公开(公告)号：US4943709A

公开(公告)日：1990-07-24

申请号：US350353

申请日：1989-05-11

申请人： Jan Grinberg ,  Thomas R. O'Meara, Jr. ,  Murray S. Welkowsky

发明人： Jan Grinberg ,  Thomas R. O'Meara, Jr. ,  Murray S. Welkowsky

IPC分类号： G01J9/02

CPC分类号： G01J9/02

摘要： An adaptive optics system is disclosed which has a phase detector to detect phase distortions acquired by an input beam, and a separate phase adjustor which predistorts a transmission beam so that it is restored to its proper phase during transmission back through the same medium travelled by the input beam. The phase adjustor consists of a liquid crystal mechanism with an area substantially greater than that of the phase detector, thereby permitting high power operation. Liquid crystal pixels in the phase adjustor have dual transistor signal storage circuits which apply operating signals to the pixels without significant decay or flicker. The phase adjustor can be constructed in either a reflective or transmissive mode. Two phase adjustors may be placed in series to enhance response time and/or process an unpolarized beam. A data processor interfaces between the phase detector and phase adjustor. The data processor may include a capability for providing phase adjustment information for a plurality of transmission wavelengths based upon the detected distortion of an input beam at only one of the wavelengths.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种自适应光学系统，其具有用于检测由输入光束获取的相位失真的相位检测器，以及单独的相位调节器，其预发射发射光束，使得在透射期间通过相同介质返回到其适当的相位 输入光束。 相位调节器由具有比相位检测器的面积大得多的面积的液晶机构构成，由此允许高功率运转。 相位调节器中的液晶像素具有双晶体管信号存储电路，其对像素施加操作信号而没有显着的衰减或闪烁。 相位调节器可以以反射或透射模式构成。 两个相位调节器可以串联放置以增强响应时间和/或处理非偏振光束。 相位检测器和相位调节器之间的数据处理器接口。 数据处理器可以包括基于在仅一个波长处的检测到的输入波束的失真来提供多个发射波长的相位调整信息的能力。

公开(公告)号：US4922116A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-01

申请号：US370109

申请日：1989-06-21

申请人： Jan Grinberg ,  Murray S. Welkowsky

发明人： Jan Grinberg ,  Murray S. Welkowsky

IPC分类号： G01J1/02 ,  G01J5/02 ,  G01J5/10 ,  G01J5/12 ,  G01J5/20 ,  G01J5/22 ,  G01J5/28 ,  G01J5/52 ,  H01L27/14 ,  H01L27/146 ,  H01L31/10 ,  H01L31/16 ,  H01L33/00 ,  H01L35/28

CPC分类号： G01J5/10 ,  G01J5/20 ,  G01J5/22 ,  G01J5/522 ,  H01L27/1465

摘要： An infrared (IR) simulator is disclosed in which an array of pixels is defined on an insulative substrate by resistor bridges which contact the substrate at spaced locations and are separated from the substrate, and thereby thermally insulated therefrom, between the contact locations. Semiconductor drive circuits on the substrate enable desired current flows through the resistor bridges in response to input control signals, thereby establishing the appropriate IR radiation from each of the pixels. The drive circuits and also at least some of the electrical lead lines are preferably located under the resistor bridges. A thermal reflector below each bridge shields the drive circuit and reflects radiation to enhance the IR output. The drive circuits employ sample and hold circuits which produce a substantially flicker-free operation, with the resistor bridges being impedance matched with their respective drive circuits. The resistor bridges may be formed by coating insulative base bridges with a resistive layer having the desired properties, and overcoating the resistive layers with a thermally emissive material. The array is preferably formed on a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) wafer. Arrays of electromagnetic radiation bridge detectors may also be formed, with the bridges having either resistor, thermocouple or Schottky junction constructions.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种红外（IR）模拟器，其中像素阵列通过电阻器桥限定在绝缘衬底上，电阻器桥在间隔开的位置处接触衬底，并且在接触位置之间与衬底分离，从而与衬底隔离。 衬底上的半导体驱动电路响应于输入控制信号使期望的电流流过电阻器桥，从而从每个像素建立适当的红外辐射。 驱动电路以及至少一些电引线优选位于电阻桥下。 每个桥下的热反射器屏蔽驱动电路并反射辐射以增强IR输出。 驱动电路采用产生基本上无闪烁操作的采样和保持电路，其中电阻器桥与它们各自的驱动电路阻抗匹配。 可以通过用具有期望特性的电阻层涂覆绝缘基桥来形成电阻器桥，并用热发射材料覆盖电阻层。 阵列优选形成在蓝宝石（SOS）硅晶片上。 也可以形成电磁辐射桥接检测器阵列，其中桥具有电阻器，热电偶或肖特基结结构。

公开(公告)号：US4728174A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-01

申请号：US927580

申请日：1986-11-06

申请人： Jan Grinberg ,  Nobuo J. Koda ,  Phillip G. Reif ,  William P. Bleha, Jr. ,  Murray S. Welkowsky ,  Arno G. Ledebuhr

发明人： Jan Grinberg ,  Nobuo J. Koda ,  Phillip G. Reif ,  William P. Bleha, Jr. ,  Murray S. Welkowsky ,  Arno G. Ledebuhr

IPC分类号： G02F1/13 ,  G02F1/133 ,  G02F1/1333 ,  G09F9/35 ,  G09G3/18

CPC分类号： G02F1/133348

摘要： An electron beam addressed crystal light valve (LCLV) produces an AC voltage across a liquid crystal layer from a single polarity electron beam, and exhibits very high resolution. A mirror and a thin layer of partially conductive material are deposited on a support membrane on the electron beam side of the liquid crystal. The partially conductive layer is divided into a series of pixel elements by a conductive matrix which faces the electron beam. Electrons from the beam are absorbed by the partially conductive layer to establish a negative voltage across the liquid crystal, and then flow out to the conductive matrix to produce an AC voltage prior to the next electron beam scan. The conductive matrix is connected in circuit with a transparent electrode which provides a voltage reference on the readout side of the liquid crystal. The elements of the device are designed with electrical parameters that produce a discharge rate from the partially conductive layer fast enough to complete an AC cycle between successive electron beam scans, but slow enough for the liquid crystal to respond and produce an image.

摘要翻译： 电子束寻址晶体光阀（LCLV）从单极性电子束产生跨液晶层的交流电压，表现出非常高的分辨率。 在液晶的电子束侧的支撑膜上沉积有反射镜和薄层的部分导电材料。 部分导电层通过面向电子束的导电矩阵分成一系列像素元件。 来自光束的电子被部分导电层吸收，以在液晶两端建立负电压，然后在下一个电子束扫描之前流出到导电矩阵以产生交流电压。 导电矩阵与在液晶的读出侧提供电压基准的透明电极连接在一起。 器件的元件设计有电气参数，其从部分导电层产生放电速率足够快以在连续的电子束扫描之间完成AC循环，但是足够慢以使液晶响应并产生图像。

公开(公告)号：US4826293A

公开(公告)日：1989-05-02

申请号：US21381

申请日：1987-03-03

申请人： Jan Grinberg ,  Nubuo J. Koda ,  Philip G. Reif ,  William P. Bleha ,  Murray S. Welkowsky ,  Arno G. Ledebuhr

发明人： Jan Grinberg ,  Nubuo J. Koda ,  Philip G. Reif ,  William P. Bleha ,  Murray S. Welkowsky ,  Arno G. Ledebuhr

IPC分类号： G02F1/135 ,  G02F1/13 ,  G02F1/133 ,  G02F1/1333

CPC分类号： G02F1/133348

摘要： An electron beam addressed liquid crystal light valve (LCLV) produces an AC voltage across a liquid crystal layer from a single polarity electron beam, and exhibits very high resolution. A thin layer of partially conductive material is deposited on a support membrane on the electron beam side of the liquid crystal. A conductive, electron beam permeable sheet is formed on the back of the partially conductive layer. Electrons from the beam are absorbed by the partially conductive layer, and then flow back out to the conductive sheet to produce an AC voltage prior to the next electron beam scan. The conductive sheet is connected in circuit with a transparent electrode which provides a voltage reference on the readout side of the liquid crystal. The device is designed with electrical parameters that produce a discharge rate from the partially conductive layer fast enough to complete an AC cycle between successive electron beam scans, but slow enough for the liquid crystal to respond and produce an image. A separate mirror can be provided to reflect the readout beam back through the liquid crystal, or the conductive sheet can itself serve as a mirror.

摘要翻译： 电子束寻址液晶光阀（LCLV）从单极性电子束产生跨液晶层的交流电压，表现出非常高的分辨率。 部分导电材料的薄层沉积在液晶的电子束侧的支撑膜上。 在部分导电层的背面形成导电的电子束透过片。 来自光束的电子被部分导电层吸收，然后在下一个电子束扫描之前流回导电片以产生交流电压。 导电片与在液晶的读出侧提供电压基准的透明电极连接。 该器件设计有电参数，其从部分导电层产生放电速率足够快以在连续的电子束扫描之间完成AC循环，但是足够慢以使液晶响应并产生图像。 可以提供单独的反射镜以将读出的光束反射回液晶，或者导电片本身可以用作反射镜。

公开(公告)号：US5010251A

公开(公告)日：1991-04-23

申请号：US463563

申请日：1990-01-11

申请人： Jan Grinberg ,  Murray S. Welkowsky ,  Chiung-Sheng Wu ,  Paul O. Braatz

发明人： Jan Grinberg ,  Murray S. Welkowsky ,  Chiung-Sheng Wu ,  Paul O. Braatz

IPC分类号： G01J5/10 ,  G01J5/20 ,  G01J5/22 ,  G01J5/52

CPC分类号： G01J5/10 ,  G01J5/20 ,  G01J5/22 ,  G01J5/522

摘要： An infrared (IR) simulator is disclosed in which an array of pixels is defined on an insulative substrate by resistor bridges which contact the substrate at spaced locations and are separated from the substrate, and thereby thermally insulated therefrom, between the contact locations. Semiconductor drive circuits on the substrate enable desired current flows through the resistor bridges in response to input control signals, thereby establishing the appropriate IR radiation from each of the pixels. The drive circuits and also at least some of the electrical lead lines are preferably located under the resistor bridges. A thermal reflector below each bridge shields the drive circuit and reflects radiation to enhance the IR output. The drive circuits employ sample and hold circuits which produce a substantially flicker-free operation, with the resistor bridges being impedance matched with their respective drive circuits. The resistor bridges may be formed by coating insulative base bridges with a resistive layer having the desired properties, and overcoating the resistive layers with a thermally emissive material. The array is preferably formed on a silicon-on-sapphire (SOS) wafer. Arrays of electromagnetic radiation bridge detectors may also be formed, with the bridges having either resistor, thermocouple or Schottky junction constructions.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种红外（IR）模拟器，其中像素阵列通过电阻器桥限定在绝缘衬底上，电阻器桥在间隔开的位置处接触衬底，并且在接触位置之间与衬底分离，从而与衬底隔离。 衬底上的半导体驱动电路响应于输入控制信号使期望的电流流过电阻器桥，从而从每个像素建立适当的红外辐射。 驱动电路以及至少一些电引线优选位于电阻桥下。 每个桥下的热反射器屏蔽驱动电路并反射辐射以增强IR输出。 驱动电路采用产生基本上无闪烁操作的采样和保持电路，其中电阻器桥与它们各自的驱动电路阻抗匹配。 可以通过用具有期望特性的电阻层涂覆绝缘基桥来形成电阻器桥，并用热发射材料覆盖电阻层。 阵列优选形成在蓝宝石（SOS）硅晶片上。 也可以形成电磁辐射桥接检测器阵列，其中桥具有电阻器，热电偶或肖特基结结构。

公开(公告)号：US06329655B1

公开(公告)日：2001-12-11

申请号：US09414989

申请日：1999-10-07

申请人： Michael D. Jack ,  Michael Ray ,  John Varesi ,  Jan Grinberg ,  Harold Fetterman ,  Franklin A. Dolezal

发明人： Michael D. Jack ,  Michael Ray ,  John Varesi ,  Jan Grinberg ,  Harold Fetterman ,  Franklin A. Dolezal

IPC分类号： G01J500

CPC分类号： G01J5/02 ,  G01J5/023 ,  G01J5/08 ,  G01J5/0837 ,  G01J5/20 ,  H01Q1/22 ,  H01Q9/28 ,  H01Q21/24

摘要： A radiation sensor. The inventive sensor has a two-level detector structure formed on a substrate in which a thermal detector element is suspended over the substrate as a microbridge structure. A receiver of electromagnetic radiation is provided on the same side of the substrate in a manner that efficiently couples the radiation field to the thermal detector element. The thermal detector element has a sandwich structure including a heater metal layer, a dielectric layer, and a thin film thermo-resistive material. The thermal detector element is suspended out of physical contact with the receiver. In one embodiment, the receiver is an antenna having a crossed bowtie configuration that efficiently couples the radiation field to the detector element. The inventive radiation sensors are especially useful for mm-wave and microwave sensing applications. The sensor can be used individually or in linear or two-dimensional arrays thereof. The invention also is directed to a method of fabricating such a radiation sensor.

摘要翻译： 辐射传感器。 本发明的传感器具有形成在基板上的两级检测器结构，其中热探测器元件作为微桥结构悬挂在基板上。 将电磁辐射的接收器以有效地将辐射场耦合到热检测器元件的方式设置在基板的相同侧上。 热检测器元件具有包括加热器金属层，电介质层和薄膜耐热材料的夹层结构。 热探测器元件与接收器物理接触被暂停。 在一个实施例中，接收机是具有交叉的弓形结构的天线，其将辐射场有效地耦合到检测器元件。 本发明的辐射传感器对于毫米波和微波感测应用特别有用。 传感器可以单独使用或以其线性或二维阵列使用。 本发明还涉及一种制造这种辐射传感器的方法。

公开(公告)号：US5929819A

公开(公告)日：1999-07-27

申请号：US767756

申请日：1996-12-17

申请人： Jan Grinberg

发明人： Jan Grinberg

IPC分类号： H01Q3/14 ,  H01Q19/06 ,  H01Q21/06

CPC分类号： H01Q19/06 ,  H01Q21/065 ,  H01Q3/14

摘要： A low profile receiving and/or transmitting antenna includes an array of lenses that focuses millimeter wave or other radiation onto a plurality of conventional patch antenna elements. The lenses and antenna elements are physically configured so that radiation at a tuning wavelength impinging on the antenna at a particular angle of incidence is collected by the lenses and focused onto the antenna elements in-phase. Two rotatable prisms may be disposed above the lenses to alter the angle of incidence of incoming or outgoing radiation to match the particular angle of incidence.

摘要翻译： 低频接收和/或发射天线包括将毫米波或其他辐射聚焦到多个常规贴片天线元件上的透镜阵列。 透镜和天线元件被物理地配置为使得以特定入射角入射在天线上的调谐波长的辐射由透镜收集并同时聚焦到天线元件上。 两个可旋转棱镜可以设置在透镜上方，以改变进入或输出辐射的入射角度以匹配特定的入射角。

公开(公告)号：US4800519A

公开(公告)日：1989-01-24

申请号：US836675

申请日：1986-03-05

申请人： Jan Grinberg ,  Yuri Owechko ,  Bernard H. Soffer ,  Emanuel Marom

发明人： Jan Grinberg ,  Yuri Owechko ,  Bernard H. Soffer ,  Emanuel Marom

IPC分类号： G02F1/05 ,  G02F1/13 ,  G02F3/00 ,  G06E1/00 ,  G06E3/00 ,  G06F7/53 ,  G06G9/00 ,  G02F1/03 ,  G02F1/133

CPC分类号： G06E3/005

摘要： Optical data processing systems are described for processing four NxN matrices A, B, C, D to calculate the expression CA.sup.-1 B+D. Multi-cell spatial light modulators are employed in conjunction with control circuits to perform matrix inversion, multiplication and addition.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于处理四个N×N矩阵A，B，C，D的光学数据处理系统，以计算表达式CA-1B + D。 多单元空间光调制器与控制电路结合使用以执行矩阵求逆，乘法和相加。

公开(公告)号：US4443064A

公开(公告)日：1984-04-17

申请号：US214930

申请日：1980-12-10

申请人： Jan Grinberg ,  Michael Waldner ,  Paul O. Braatz ,  Alexander D. Jacobson

发明人： Jan Grinberg ,  Michael Waldner ,  Paul O. Braatz ,  Alexander D. Jacobson

IPC分类号： G02F1/135 ,  G02F1/1362 ,  G02F1/13

CPC分类号： G02F1/1354 ,  G02F1/136277

摘要： There is disclosed a single crystal silicon charge storage apparatus suitable for use in an alternating current driven liquid crystal light valve having therein a moderately doped microchannel stop grid. The charge storage medium is made of a high resistivity substrate on which an MOS capacitor is formed having fast photoelectric transient response and capable of operating over a wide frequency range. A doped microgrid structure is formed in one side of the substrate to prevent charge carrier spreading at the silicon-silicon dioxide interface and to provide a focusing electric field for the charge carriers. The signal from the substrate is electrically coupled through high-reflectivity mirrors and light blocking layers to the liquid crystal.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种适用于具有适度掺杂的微通道停止栅格的交流驱动液晶光阀的单晶硅电荷存储装置。 电荷存储介质由高电阻率基板制成，其上形成具有快速光电瞬态响应并能够在宽频率范围内工作的MOS电容器。 在衬底的一侧形成掺杂的微电网结构，以防止电荷载体在硅 - 二氧化硅界面处扩散，并为电荷载体提供聚焦电场。 来自基板的信号通过高反射镜和阻光层电耦合到液晶。

公开(公告)号：US4227201A

公开(公告)日：1980-10-07

申请号：US5418

申请日：1979-01-22

申请人： Jan Grinberg ,  Michael Waldner ,  Joe A. Jenney

发明人： Jan Grinberg ,  Michael Waldner ,  Joe A. Jenney

IPC分类号： G02F1/1362 ,  H01L29/78 ,  G02F1/13 ,  G11C19/28

CPC分类号： G02F1/136277

摘要： A liquid crystal light valve which uses the transfer of charge carriers representing a plurality of signals from a CCD array to a liquid crystal light modulated display medium. The signal charge is extracted from the back side of the CCD by driving the CCD clock voltages to zero and allowing the charge to diffuse to the back side where it is collected in a charge depleted region formed by a reverse biased diode and injected into the interface layers of a liquid crystal display medium.

摘要翻译： 一种液晶光阀，其使用表示从CCD阵列到液晶光调制显示介质的多个信号的电荷载体的转移。 通过将CCD时钟电压驱动到零，并且允许电荷扩散到反向偏置二极管形成的电荷耗尽区域中的电荷的背面并注入到界面中，从CCD的背面提取信号电荷 层的液晶显示介质。