摘要:
Disclosed herein are compounds, extracts, and active fractions of the plant Geum japonicum and methods for preventing or treating brain diseases or conditions, such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), chronic cerebral ischemia and Parkinson's disease. The compounds provided herein can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments that are useful in the disclosed methods. Also provided are the use of the compounds and extracts in preparing pharmaceutical formulations and medicaments.
摘要:
Disclosed herein are compounds, extracts, and active fractions of the plant Geum japonicum and methods for preventing or treating brain diseases or conditions, such as ischemic stroke, Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), chronic cerebral ischemia and Parkinson's disease. The compounds provided herein can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments that are useful in the disclosed methods. Also provided are the use of the compounds and extracts in preparing pharmaceutical formulations and medicaments.
摘要:
The present invention is generally directed to the present invention provides for multi-grade engine oil formulations comprising a diester component, wherein the diester component comprises vicinal diester species, and wherein at least a portion of said diester component is bio-derived. Many such formulations of the present invention are expected to favorably compete with similar, existing formulations comprising synthetic esters, but such formulations are generally expected to meet or exceed such existing formulations in a number of areas including, but not limited to, economics, biodegradability, and/or toxicity.
摘要:
The present invention is generally directed to diester-based lubricant compositions comprising one or more isomeric mixtures of diester species. The present invention is also directed to methods of making these and other similar lubricant compositions. In some embodiments, the methods for making such diester-based lubricants utilize a biomass precursor material from which mono-unsaturated free lipid species can be provided or otherwise generated, wherein such mono-unsaturated free lipid species are converted to isomeric diol species en route to the synthesis of diester species for use as/in the diester-based lubricant compositions.
摘要:
A method for reducing mercaptan concentration in a crude oil is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the crude with a treating solution comprising a hypochlorite solution, whereby the mercaptan sulfur is oxidized and converted to at least one sulfur oxoacid or salt thereof, yielding a treated crude oil having less than 50 ppm mercaptan sulfur and residual organic chloride. The treated crude oil containing residual organic chloride is brought in contact with a caustic solution at a molar ratio of caustic to chloride of 0.1:1 to 50:1, generating an upgraded crude oil with less than 10 ppm organic chloride. In one embodiment, the spent treating solution is recycled to form a regenerated hypochlorite stream for use in the treatment solution.
摘要:
A chemical reactor, comprising: a) an ionic liquid, supported on a porous solid; and b) a Brønsted acid; wherein the ionic liquid serves as an adsorbent and promoter for the Brønsted acid, and the Brønsted acid is a catalyst for alkylation, oligomerization, or a combination thereof of a hydrocarbon mixture comprising at least one alkylatable hydrocarbon and at least one alkylating agent in the chemical reactor. Also, a chemical reactor, comprising: a) a gaseous HCl, which is a catalyst for oligomerization of olefins; b) a chloroaluminate ionic liquid, supported on a porous solid, wherein the chloroaluminate ionic liquid serves as an adsorbent and promoter for the catalyst; and c) a volatile hydrocarbon, which evaporates to control a heat of reaction in the chemical reactor.
摘要:
The present invention is generally directed to methods of making diester-based lubricant compositions, wherein formation of diester species proceeds via direct esterification of epoxide intermediates. In some embodiments, the methods for making such diester-based lubricants utilize a biomass precursor and/or low value (e.g., Fischer-Tropsch (FT) olefins and/or alcohols) so as to produce high value diester-based lubricants. In some embodiments, such diester-based lubricants are derived from FT olefins and fatty acids. The fatty acids can be from a bio-based source (i.e., biomass, renewable source) or can be derived from FT alcohols via oxidation.
摘要:
The present invention is generally directed to the present invention provides for multi-grade engine oil formulations comprising a diester component, wherein the diester component comprises vicinal diester species, and wherein at least a portion of said diester component is bio-derived. Many such formulations of the present invention are expected to favorably compete with similar, existing formulations comprising synthetic esters, but such formulations are generally expected to meet or exceed such existing formulations in a number of areas including, but not limited to, economics, biodegradability, and/or toxicity.
摘要:
The present invention is generally directed to methods of making diester-based lubricant compositions, wherein formation of diester species proceeds via esterification of epoxide intermediates, and wherein the epoxide intermediates are generated via an enzymatically-driven mechanism. In some embodiments, the methods for making such diester-based lubricants utilize a biomass precursor and/or low value (e.g., Fischer-Tropsch (FT) olefins and/or alcohols) so as to produce high value diester-based lubricants. In some embodiments, such diester-based lubricants are derived from FT olefins and fatty acids. The fatty acids can be from a bio-based source (i.e., biomass, renewable source) or can be derived from FT alcohols via oxidation.
摘要:
A method for reducing mercaptan concentration in a crude oil is disclosed. The method comprises contacting the crude with a treating solution comprising a hypochlorite solution, whereby the mercaptan sulfur is oxidized and converted to at least one sulfur oxoacid or salt thereof, yielding a treated crude oil having less than 50 ppm mercaptan sulfur and residual organic chloride. The treated crude oil containing residual organic chloride is brought in contact with a caustic solution at a molar ratio of caustic to chloride of 0.1:1 to 50:1, generating an upgraded crude oil with less than 10 ppm organic chloride. In one embodiment, the spent treating solution is recycled to form a regenerated hypochlorite stream for use in the treatment solution.