摘要:
A method and apparatus for reducing fouling associated with a process stream in a heat transfer component. The method and apparatus include the use of one of a vibration producing device to impart a vibrational force to desired component and a pulsation producing device for apply pressure pulsations to the process stream. The heat transfer component has at least one surface having a surface roughness of less than 40 micro inches (1.1 μm).
摘要:
A method and device for reducing sulfidation corrosion and depositional fouling in heat transfer components within a refining or petrochemical facility is disclosed. The heat transfer components are formed from a corrosion and fouling resistant steel composition containing a Cr-enriched layer and having a surface roughness of less than 40 micro inches (1.1 μm).
摘要:
A heat transfer component that is resistant to corrosion and fouling is disclosed. The heat transfer component includes a heat exchange surface formed from a chromium-enriched oxide containing material formed from the composition δ, ε, and ζ, wherein ζ is a steel containing at least about 5 to about 40 wt. % chromium, ε is a chromium enriched oxide (M3O4 or M2O3 or mixtures thereof) formed on the surface of the steel ζ, wherein M is a metal containing at least 5 wt. % Cr based on the total weight of the metal M, and δ is a top layer formed on the surface of the chromium-enriched oxide ε, comprising sulfide, oxide, oxysulfide, and mixtures thereof. The top layer δ comprises iron sulfide (Fe1-xS), iron oxide (Fe3O4), iron oxysulfide, iron-chromium sulfide, iron-chromium oxide, iron-chromium oxysulfide, and mixtures thereof. The metal M of the chromium enriched oxide (M3O4 or M2O3 or mixtures thereof) may comprise Fe, Cr, and constituting elements of the steel ζ. The steel ζ may be selected from low chromium steels, ferritic stainless steels, martensitic stainless steels, austenitic stainless steels, duplex stainless steels and precipitation-hardenable alloys.
摘要翻译:公开了耐腐蚀和结垢的传热部件。 传热组件包括由组合物δ,ε和zeta形成的含铬富含氧化物材料形成的热交换表面,其中ζ是含有至少约5至约40wt。 %铬,ε是富含铬的氧化物(M 3 O 4 O 3或M 2 O 3 O 3或其混合物 ),其中M是含有至少5重量%的金属的金属。 %Cr,基于金属M的总重量,δ是在富含铬的氧化物ε的表面上形成的顶层,其包含硫化物,氧化物,氧硫化物及其混合物。 顶层δ包括硫化铁(Fe 1-x S),氧化铁(Fe 3 O 4 O 4),氧硫化铁,铁 - 硫化铬,氧化铁 - 氧化铬,氧硫化铁 - 及其混合物。 富含铬的氧化物(M 3 O 4 O 3或M 2 O 3)的金属M或其混合物) 可以包含Fe,Cr和钢ζ的构成元素。 钢ζ可选自低铬钢,铁素体不锈钢,马氏体不锈钢,奥氏体不锈钢,双相不锈钢和沉淀硬化合金。
摘要:
A heat transfer component that is resistant to both corrosion and fouling is disclosed having a heat exchange surface formed from a silicon containing steel composition including an alloy and a non-metallic film formed on a surface of the alloy. The alloy is formed from the composition η, θ, and ι, in which η is a metal selected from the group consisting of Fe, Ni, Co, and mixtures thereof, θ is Si, and ι is at least one alloying element selected from the group consisting of Cr, Al, Mn, Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, Mo, W, Sc, La, Y, Ce, Ru, Rh, Ir, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au, Ga, Ge, As, In, Sn, Sb, Pb, B, C, N, P, 0, S and mixtures thereof. The non-metallic film comprises sulfide, oxide, carbide, nitride, oxysulfide, oxycarbide, oxynitride and mixtures thereof. The surface roughness of the heat transfer component is less than 40 micro inches.
摘要:
This invention relates to metal surfaces and a method for reducing fouling of metal surfaces. More particularly, metal surfaces such as piping and heat exchangers that transport or contain corrosive and contaminated materials can be protected by formation of organometallic coatings which are in the range of monolayers in thickness.
摘要:
A method for reducing the formation of deposits on the inner walls of a tubular heat exchanger through which a petroleum-based liquid is flowing comprises applying one of fluid pressure pulsations to the liquid flowing through the tubes of the exchanger and vibration to the heat exchanger to effect a reduction of the viscous boundary layer adjacent the inner walls of the tubular heat exchange surfaces. Reduction of the viscous boundary layer at the tube walls not only reduces the incidence of fouling with its consequential beneficial effect on equipment life but it also has the desirable effect of promoting heat transfer from the tube wall to the liquid in the tubes. Fouling and corrosion are further reduced by the use of a coating on the inner wall surfaces of the exchanger tubes.
摘要:
This invention relates to a method for making a carbon steel surface more resistant to fouling and corrosion by subjecting a cleaned carbon steel surface to heating in an oxygen-containing atmosphere followed by exposure of the heated surface to sulfur-containing feeds such that a dense layer of Fe1-x S where X is a number from 0.2 to 0.0 is formed on the steel surface, said dense layer having a thickness of from 0.5 to 200 microns.
摘要:
A catalyst composition containing a medium pore molecular sieve having deposited thereon an active metal oxide and at least one hydrogenation metal selected from the Group VIII and Group VIB metals for use in hydrodewaxing lube oil boiling range feedstreams.
摘要:
A dewaxing catalyst is selectively activated by treatment with an oxygenate. Selective activation is accomplished by treated the dewaxing catalyst with a carrier feed containing oxygenate. The selectively activated dewaxing catalyst when used to dewax waxy hydrocarbons results in improved yield of isomerate at equivalent pour point over a dewaxing catalyst which has not been oxygenate treated.
摘要:
A process for producing lube oil basestocks wherein a wax containing lube oil boiling range feedstream is converted into a basestock suitable for use in motor oil applications by contacting it with a hydrodewaxing catalyst containing a medium pore molecular sieve having deposited thereon an active metal oxide and at least one hydrogenation metal selected from the Group VIII and Group VIB metals.