency of cell electroporation using dielectrophoresis-assisted cell localization and uses thereof in a microfluidic biochip system. Cells are first subject to dielectrophoresis and localized to regions where the electric field intensity is high enough to render cells electroporated. The invention enhances the efficiency of in situ cell electroporation on a traditional microfluidic biochip.
摘要:
A slow release apparatus for slowly releasing a compound in a nasal passage. The apparatus comprises a connection mechanism, two expansion mechanisms, and two release mechanisms; two ends of the connection mechanism are respectively integrally or detachably connected to the two expansion mechanisms that are symmetrically arranged in nasal passages at two sides; and the two release mechanisms are symmetrically arranged, and each release mechanism is correspondingly provided in one of the expansion mechanisms. The slow release apparatus is convenient to carry, and capable of slowly releasing a compound in the nasal passage and synchronously expanding the nasal passage to ensure smooth breathing, while considering functionality, practicability and comfort.
摘要:
FIG. 1 is a first perspective view of a walker showing my new design; FIG. 2 is a second perspective view thereof; FIG. 3 is a front view thereof; FIG. 4 is a back view thereof; FIG. 5 is a left side view thereof; FIG. 6 is a right side view thereof; FIG. 7 is a top view thereof; and, FIG. 8 is a bottom view thereof. The broken lines shown in the drawings depict portions of the walker that form no part of the claimed design.
摘要:
A method of moving a string assembly within a wellbore is disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprises moving the string assembly within the wellbore; obtaining surface data regarding at least one parameter associated with moving the string assembly within the wellbore over a range of depths; modeling the at least one parameter over the range of depths for a plurality of assumed friction factors to obtain modeled data for each assumed friction factor; calculating a derivative of the surface data over the range of depths; calculating a derivative of the modeled data over the range of depths; comparing the derivative of the surface data to the derivative of the modeled data; determining one or more local friction factors for the range of depths based on the comparison; and adjusting at least one string assembly operating parameter based on the one or more local friction factors.
摘要:
Methods for drilling a wellbore within a subsurface region and drilling assemblies and systems that include and/or utilize the methods are disclosed herein. The methods include receiving a plurality of drilling performance indicator maps, normalizing the plurality of drilling performance indicator maps to generate a plurality of normalized maps, adaptive trending of the plurality of drilling performance indicator maps to generate a plurality of trended maps, summing the plurality of trended maps to generate an objective map, selecting a desired operating regime from the objective map, and adjusting at least one drilling operational parameter of a drilling rig based, at least in part, on the desired operating regime.
摘要:
A method of moving a string assembly within a wellbore is disclosed. In some embodiments, the method comprises moving the string assembly within the wellbore; obtaining surface data regarding at least one parameter associated with moving the string assembly within the wellbore over a range of depths; modeling the at least one parameter over the range of depths for a plurality of assumed friction factors to obtain modeled data for each assumed friction factor; calculating a derivative of the surface data over the range of depths; calculating a derivative of the modeled data over the range of depths; comparing the derivative of the surface data to the derivative of the modeled data; determining one or more local friction factors for the range of depths based on the comparison; and adjusting at least one string assembly operating parameter based on the one or more local friction factors.
摘要:
Systems and methods for characterizing a spatial frequency of interface regions within a subterranean formation. A first method may include drilling a wellbore with a drilling assembly and measuring a downhole parameter during the drilling. The downhole parameter may be indicative of a lithology of a portion of the subterranean formation that is proximal to the drilling assembly. The first method also may include calculating an information entropy of the downhole parameter and characterizing the spatial frequency of the interface regions based upon the information entropy. A second method may include calculating the information entropy as a function of distance within a first wellbore and characterizing the spatial frequency of the interface regions. The second method also may include drilling a second wellbore within the subterranean formation and regulating the drilling based upon the spatial frequency of the interface regions. The systems include systems that perform the methods.
摘要:
A multi-layer friction reducing tape, including: a foil layer including a metal, polymer, or hybrid-metal-polymer; an under layer disposed on the foil layer; an adhesion promoting layer contiguous with a surface of the under layer; a functional layer that includes a fullerene based composite, a diamond based material, diamond-like-carbon (DLC), or combinations thereof, wherein the functional layer is contiguous with a surface of the adhesion promoting layer; and a tape, including an adhesive layer and a backing material, wherein the adhesive layer is attached to a surface of the foil layer opposite the under layer.