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公开(公告)号：US20090246104A1
公开(公告)日：2009-10-01
申请号：US11629894
申请日：2005-06-17
摘要： A Bayer liquor is produced by dissolving bauxite in hot caustic soda. The liquor is cooled so that it is supersaturated, and seed crystals of gibbsite are added to the liquor (16). At the same time at least part of the liquor is subjected to intense ultrasonic irradiation (34) such as to cause cavitation, preferably by passing liquor and seed crystals (28) through a recirculation duct (30). The ultrasound increases the proportion of fines by breaking up any crystal agglomerates and also by generating crystal nuclei, and also removes fouling from crystal surfaces. The precipitation process is consequently more effective. If ultrasound is applied when measurements indicate that there are insufficient fines in the liquor, this improves the consistency of the precipitation process.
摘要翻译： 拜耳酒是通过将铝土矿溶解在热的苛性钠中生产的。 将液体冷却使其过饱和，并将三水铝矿的晶体加入到液体（16）中。 同时，至少部分液体经受强烈的超声波照射（34），例如引起空化，优选通过使液体和晶种（28）通过再循环管道（30）。 超声波通过分解任何晶体附聚物以及通过产生晶核而增加细粒的比例，并且还从晶体表面去除污垢。 降水过程因此更有效。 如果在测量结果表明液体中没有足够的细粉时应用超声波，则可提高沉淀过程的一致性。
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公开(公告)号：US20090087360A1
公开(公告)日：2009-04-02
申请号：US10591795
申请日：2005-03-03
CPC分类号： C01F7/473 , B01D9/0013 , B01D9/0018 , B01D9/005 , B01D9/0059
摘要： The Bayer process uses hot sodium hydroxide solution to obtain pure alumina from bauxite ore. Alumina dissolves, and is then precipitated, and the remaining caustic Bayer liquor can be recycled for use again. However sodium oxalate tends to build up in the recycled liquor, and causes problems. By removing a stream of the liquor, treating it so as to be supersaturated with sodium oxalate, and then subjecting it to ultrasonic irradiation, crystal nuclei are formed. The resultant crystals can then be separated from the liquor. Surprisingly, other organic compounds in solution do not prevent this crystallisation process from being effective.
摘要翻译： 拜耳法利用热氢氧化钠溶液从铝土矿矿石中获得纯氧化铝。 氧化铝溶解，然后沉淀，剩余的苛性拜耳液可再循环使用。 然而，草酸盐倾向于在回收液中积累，并引起问题。 通过除去液体流，将其处理以用草酸钠过饱和，然后对其进行超声波照射，形成晶核。 然后可以将所得晶体与液体分离。 令人惊讶的是，溶液中的其他有机化合物不能阻止这种结晶过程的有效性。
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公开(公告)号：US20090026064A1
公开(公告)日：2009-01-29
申请号：US11571688
申请日：2005-06-23
IPC分类号： B01J19/10
CPC分类号： C01F7/0613
摘要： In the Bayer process for the production of alumina, problems are caused by silica dissolving in the caustic liquor. This silica arises from the presence of kaolin in the bauxite. A process for removing this kaolin comprises contacting the bauxite with sodium hydroxide solution to form a mixture, and subjecting the mixture to intense ultrasonic irradiation to cause cavitation; this can be carried out at temperatures below 100° C. This enhances both the dissolution of kaolin and the precipitation of sodium aluminium silicate. Silica remaining in solution in spent Bayer liquor (after digestion and then precipitation of gibbsite) can be removed by a similar ultrasonic irradiation treatment to cause it to precipitate before it forms scale in heat exchangers.
摘要翻译： 在用于生产氧化铝的拜耳法中，问题是由二氧化硅溶解在苛性液中引起的。 这种二氧化硅产生于铝土矿中高岭土的存在。 去除该高岭土的方法包括使铝土矿与氢氧化钠溶液接触以形成混合物，并使混合物进行强烈的超声波照射以引起空化; 这可以在低于100℃的温度下进行。这增强了高岭土的溶解和硅酸钠铝的沉淀。 残留在废拜耳液中的溶液中的二氧化硅（消化后，然后沉淀三水铝矿）可以通过类似的超声波照射处理除去，使其在热交换器中形成垢之前沉淀。
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公开(公告)号：US07183378B2
公开(公告)日：2007-02-27
申请号：US10528406
申请日：2003-08-14
IPC分类号： C07K1/00
CPC分类号： A61K41/0014 , A61K41/0028 , B01F13/0059 , B01F2005/0017 , B01J19/0093 , B01J2219/00788 , B01J2219/0086 , B01J2219/00932
摘要： Proteins may be made by genetically engineered microorganisms, the protein being stored in the form of inclusion bodies (IB). The proteins in the inclusion bodies are in an insoluble and inactive form. They may be dissolved using a solubilization reagent (18), and the resulting solution diluted so that the proteins refold into the active form. This refolding of the protein is enhanced by subjecting a solution or suspension of the protein to low intensity sound waves (25), at a low enough intensity that the protein is not denatured. The intensity may be between 10 and 100 mW/cm2.
摘要翻译： 蛋白质可以通过遗传工程化的微生物制备，蛋白质以包涵体（IB）的形式储存。 包涵体中的蛋白质是不溶性和不活泼的形式。 它们可以使用溶解试剂（18）溶解，并将所得溶液稀释，使得蛋白质折叠成活性形式。 通过使蛋白质的溶液或悬浮液以足够低的强度使蛋白质变性而使低强度声波（25）升高，从而增强蛋白质的这种重折叠。 强度可以在10和100mW / cm 2之间。
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公开(公告)号：US06960256B2
公开(公告)日：2005-11-01
申请号：US10476156
申请日：2002-05-02
IPC分类号： A61K9/14 , A61K9/16 , A61K31/43 , B01D9/00 , B01D9/02 , B01F5/00 , B01F11/02 , B01F13/10 , C30B7/00 , C30B7/08
CPC分类号： C30B7/00 , A61K9/1688 , B01D9/0027 , B01D9/005 , B01D9/0059 , B01D9/0081 , B01F5/0057 , B01F11/0258 , B01F11/0266 , B01F13/1025
摘要： Small crystals are made by mixing a solution of a desired substance with an anti-solvent in a fluidic vortex mixer in which the residence time is less than 1 s, for example 10 ms. The liquid within the fluidic vortex mixer (12) is subjected to high intensity ultrasound from a transducer (20, 22) in or on the wall of the mixer, or coupled to a pipe supplying liquid to the mixer. The solution very rapidly becomes supersaturated, and the ultrasound can induce a very large number of nuclei for crystal growth. Small crystals, for example less than 5 μm, are formed that may be of a suitable size for use in inhalers.
摘要翻译： 通过将所需物质与抗溶剂的溶液在其中停留时间小于1秒，例如10ms的流体涡旋混合器中混合来制备小晶体。 流体涡流混合器（12）内的液体经受来自混合器壁上或其上的换能器（20,22）的高强度超声波，或耦合到向混合器供应液体的管道。 溶液非常迅速地变得过饱和，并且超声可以诱导非常大量的用于晶体生长的核。 形成小晶体，例如小于5μm，其可以具有适合用于吸入器的尺寸。
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公开(公告)号：US07357835B2
公开(公告)日：2008-04-15
申请号：US10514883
申请日：2003-05-13
CPC分类号： B01D9/0013 , B01D9/0036 , B01D9/0063 , B01D9/0081 , C07K5/0613 , Y10T117/1024 , Y10T117/1028
摘要： A crystalline material sufficiently pure for use in pharmaceuticals may be made by forming a saturated solution of the material, changing the temperature of the solution so it becomes supersaturated, and subjecting the solution to irradiation by high intensity ultrasound, the frequency of the ultrasound being scanned over a range of frequencies. For example the ultrasound may be varied between 19.5 and 20.5 kHz, and this variation may be sinusoidal. Preferably the ultrasound is provided only briefly, say for less than 5 s, before allowing the solution to cool gradually without further irradiation. The ultrasound may be applied using a vessel with an array of ultrasonic transducers attached to a wall, so each transducer radiates no more than 3 W/cm2 yet the power dissipation within the vessel is between 25 and 150 W/litre. This method can reduce the metastable zone width to less than 10 K. It is applicable in particular to aspartame.
摘要翻译： 可以通过形成饱和的材料溶液，改变溶液的温度，使其变得过饱和，并通过高强度超声波对该溶液进行照射，使超声频率被扫描，可以制备足够纯的用于药物的结晶物质 在一个频率范围内。 例如，超声可以在19.5和20.5kHz之间变化，并且该变化可以是正弦的。 优选地，在允许溶液逐渐冷却而不进一步照射之前，仅提供超声波，例如少于5秒。 可以使用具有附接到壁的超声波换能器阵列的血管来应用超声波，因此每个换能器辐射不超过3W / cm 2，而容器内的功率耗散在25和150之间 W /升。 该方法可将亚稳区宽度减小到10K以下。特别适用于阿斯巴甜。
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公开(公告)号：US20090130269A1
公开(公告)日：2009-05-21
申请号：US11571718
申请日：2005-07-06
CPC分类号： A23G3/343 , A23G3/26 , A23G2200/06 , A23G2220/20 , A23V2002/00 , A23V2200/22 , A23V2250/60
摘要： A sugar coating is formed on a solution multiplicity of items (5) such as confectionery, using a suspension of crystal nuclei in a solution of sugar. This suspension is created by ultrasonic irradiation of a supersaturated solution. For example a saturated solution is cooled, and stored in a tank (16) connected to a recirculation (10) loop (18) containing a pump (24) and an ultrasonic irradiation module (26). Treated suspension (20) is withdrawn to coat items (11), and new supersaturated solution (14) is introduced. The sugar solution is sufficiently viscous to suppress crystal growth.
摘要翻译： 在糖的溶液中使用结晶核的悬浮液，在诸如糖果的物品（5）的多种物质上形成糖衣。 该悬浮液通过超饱和溶液的超声波照射产生。 例如，将饱和溶液冷却并储存在连接到包含泵（24）和超声波照射模块（26）的再循环（10）回路（18）的罐（16）中。 撤回处理的悬浮液（20）以涂覆物品（11），并引入新的过饱和溶液（14）。 糖溶液足够粘稠以抑制晶体生长。
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公开(公告)号：US07244307B2
公开(公告)日：2007-07-17
申请号：US10513154
申请日：2003-05-08
IPC分类号： C30B15/01
CPC分类号： B01D9/0013 , B01D9/005 , B01D9/0054 , B01D9/0081
摘要： A crystalline material sufficiently pure for use in pharmaceuticals may be made by forming a saturated solution of the material changing the temperature of the solution so it becomes supersaturated, and briefly subjecting the solution to irradiation by high intensity ultrasound, before allowing the solution to cool gradually without further irradiation. The ultrasound may be applied using a vessel with an array of ultrasonic transducers attached to a wall, so each transducer radiates no more than 3 W/cm2 yet the power dissipation within the vessel is between 25 and 150 W/litre. This method can reduce the metastable zone width to less than 10 K. There is no erosion of the wall and consequently no formation of small particles of metal. It is applicable for example to aspartame, and to amino acids.
摘要翻译： 用于药物的足够纯的结晶物质可以通过形成改变溶液温度的材料的饱和溶液使其变得过饱和，并且在使溶液逐渐冷却之前将溶液短暂地经过高强度超声波照射， 无需进一步照射。 可以使用具有附接到壁的超声波换能器阵列的血管来应用超声波，因此每个换能器辐射不超过3W / cm 2，而容器内的功率耗散在25和150之间 W /升。 这种方法可以将亚稳区宽度减小到小于10K。没有壁的侵蚀，因此没有形成小的金属颗粒。 它适用于例如阿斯巴甜和氨基酸。
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公开(公告)号：US07326294B2
公开(公告)日：2008-02-05
申请号：US10513153
申请日：2003-04-08
申请人： Linda Jane McCausland , David Reay
发明人： Linda Jane McCausland , David Reay
CPC分类号： F26B3/12 , A61K9/1688 , B01D1/18 , B01D9/0027 , B01D9/005 , B01D9/0054 , B01D9/0059 , B01D9/0081 , Y10S117/901
摘要： Small crystals are made by mixing a solution of a desired substance with an anti-solvent in a fluidic vortex mixer in which the residence time is less than 1s, for example 10 ms. The liquid within the fluidic vortex mixer (12) is subjected to high intensity ultrasound from a transducer (20, 22). The solution very rapidly becomes supersaturated, and the ultrasound can induce a very large number of nuclei for crystal growth. Small crystals, for example less than 5 μm, are formed. The resulting suspension is treated so as to add or remove ingredients, and then spray dried using an atomizer tuned to create small droplets in such a way that each droplet should contain not more than one crystal. Crystal agglomeration is hence prevented.
摘要翻译： 通过将所需物质的溶液与抗溶剂混合在流动涡旋混合器中制备小晶体，其中停留时间小于1秒，例如10ms。 流体涡流混合器（12）内的液体经受来自换能器（20,22）的高强度超声波。 溶液非常迅速地变得过饱和，并且超声可以诱导非常大量的用于晶体生长的核。 形成小晶体，例如小于5μm。 处理所得到的悬浮液以便添加或除去成分，然后使用调节的雾化器喷雾干燥以产生小液滴，使得每个液滴应该包含不超过一个晶体。 因此防止了晶体聚集。
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