摘要:
An obturator for measuring incident light in a remote situs such as a body cavity which includes a treatment tubular member through which light is delivered to the remote situs and one or more auxiliary tubular members through which incident light in the remote situs is transmitted to an external light detector. The treatment and auxiliary tubular members are attached to a connector element which is in turn connected to a cystoscope lens port. The treatment and auxiliary tubular members are aligned off-center with respect to the central axis of the obturator so that a cystoscope lens can be inserted in the lens port and pass through the axial center of the obturator. Each auxiliary tubular member receives incident light from a different portion of the remote situs. The apparatus is particularly useful for conducting phototherapy in body cavities and has been demonstrated in the phototherapy treatment of superficial cancer in the bladder.
摘要:
A device for measuring incident light in a remote situs such as a body cavity which includes a central tubular member through which light is delivered to the remote situs and one or more auxiliary tubular members through which incident light in the remote situs is transmitted to a light detector. Each auxiliary tubular member receives incident light from a different portion of the remote situs. The apparatus is particularly useful for conducting phototherapy in body cavities and has been demonstrated in the phototherapy treatment of superficial cancer in a bladder.
摘要:
An obturator for measuring incident light in a remote situs such as a body cavity which includes a treatment tubular member through which light is delivered to the remote situs and one or more auxiliary tubular members through which incident light in the remote situs is transmitted to an external light detector. The treatment and auxiliary tubular members are attached to a connector element which is in turn connected to a cystoscope lens port. The treatment and auxiliary tubular members are aligned off-center with respect to the central axis of the obturator so that a cystoscope lens can be inserted in the lens port and pass through the axial center of the obturator. Each auxiliary tubular member receives incident light from a different portion of the remote situs. The apparatus is particularly useful for conducting phototherapy in body cavities and has been demonstrated in the phototherapy treatment of superficial cancer in the bladder.
摘要:
A method of optimizing photodynamic therapy in which retained concentrations of photosensitizers administered are measured on a real time basis by percutaneous measurements of fluorescence. A light weight hand held fluorometer is used to percutaneously measure fluorescence emitted by photosensitizers in a tissue situs that is subject to photodynamic therapy. The use of real time determinations of the concentration of photosensitizers allow optimization of illumination intensity and duration.
摘要:
An EPR imager and spectrometer includes pulse generating system for generating broadband pulses having an RF carrier frequency that is not highly absorbed by biological samples. The pulse generating system includes up and down chirp convertors for frequency modulating a carrier frequency pulse and compressing the frequency modulated pulse to form a broadband excitation pulse of high energy. Such a machine could form the basis of a clinical imaging device capable of high sensitivity to free radical species in human patients.
摘要:
A irradiation attachment for an optical fiber which provides an output of light that has a highly uniform intensity. The device includes a hollow spherical shell having a diffusive reflective surface or target supported therein. Light is directed into the hollow spherical shell so that it reflects off the diffusive reflective surface or target. The reflected light is internally reflected off the inner surface of the hollow spherical shell several times before passing through an output aperture. As a result of the internal reflection within the hollow spherical shell, the light leaving the device has a highly uniform intensity. The device is particularly useful for photodynamic therapy.
摘要:
A sensor apparatus includes a metal oxide semiconductor sensor and a housing having an internal chamber in which the sensor is disposed. The housing includes at least one window for the ingress of a gas into the internal chamber from an atmosphere exterior to the housing. A gas-selective barrier is disposed across the at least one window.
摘要:
A device for protecting sensitive electronic equipment from low level signal lines short circuited to high voltage power sources includes a switch that open the circuit between the data lines and the sensitive computing equipment if a high voltage condition is detected on the data lines. Otherwise, the switch remains closed and data can be transmitted to the computing equipment.
摘要:
Bridged and unbridged fluorenyl-containing metallocenes of the formula R″x(FlRn)(CpRm)MQk wherein Fl is a fluorenyl radical, Cp is a cyclopentadienyl, indenyl, tetrahydroindenyl, or fluorenyl radical, each R is an organo radical, R″ is a structural bridge linking (FlRn) and (CpRm), M is a metal selected from the group consisting of IVB, VB, and VIB metals, each Q is selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbyl or hydrocarbyloxy radicals and halogen, x is 1 or 0, k is an integer sufficient to fill out the remaining valences of M, n is in the range of 0 to 7, and m is 0 to 7, further characterized by the fact that if (CpRm) is unsubstituted fluorenyl and metallocene is an unbridged metallocene, then n is 1 to 7 and if R″ is 1,1-dimethylmethylene and (CpRm) is unsubstituted cyclopentadienyl or 3-methylcyclopentadienyl, then n is 1 to 7.
摘要:
Fluorenyl-containing metallocenes are disclosed along with methods for making the metallocenes. Also disclosed are methods for using the metallocenes as polymerization catalysts. In addition, polymers resulting from such polymerizations are disclosed.