摘要:
Pyridine is reacted with chlorine at a molar ratio of pyridine to chlorine of 0.5-10 : 1 in a gaseous phase in the presence of at least 0.2 moles, preferably 1 to 20 moles of steam per mole of pyridine under irradiation of ultraviolet rays of 2000-5000 A, thereby producing 2-chloropyridine.
摘要:
Pyridine is reacted with chlorine in the presence of water by photolytic reaction under irradiation of photolytic light, using halogenated hydrocarbon such as carbon tetrachloride as a diluent. When the amount of water added exceeds at least 0.01 moles per one mole of pyridine, an effect of water addition appears, but usually addition of 0.2 to 10 moles, preferably 0.5 to 5 moles of water per one mole of pyridine makes the reaction proceed smoothly without any trouble, and ensures increase in yield and selectivity of 2-chloropyridine. The present process can be carried out in either gaseous or liquid phase.
摘要:
A process for producing p-hydroxybenzaldehyde through p-aminobenzaldehyde from p-nitrotoluene, comprising reacting p-nitrotoluene with sodium polysulphide in an alcohol-alkali aqueous solution mixed solvent in the presence or absence of an aprotic polar compound to produce p-aminobenzaldehyde, diazotizing the p-aminobenzaldehyde and then hydrolyzing the diazotized p-aminobenzaldehyde to produce p-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
摘要:
A process for producing p-hydroxybenzaldehyde through p-aminobenzaldehyde from p-nitrotoluene, comprising reacting p-nitrotoluene with sodium polysulphide in an alcohol-alkali aqueous solution mixed solvent in the presence or absence of an aprotic polar compound to produce p-aminobenzaldehyde, diazotizing the p-aminobenzaldehyde and then hydrolyzing the diazotized p-aminobenzaldehyde to produce p-hydroxybenzaldehyde.
摘要:
A process for producing polythiobisphenols which comprises: reacting a phenol having the general formula ##STR1## wherein each R independently represents a hydrogen, a halogen or an alkyl, with sulfur monochloride in a polar organic solvent in the presence of a nitrogen-containing organic compound as a catalyst which is selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines, quaternary ammoniums, alkylated acid amides and heteroaromatic compounds, in amounts of about 1-30% by weight based on the amount of the phenol used. As a catalyst, bromine or an alkali metal halide is also usable.A novel process for producing mercaptophenols by the hydrogenolysis of polythiobisphenols in the presence of a nickel catalyst is also disclosed. Raney nickel catalyst which is in advance poisoned with an organosulfur compound in which the sulfur atom has unshared electron pairs is especially effective as a catalyst.
摘要:
[Problem] To provide a surface inspection apparatus able to suitably inspect the outer circumference edge part of a semiconductor wafer or other plate-shaped member.[Technical Solution] A semiconductor wafer inspection apparatus 10 has a camera lens 22 arranged facing an outer circumference edge part 101 of a semiconductor wafer 100, an imaging surface 24 arranged facing an outer circumference end face of a semiconductor wafer 100 via the camera lens 22, a mirror 12 forming an image of a first outer circumference bevel surface 101b of the semiconductor wafer 100 on the imaging surface 24 via the camera lens 22, a mirror 14 forming an image of a second outer circumference bevel surface 101c of the semiconductor wafer 100 on the imaging surface 24 via the camera lens 22, a correction lens 26 forming an image of an outer circumference end face 101a of the semiconductor wafer 100 on the imaging surface 24 via the center part of the camera lens 22, and an illumination light guide lamp part 18 illuminating surfaces so that, compared with the outer circumference end face 101a, the first outer circumference bevel surface 101b and second outer circumference bevel surface 101c become brighter.
摘要:
As an assembly 50 of articles of management targets, a serial number that becomes a consecutive number is recorded in each of RFID tags 1, 2, . . . , 12 attended to cardboard boxes 31, 32, . . . , 42 in which articles are stored and a flag, by which the total number of articles that becomes a management target of articles can be calculated, is recorded in at least one of RFID tags. For example, the serial numbers are consecutive numbers starting from one, and the total number of articles is recorded in the flags of all of the RFID tags, or an end flag indicating the last is recorded in the flag of the last RFID tag. The serial numbers are consecutive numbers starting an arbitrary number, a start flag indicating the first is recorded in the flag of the first RFID tag and an end flag indicating the last is recorded in the flag of the last RFID tag, or the total number is recorded in the flag of the last RFID tag.
摘要:
A bipolar type of semiconductor integrated circuit device is provided with U-shaped grooves which are formed by cutting a main surface of a semiconductor body to form isolation regions between bipolar transistors. A silicon oxide film can be formed in the U-shaped grooves by thermal oxidation simultaneously with the formation of a silicon oxide film used to form isolation regions between each collector contact region and base region. No separate step is needed for forming the silicon oxide film between the collector contact region and the base region. The thickness of the silicon oxide film can be controlled, and has a sufficient thickness even at its two edges, i.e., at its boundaries with the U-shaped grooves, so that the bipolar transistors exhibit good electrical characteristics. Namely, the collector resistance thereof does not increase, and the breakdown voltage at the pn junction between the collector region and the base region does not decrease. The U-shaped grooves can each comprise narrow and deep sub-grooves, with thick oxide films formed on the surfaces of the sub-grooves and a thick oxide film formed on a surface of an area between the sub-grooves, and with wiring formed on the oxide on the area between the sub-grooves.
摘要:
Process for preparing 2-alkyl-5-haloacetylbenzenesulfonamide represented by the general formula (1), ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and X is a chlorine atom, bromine atom or iodine atom), characterized by halogenating a 5-acetyl-2-alkylbenzenesulfonamide represented by the general formula (2), ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.1 is the same as defined above) in a lower alcohol represented by the general formula (3),R.sup.4 --OH(wherein R.sup.4 is an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms).
摘要:
A signal electrode drive circuit for driving a liquid crystal display panel includes a latch circuit for latching a digitized video signal, a buffer, a graduation signal-forming circuit, an intensity modulation pulse-generating circuit, and an analog multiplexer. The latch circuit holds the video data only once during one horizontal scanning period until a next latch pulse M is generated, thus considerably reducing current dissipation.