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公开(公告)号：US06852292B2
公开(公告)日：2005-02-08
申请号：US10132552
申请日：2002-04-24
CPC分类号： F01N3/2066 , B01D53/56 , B01D53/86 , B01D53/90 , B01D53/92 , B01D53/9413 , B01D2251/2062 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2610/1453 , Y02T10/24
摘要： A system is described for storing ammonia and injecting it into the exhaust gas stream of an engine to reduce nitrogen oxides. The ammonia is stored as a liquid mixture (70) of ammonia and water in a container (50). In one system, the mixture passes through a tube with a portion (62) in contact with the exhaust gas pipe (16) to heat the mixture and separate the ammonia from the water, with the ammonia being further heated at a nozzle (84) to activate the ammonia before injection into an upstream portion of the exhaust gas pipe.
摘要翻译： 描述了一种用于存储氨并将其注入发动机的废气流中以减少氮氧化物的系统。 氨作为氨和水的液体混合物（70）储存在容器（50）中。 在一个系统中，混合物通过具有与排气管（16）接触的部分（62）的管，以加热混合物并将氨与水分离，氨在喷嘴（84）处进一步加热， 以在喷射到排气管的上游部分之前激活氨。
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公开(公告)号：US5992141A
公开(公告)日：1999-11-30
申请号：US816796
申请日：1997-03-19
CPC分类号： F01N3/36 , B01D53/56 , B01D53/90 , F01N3/08 , F01N3/0892 , F01N3/2066 , F01N2240/20 , F01N2240/25 , F01N2290/02 , F01N2290/04 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/06 , F01N2610/10 , F01N2610/14 , F01N2610/1453 , Y02T10/24
摘要： Improvements are described in the injection of ammonia (NH.sub.3) into the exhaust gases of an engine to reduce nitrogen oxides. Instead of merely injecting ammonia into the exhaust gas conduit through a hole in its side, an ammonia injector (90) is provided that projects considerably into the exhaust conduit (16), with the injector having a plurality of holes (94). The ammonia is activated to decompose it into its reactive components, including NH.sub.2 and NH prior to injecting it into the exhaust conduit. Such activation prior to injection can be accomplished by heating the ammonia in the presence of a catalyst such as a metal of the platinum group, iron, nickel, or zinc. In an engine that has a fuel injection system wherein electrical pulses are delivered to fuel injectors to control the fuel flow rate, the durations of these electrical signals are used to control the opening of a valve (72) that controls the flow rate of ammonia into the exhaust gas conduit.
摘要翻译： 在将氨（NH 3）注入发动机的废气中以减少氮氧化物的情况下描述了改进。 代替仅通过其侧面的孔将氨注入废气导管中，提供了一个氨注入器（90），其大大地突出到排气管道（16）中，喷射器具有多个孔（94）。 在将氨注入排气管道之前，氨被活化以将其分解成其反应性组分，包括NH 2和NH。 在注射之前的这种活化可以通过在诸如铂族金属，铁，镍或锌的催化剂的存在下加热氨来实现。 在具有燃料喷射系统的发动机中，其中电脉冲被输送到燃料喷射器以控制燃料流量，这些电信号的持续时间用于控制控制氨流量的阀门（72）的打开 废气管道。
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公开(公告)号：US5609026A
公开(公告)日：1997-03-11
申请号：US83657
申请日：1993-06-28
CPC分类号： F01N3/2066 , F01N3/36 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/1453 , F02B1/04 , Y02T10/24
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for reducing pollutants and especially nitrogen oxides, or NOx, in the exhaust gases of an engine. The apparatus includes a device for injecting ammonia into a conduit that extends between cylinder exhaust valves and a catalytic converter, to mix the ammonia with the exhaust gases. Ammonia injection occurs at a location a plurality of inches downstream of the exhaust valves to avoid burning of the ammonia by flames. The injection preferably occurs at a location where the exhaust gases are at a temperature of at least about 1200.degree. F. to cause considerable reaction of the ammonia with NOx in the exhaust gases prior to the gases reaching the catalyst, so less NOx must be removed along the catalyst. To minimize ammonia use, it is injected only for a limited period such as a minute after a cold engine is started when the catalyst is too cold to cause significant reactions, and during operation of the engine at high power levels when the greatest amounts of NOx are produced.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于减少发动机废气中的污染物，特别是氮氧化物或NOx的方法和装置。 该装置包括用于将氨注入到在气缸排气阀和催化转化器之间延伸的导管中以将氨与废气混合的装置。 氨喷射发生在排气门下游多个英寸的位置，以避免由于火焰而燃烧氨。 注射优选在排气处于至少约1200°F的温度的位置处发生，以在气体到达催化剂之前使氨与废气中的NOx发生相当大的反应，因此必须除去较少的NO x 沿催化剂。 为了最大限度地减少氨的使用，只有在发动机冷启动后几分钟才能注入有限的时间，当催化剂太冷而不能引起显着的反应时，并且在最大量的NOx 被生产。
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公开(公告)号：US06446940B1
公开(公告)日：2002-09-10
申请号：US09975602
申请日：2001-10-10
申请人： Lester P. Berriman , John M. Zabsky
发明人： Lester P. Berriman , John M. Zabsky
IPC分类号： F02M714
CPC分类号： F02M9/06 , F02M7/14 , F02M7/225 , F02M9/125 , Y10S261/12 , Y10S261/56
摘要： An apparatus for atomizing liquid fuel while mixing it with air, and varying the amount of each while maintaining a substantially constant fuel/air ratio for the intake manifold of an engine. The apparatus includes a frame (16) forming a passage (14) with a throat (44), with a second wall (56) of the passage being moveable toward and away from a stationary first wall (54) of the passage to vary the cross-section of the passage and thereby vary airflow. A fuel-carrying tube (24) has a proximal end (60) fixed to the first stationary wall and has a distal portion (62) that extends through a bore (64) in the moveable wall and with the moveable wall being slideable around the tube. The tube has at least one aperture (70) for flowing fuel into the passage, with the exposed aperture area being progressively increased as the moveable wall moves away from the stationary wall to flow a progressively increasing amount of fuel into the passage. The moveable wall is moved by a lever (134) that can be moved by the throttle of the engine.
摘要翻译： 一种用于在将液体燃料与空气混合的同时雾化液体燃料的装置，并且在保持发动机的进气歧管的基本恒定的燃料/空气比的同时改变其量。 该装置包括形成具有喉部（44）的通道（14）的框架（16），通道的第二壁（56）能够朝向和远离通道的固定第一壁（54）移动，以改变 通道的横截面，从而改变气流。 燃料承载管（24）具有固定到第一固定壁的近端（60），并且具有延伸穿过可移动壁中的孔（64）的远端部分（62），并且可移动壁可围绕 管。 管具有用于使燃料流入通道的至少一个孔口（70），随着可移动壁离开静止壁而使暴露的开口面积逐渐增加，以逐渐增加量的燃料流入通道。 可动壁由可通过发动机节气门移动的杆（134）移动。
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公开(公告)号：US5224346A
公开(公告)日：1993-07-06
申请号：US701497
申请日：1991-05-16
CPC分类号： F01N3/2066 , F01N3/36 , F01N2610/02 , F01N2610/1453 , F02B1/04 , Y02T10/24
摘要： A method and apparatus are provided for reducing pollutants and especially nitrogen oxides, or NOx, in the exhaust gases of an engine. The apparatus includes a device for injecting ammonia into a conduit that extends between cylinder exhaust valves and a catalytic converter, to mix the ammonia with the exhaust gases. Ammonia injection occurs at a location a plurality of inches downstream of the exhaust valves to avoid burning of the ammonia by flames. The injection preferably occurs at a location where the exhaust gases are at a temperature of at least about 1200.degree.F. to cause considerable reaction of the ammonia with NOx in the exhaust gases prior to the gases reaching the catalyst, so less NOx must be removed along the catalyst. To minimize ammonia use, it is injected only for a limited period such as a minute after a cold engine is started when the catalyst is too cold to cause significant reactions, and during operation of the engine at high power levels when the greatest amounts of NOx are produced.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种用于减少发动机废气中的污染物，特别是氮氧化物或NOx的方法和装置。 该装置包括用于将氨注入到在气缸排气阀和催化转化器之间延伸的导管中以将氨与废气混合的装置。 氨喷射发生在排气门下游多个英寸的位置，以避免由于火焰而燃烧氨。 注射优选在排气处于至少约1200°F的温度的位置处发生，以在气体到达催化剂之前使氨与废气中的NOx发生相当大的反应，因此必须除去较少的NO x 沿催化剂。 为了最大限度地减少氨的使用，只有在发动机冷启动后几分钟才能注入有限的时间，当催化剂太冷而不能引起显着的反应时，并且在最大量的NOx 被生产。
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公开(公告)号：US4231383A
公开(公告)日：1980-11-04
申请号：US7946
申请日：1979-01-31
CPC分类号： F02M19/124 , F02M19/08 , F02M7/18 , F02M9/127 , F02B1/04 , Y10S261/56 , Y10S261/78 , Y10T137/0318
摘要： A combustible mixture of air and minute fuel droplets is produced for supply to the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. This mixture is formed by accurately controlling both the atomization of fuel and the mass flow rate of air over substantially the entire operating range of the engine. These controls are accomplished by introducing liquid fuel into a stream of intake air and uniformly distributing the fuel in the air followed by passing the air and fuel mixture through a constricted zone to increase the velocity of the mixture to sonic. The sonic velocity air at the constricted zone divides the fuel into minute droplets that are uniformly entrained throughout the air stream. The area of the constricted zone and the quantity of fuel introduced are adjustably varied in correlation with operating demands imposed upon the engine. Downstream from the constricted sonic zone, the air and fuel mixture is accelerated to supersonic velocity in a supersonic zone without imparting substantial turbulent flow thereto. Thereafter the mixture is decelerated to subsonic velocity in a subsonic zone to produce a shock zone where the fuel droplets entrained in the air are believed to be further subdivided and uniformly distributed throughout the combustible mixture before the mixture is supplied to the engine cylinders. The supersonic and subsonic velocities occur in a gradually increasing cross-sectional area corresponding to that of a conical section having an apex angle in the range of about 6 to 18 degrees.
摘要翻译： 产生空气和微小燃料液滴的可燃混合物供给内燃机的气缸。 该混合物通过在发动机的基本上整个工作范围内精确地控制燃料的雾化和空气的质量流量来形成。 这些控制是通过将液体燃料引入进气流并将燃料均匀分布在空气中，然后将空气和燃料混合物通过收缩区域来提高混合物的声速来实现的。 收缩区域的声速空气将燃料分成均匀地夹在整个空气流中的微小液滴。 收缩区域的面积和引入的燃料量可以根据施加在发动机上的操作要求而变化。 在缩小的声波区域的下游，空气和燃料混合物在超音速区域被加速到超音速，而不会对其产生大量的湍流。 此后，混合物在亚音速区域中减速至亚音速，产生冲击区，其中夹带在空气中的燃料液滴被认为在将混合物供应到发动机气缸之前进一步细分并均匀分布在整个可燃混合物中。 超音速和亚音速速度发生在逐渐增加的截面面积，其对应于具有在约6至18度范围内的顶角的锥形截面。
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公开(公告)号：US4198357A
公开(公告)日：1980-04-15
申请号：US967699
申请日：1978-12-08
CPC分类号： F02M9/103 , Y10S261/78
摘要： A flow device and method delivers a gaseous medium to utilization equipment having variable pressure conditions at its intake. A gaseous medium intake zone connects with structure defining a variable area throat zone for constricting the flow of the gaseous medium to increase the velocity thereof to sonic. The throat zone is adjustably varied in correlation with operating demands imposed upon the utilization equipment. Wall structure downstream from the throat zone provides a gradually diverging zone for efficiently recovering the kinetic energy of the high velocity gaseous medium as static pressure. Through such efficient recovery the velocity of gaseous medium through the throat zone is sonic over a wide range of pressure conditions at the intake of the utilization equipment. A flow splitter is spaced from the adjustable throat zone and the splitter is arranged to divide the downstream end portion of gradually diverging zone into multiple zones of reduced divergence. The multiple zones have reduced divergence compared to the divergence of the upstream end portion of the gradually diverging zone and also the downstream end portion if the splitter were not present.
摘要翻译： 流动装置和方法将气态介质输送到其入口处具有可变压力条件的利用设备。 气体介质进气区与限定可变区域喉部区域的结构相连接，以限制气体介质的流动，从而将其速度增加到声波。 喉咙区域与施加在利用设备上的操作要求相关地可调节地变化。 从喉部区域下游的壁结构提供了逐渐发散的区域，用于有效地将高速气体介质的动能恢复为静态压力。 通过这种有效的回收，通过喉部区域的气体介质的速度在使用设备的摄入量的宽范围的压力条件下是声波的。 分流器与可调喉部区域间隔开，分流器布置成将逐渐发散区域的下游端部分成多个减小发散区域。 如果分离器不存在，则多个区域与逐渐发散区域的上游端部分的发散度以及下游端部分相比具有减小的发散度。
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公开(公告)号：US3952776A
公开(公告)日：1976-04-27
申请号：US388761
申请日：1973-08-16
IPC分类号： F02B1/04 , F02M7/18 , F02M9/127 , F02M19/08 , F02M19/12 , F15D1/04 , F15D1/00 , F15D1/02 , F15D1/10
CPC分类号： F02M19/08 , F02M19/124 , F02M7/18 , F02M9/127 , F02B1/04
摘要： A combustible mixture of air and minute fuel droplets is produced for supply to the cylinders of an internal combustion engine. This mixture is formed by accurately controlling both the atomization of fuel and the mass flow rate of air over substantially the entire operating range of the engine. These controls are accomplished by introducing liquid fuel into a stream of intake air and uniformly distributing the fuel in the air followed by passing the air and fuel mixture through a constricted zone to increase the velocity of the mixture to sonic. The sonic velocity air at the constricted zone divides the fuel into minute droplets that are uniformly entrained throughout the air stream. The area of the constricted zone and the quantity of fuel introduced are adjustably varied in correlation with operating demands imposed upon the engine. Downstream from the constricted sonic zone, the air and fuel mixture is accelerated to supersonic velocity in a supersonic zone without imparting substantial turbulent flow thereto. Thereafter the mixture is decelerated to subsonic velocity in a subsonic zone to produce a shock zone where the fuel droplets entrained in the air are believed to be further subdivided and uniformly distributed throughout the combustible mixture before the mixture is supplied to the engine cylinders.
摘要翻译： 产生空气和微小燃料液滴的可燃混合物供给内燃机的气缸。 该混合物通过在发动机的基本上整个工作范围内精确地控制燃料的雾化和空气的质量流量来形成。 这些控制是通过将液体燃料引入进气流并将燃料均匀分布在空气中，然后将空气和燃料混合物通过收缩区域来提高混合物的声速来实现的。 收缩区域的声速空气将燃料分成均匀地夹在整个空气流中的微小液滴。 收缩区域的面积和引入的燃料量可以根据施加在发动机上的操作要求而变化。 在缩小的声波区域的下游，空气和燃料混合物在超音速区域被加速到超音速，而不会对其产生大量的湍流。 此后，混合物在亚音速区域中减速至亚音速，产生冲击区，其中夹带在空气中的燃料液滴被认为在将混合物供应到发动机气缸之前进一步细分并均匀分布在整个可燃混合物中。
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公开(公告)号：US4279627A
公开(公告)日：1981-07-21
申请号：US75343
申请日：1979-09-13
申请人： Donald G. Paul , Lester P. Berriman
发明人： Donald G. Paul , Lester P. Berriman
CPC分类号： B01D45/12 , B01D50/004
摘要： An apparatus for separating almost all fine particles, including particles less than 10 microns in diameter, from a gas stream, which requires the input of only a small amount of water and which discharges a correspondingly small amount of particle-water slurry. The apparatus includes a vertical cylindrical chamber having a relatively wide upstream portion that gradually narrows in a transition portion into an elongated throat portion. A central core member extends axially along the throat portion and forms an elongated annular passage. A high velocity gas stream containing fine particles is generally tangentially introduced into the wide upstream portion of the conduit to provide a circulatory flow. Water is introduced through a plurality of parts in the transition portion downstream therefrom, to provide a thin layer of water along the outer walls of the throat. The high velocity circulatory flow of the particle-laden gas along the annular throat region causes fine particles to migrate radially outwardly under high centrifugal forces into the water layer. The water-particle slurry is discharged through a slot in the outer wall of the lower portion of the throat region. The substantially particle-free gas passes through a radial diffuser section therebelow.
摘要翻译： 一种用于从气流中分离几乎所有细颗粒（包括直径小于10微米的颗粒）的装置，其需要仅输入少量的水并且排出相应少量的颗粒 - 水浆料。 该装置包括具有相对宽的上游部分的垂直圆柱形腔室，其在过渡部分中逐渐变窄成细长的喉部分。 中心芯部件沿着喉部部分轴向延伸并形成细长的环形通道。 含有细颗粒的高速气流通常切向地引入导管的宽上游部分以提供循环流。 水通过其下游的过渡部分中的多个部分引入，以沿着喉部的外壁提供薄层的水。 沿着环形喉部区域的载有颗粒的气体的高速循环流动导致细颗粒在高离心力下径向向外迁移到水层中。 水粒子浆液通过喉部下部的外壁的狭缝排出。 基本上无颗粒的气体通过其下方的径向扩散器部分。
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公开(公告)号：US4122810A
公开(公告)日：1978-10-31
申请号：US813585
申请日：1977-07-07
申请人： Lester P. Berriman
发明人： Lester P. Berriman
摘要： An exhaust gas recirculation valve for installation in the recirculation flow path between the exhaust and intake manifolds of an internal combustion engine. A metering control in the form of an axially displaceable pintle is operative in the flow path of a throat body to form an annular convergent-divergent nozzle. Pintle movement is responsive to predetermined engine variables to vary the throat flow area for continuously maintaining sonic gas flow therethrough. By the pintle being disposed toward closing the throat in a direction counter to the direction of incoming gas flow, sonic flow can be maintained at high efficiency throughout the full range flow capacity required of the valve.
摘要翻译： 一种用于安装在内燃机的排气和进气歧管之间的再循环流动路径中的排气再循环阀。 呈轴向位移的枢轴形式的计量控制装置在喉体的流动路径中工作，以形成一个环形会聚发散喷嘴。 枢轴运动响应于预定的发动机变量来改变喉部流动面积，用于连续地保持声波气体流过其中。 通过枢栓被设置为在与入口气体流动方向相反的方向上关闭喉部，可以在阀所需的全范围流量下保持高效率的声流。
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