公开(公告)号：US5844919A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-01

申请号：US697686

申请日：1996-09-16

申请人： Neal Glover ,  Christopher P. Zook ,  John Schadegg ,  William L. Witt

发明人： Neal Glover ,  Christopher P. Zook ,  John Schadegg ,  William L. Witt

IPC分类号： G11B20/18 ,  H03M13/15 ,  H03M13/29 ,  H03M13/35 ,  G11C29/00

CPC分类号： G11B20/1883 ,  G11B20/1816 ,  H03M13/151 ,  H03M13/29 ,  H03M13/35 ,  G11B2220/20

摘要： A disc storage system comprising a sector level ECS for correcting errors within a sector during readback, and a track level ECS for correcting a sector that becomes unrecoverable at the sector level either because the number of hard errors exceeds the error correction capability of the sector redundancy, or because the sector is unreadable due, for instance, to an inability to synchronize to the sector data. A data buffer stores the data sectors, and a redundancy buffer stores the track level redundancy data. If during a read operation a data sector is determined to be unrecoverable using the sector level redundancy, the storage system corrects the unrecoverable sector using the track level redundancy.

摘要翻译： 一种盘存储系统，包括用于在回读期间校正扇区内的错误的扇区级ECS，以及用于校正扇区级别变得不可恢复的扇区的轨迹级ECS，这是因为硬错误的数量超过扇区冗余的纠错能力 ，或者因为扇区由于例如无法与扇区数据同步而不可读。 数据缓冲器存储数据扇区，并且冗余缓冲器存储轨道级冗余数据。 如果在读取操作期间使用扇区级冗余确定数据扇区不可恢复，则存储系统使用轨道级冗余来校正不可恢复扇区。

公开(公告)号：US5701304A

公开(公告)日：1997-12-23

申请号：US714749

申请日：1996-09-16

申请人： Neal Glover ,  Christopher P. Zook ,  John Schadegg ,  William L. Witt

发明人： Neal Glover ,  Christopher P. Zook ,  John Schadegg ,  William L. Witt

IPC分类号： G11B20/18 ,  G06F11/00

CPC分类号： G11B20/1883 ,  G11B20/1803 ,  G11B2020/10916 ,  G11B2220/20

摘要： In a disc drive storage system employing a track level redundancy sector for reconstructing a data sector unrecoverable at the sector level, the latency of the storage system is minimized by performing a write operation according to the following steps: 1. seek to the target track corresponding to the sector(s) to be written; 2. once at the target track, wait for the recording head to reach the first sector in the track (sector 0); 3. begin reading and processing the sectors in the target track to regenerate the redundancy sector; 4. when the recording head reaches the target sector(s), combine the new data sector(s) with the regenerated redundancy sector, switch to a write operation, and write the new sectors to the track; 5. after writing the new data sectors to the track, switch back to a read operation and continue reading the data sectors in the track and combining them with the regenerated redundancy sector; and 6. when the recording head reaches the redundancy sector, which is preferably the last sector on the track, switch to a write operation and write the regenerated redundancy sector to the track.

摘要翻译： 在采用磁道级冗余扇区用于重构在扇区级别不可恢复的数据扇区的磁盘驱动器存储系统中，通过根据以下步骤执行写入操作使存储系统的等待时间最小化：1.寻找对应于 要写入的部门; 2.在目标轨道上，等待记录头到达轨道中的第一扇区（扇区0）; 3.开始读取和处理目标轨道中的扇区，以重新生成冗余扇区; 当记录头到达目标扇区时，将新数据扇区与再生冗余扇区组合，切换到写操作，并将新扇区写入轨道; 在将新的数据扇区写入轨道之后，切换回读操作并继续读取轨道中的数据扇区并将其与再生的冗余扇区组合; 当记录头到达冗余扇区时，优选地是轨道上的最后一个扇区，切换到写操作，并将再生冗余扇区写入轨道。

公开(公告)号：US5872800A

公开(公告)日：1999-02-16

申请号：US715265

申请日：1996-09-16

申请人： Neal Glover ,  Christopher P. Zook ,  William L. Witt

发明人： Neal Glover ,  Christopher P. Zook ,  William L. Witt

IPC分类号： G11B20/18 ,  G11C29/00

CPC分类号： G11B20/1833

摘要： A disc drive storage system having a plurality of data tracks and data sectors within each track, wherein each track further comprises a redundancy sector for reconstructing a data sector unrecoverable at the sector level. The latency of the storage system is minimized by generating track level redundancy data over the write range of data sectors and storing the "write" redundancy to the redundancy sector. Then during idle time of the storage system, the track level redundancy is regenerated for the entire track. If an unrecoverable data sector is encountered during the idle time redundancy regeneration, and the unrecoverable data sector is within the write range of the previous write operation, then it is reconstructed using the track level redundancy data stored in the redundancy sector.

摘要翻译： 一种磁盘驱动器存储系统，其具有每个磁道内的多个数据磁道和数据扇区，其中每个磁道还包括冗余扇区，用于重建在扇区级无法恢复的数据扇区。 通过在数据扇区的写入范围上产生磁道级冗余数据并将“写入”冗余存储到冗余扇区来最小化存储系统的延迟。 然后在存储系统的空闲时间期间，为整个轨道重新生成轨道级冗余。 如果在空闲时间冗余再生期间遇到不可恢复的数据扇区，并且不可恢复的数据扇区在先前写入操作的写入范围内，则使用存储在冗余扇区中的轨道级冗余数据来重构。

公开(公告)号：US5844911A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-01

申请号：US761993

申请日：1996-12-12

申请人： John Schadegg ,  Neal Glover ,  Laura Droege Shellhamer ,  William L. Witt ,  Richard T. Behrens

发明人： John Schadegg ,  Neal Glover ,  Laura Droege Shellhamer ,  William L. Witt ,  Richard T. Behrens

IPC分类号： G11B7/007 ,  G11B20/18 ,  G01R31/28 ,  G11B7/00

CPC分类号： G11B20/1883 ,  G11B2220/20 ,  G11B7/007

摘要： A defect management system is disclosed for disc storage systems which avoids the access latency associated with conventional linear replacement techniques by dispersing spare segments throughout each track at a regular interval and buffering sectors inbetween a defective sector and the corresponding spare segment during read and write operations. In one embodiment, a spare segment is an entire sector which replaces a defective data sector; and in an alternative embodiment, a spare segment stores only the defective portion of a data sector which is more efficient, but also more complicated in implementation. In both embodiments, the defect management system comprises a defect locator for locating a defective segment within a data sector. Once located, the defect management system maps the defective sector (or the defective portion thereof) to the nearest available spare segment. Then when accessing the track that comprises the defective sector, the data sectors between the defective segment and corresponding spare segment are buffered in a data buffer, and an area in the data buffer is reserved for storing the data associated with the spare segment. In this manner, data can be written to and read from the track in a contiguous sequence without requiring an extra revolution of latency as in the conventional linear replacement defect mapping techniques.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于盘存储系统的缺陷管理系统，其避免了与常规线性替换技术相关联的访问延迟，通过以常规间隔分散每个磁道上的备用段，并在读写操作期间缓冲缺陷扇区与相应备用段之间的扇区。 在一个实施例中，备用段是替换有缺陷的数据扇区的整个扇区; 并且在替代实施例中，备用段仅存储更有效的数据扇区的缺陷部分，而且在实现中更复杂。 在两个实施例中，缺陷管理系统包括用于定位数据扇区内的缺陷段的缺陷定位器。 一旦定位，缺陷管理系统将缺陷扇区（或其缺陷部分）映射到最近的可用备用段。 然后，当访问包括缺陷扇区的轨迹时，将缺陷段与相应的备用段之间的数据扇区缓冲在数据缓冲器中，并且数据缓冲区中的区域被保留用于存储与备用段相关联的数据。 以这种方式，可以以连续的顺序将数据写入轨道并从轨道读取数据，而不需要象传统的线性替换缺陷映射技术那样的等待时间的额外旋转。

公开(公告)号：US06125469A

公开(公告)日：2000-09-26

申请号：US137126

申请日：1998-08-20

申请人： Christopher P. Zook ,  Neal Glover ,  John J. Schadegg, Jr.

发明人： Christopher P. Zook ,  Neal Glover ,  John J. Schadegg, Jr.

IPC分类号： G11B20/18

CPC分类号： G11B20/10527 ,  G11B20/1217 ,  G11B20/1833 ,  G11B2020/10759 ,  G11B2020/10787 ,  G11B2020/1287 ,  G11B2020/1843 ,  G11B2220/20

摘要： A magnetic disk storage device employing an on-the-fly, multiple burst error correction system for detecting and correcting errors in data sectors stored on a magnetic disk, wherein each data sector comprises a data field and multiple sync marks for synchronizing to the data field. Multiple sync marks improve the probability of successful byte synchronization to the data field in the presence of noise in the system, such as defects in the storage medium. Further, a sync mark may be embedded within the data field to facilitate byte resynchronization when synchronization is lost.

摘要翻译： 一种磁盘存储装置，其采用运行中的多脉冲串错误校正系统，用于检测和校正存储在磁盘上的数据扇区中的错误，其中每个数据扇区包括用于与数据字段同步的数据字段和多个同步标记 。 多个同步标记提高了在系统中存在噪声（例如存储介质中的缺陷）时与数据字段成功的字节同步的概率。 此外，同步标记可以嵌入在数据字段内，以便在失去同步时便于字节重新同步。

公开(公告)号：US5822337A

公开(公告)日：1998-10-13

申请号：US565866

申请日：1995-12-01

申请人： Christopher P. Zook ,  Neal Glover

发明人： Christopher P. Zook ,  Neal Glover

IPC分类号： G06F11/10 ,  H03M13/00 ,  H03M13/15

CPC分类号： G06F11/1004 ,  G06F11/10 ,  H03M13/151

摘要： An apparatus and method of generating redundancy symbols and syndromes which is order-programmable is disclosed. The apparatus and method involves the implementation of an error correcting encoder/decoder for polynomial codes which uses a single circuit to generate check symbols during the transmit operation and to generate syndromes during a receive operation. The selection of roots for the code generator, and hence, the code order is programmable.

公开(公告)号：US5623377A

公开(公告)日：1997-04-22

申请号：US222666

申请日：1994-04-04

申请人： Richard T. Behrens ,  Neal Glover ,  Trent O. Dudley ,  Alan J. Armstrong ,  Christopher P. Zook ,  William G. Bliss

发明人： Richard T. Behrens ,  Neal Glover ,  Trent O. Dudley ,  Alan J. Armstrong ,  Christopher P. Zook ,  William G. Bliss

IPC分类号： G11B5/09 ,  G11B20/10 ,  H03H17/02 ,  H03H17/06 ,  H04B3/06 ,  G11B5/035

CPC分类号： H03H17/06 ,  G11B20/10009 ,  G11B5/09 ,  H03H17/02

摘要： A filter for compensating discrete secondary pulse formations associated with a data stream of discrete main pulses produced from data read from magnetic media. The filter's impulse response comprises a center coefficient with side compensating coefficients for attenuating the secondary pulses when the input signal is convolved with the impulse response. The magnitude and delay of the compensation coefficients are programmable and are adaptively adjusted to optimize the impulse response for a given environment. In a traditional FIR embodiment, two delay lines are used to generate the two programmable delays between the center coefficient and side compensation coefficients. In the preferred embodiment, an IIR filter provides the two programmable delays using only one delay line thereby reducing the size and cost of the circuit. Also in the preferred embodiment, the data stream is interleaved into an even and odd data stream and processed in parallel by two filters in order to double the throughput. Further, the pre-cursor correcting portion of the filter can be disabled in order to avoid delaying the data stream while still canceling the post-cursor secondary pulses. The filter also comprises attenuation and adder means to match the coincident sample values in amplitude and add them to substantially eliminate the effect of the secondary pulses in the discrete data stream.

摘要翻译： 用于补偿与从磁介质读取的数据产生的离散主脉冲的数据流相关联的离散次级脉冲形成的滤波器。 滤波器的脉冲响应包括具有侧补偿系数的中心系数，用于当输入信号与脉冲响应卷积时衰减次级脉冲。 补偿系数的幅度和延迟可编程，并进行自适应调整，以优化给定环境的脉冲响应。 在传统的FIR实施例中，使用两条延迟线来产生中心系数和侧面补偿系数之间的两个可编程延迟。 在优选实施例中，IIR滤波器仅使用一个延迟线提供两个可编程延迟，从而减小电路的尺寸和成本。 同样在优选实施例中，数据流被交织成偶数和奇数数据流，并且由两个滤波器并行处理，以使吞吐量翻倍。 此外，可以禁用滤波器的前光标校正部分，以避免在仍然取消后光标次级脉冲的同时延迟数据流。 滤波器还包括衰减和加法器装置，以使幅度上重合的采样值相匹配，并将它们相加，以基本上消除离散数据流中次级脉冲的影响。

公开(公告)号：US5473620A

公开(公告)日：1995-12-05

申请号：US124938

申请日：1993-09-21

申请人： Christopher P. Zook ,  Neal Glover

发明人： Christopher P. Zook ,  Neal Glover

IPC分类号： G06F11/10 ,  H03M13/00 ,  H03M13/15

CPC分类号： G06F11/1004 ,  G06F11/10 ,  H03M13/151

摘要： An apparatus and method of generating redundancy symbols and syndromes which is order-programmable is disclosed. The apparatus and method involves the implementation of an error correcting encoder/decoder for polynomial codes which uses a single circuit to generate check symbols during the transmit operation and to generate syndromes during a receive operation. The selection of roots for the code generator, and hence, the code order is programmable.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种生成可编程序列的冗余符号和校正子的装置和方法。 该装置和方法包括实施用于多项式代码的纠错编码器/解码器，其使用单个电路在发送操作期间产生校验符号并且在接收操作期间产生校正符号。 代码生成器的根的选择，因此代码顺序是可编程的。

公开(公告)号：US5844920A

公开(公告)日：1998-12-01

申请号：US745913

申请日：1996-11-07

申请人： Christopher P. Zook ,  Neal Glover ,  Alan J. Armstrong

发明人： Christopher P. Zook ,  Neal Glover ,  Alan J. Armstrong

IPC分类号： G11B5/012 ,  G11B20/14 ,  G11B20/18 ,  G11B27/30 ,  G11B20/10

CPC分类号： G11B20/1217 ,  G11B20/1426 ,  G11B20/1813 ,  G11B27/3027 ,  G11B5/012 ,  G11B2020/1476 ,  G11B2220/20

摘要： A magnetic disk storage system is disclosed wherein byte synchronization to sector data is achieved even when noise in the read channel, due for instance to a thermal asperity (TA), corrupts the primary preamble and/or sync mark fields or causes a loss of frequency or phase lock. The data sector format is modified to comprise at least one secondary sync mark in addition to the conventional primary sync mark recorded at the beginning of the data field. In this manner, when the primary sync mark becomes undetectable due to errors, or when byte synchronization is lost, the storage system can still synchronize to the data sector using the secondary sync mark. The secondary sync mark is preferably spaced apart from the primary sync mark with either a gap (no data) or user data inserted inbetween. In the latter embodiment, two methods are employed to recover user data inbetween the primary and secondary sync marks when the primary sync mark is undetectable: on-the-fly erasure pointer error correction, and buffering to facilitate retroactive synchronization. The secondary sync mark may optionally include a secondary preamble to facilitate phase locking to the data when the primary preamble is corrupted by errors. The present invention also provides "split segment" resynchronization for synchronizing a first section of data using a first mark, and retroactively synchronizing a second section of data using a following sync mark when synchronization is lost.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种磁盘存储系统，其中即使由于例如热不平坦（TA）而导致的读通道中的噪声破坏了主前同步码和/或同步标记场，也导致频率损失，实现了与扇区数据的字节同步 或锁相。 修改数据扇区格式，除了在数据字段的开始处记录的常规主同步标记之外还包括至少一个辅助同步标记。 以这种方式，当主同步标记由于错误而变得不可检测，或者当字节同步丢失时，存储系统仍然可以使用辅助同步标记与数据扇区同步。 次同步标记优选地与主同步标记间隔开，间隙（无数据）或插入其间的用户数据。 在后一实施例中，当主同步标记不可检测时，采用两种方法来恢复主同步标记和辅同步标记之间的用户数据：即时擦除指针错误校正和缓冲以便于追溯同步。 辅助同步标记可以可选地包括辅助前同步码，以便在主要前同步码被错误破坏时便于锁定数据。 本发明还提供了用于使用第一标记来同步第一部分数据的“分割段”重新同步，并且当同步丢失时使用后续同步标记追溯地同步第二数据段。

公开(公告)号：US5602857A

公开(公告)日：1997-02-11

申请号：US326126

申请日：1994-10-18

申请人： Christopher P. Zook ,  Neal Glover ,  John J. Schadegg, Jr.

发明人： Christopher P. Zook ,  Neal Glover ,  John J. Schadegg, Jr.

IPC分类号： G06F7/72 ,  G06F11/10 ,  G11B20/18 ,  G11B27/30 ,  H03M13/00 ,  H03M13/09 ,  H03M13/15 ,  H03M13/17 ,  H03M13/35 ,  H04L1/00

CPC分类号： G06F11/1004 ,  G06F11/10 ,  G06F7/726 ,  G11B20/1833 ,  G11B27/3027 ,  H03M13/00 ,  H03M13/09 ,  H03M13/151 ,  H03M13/17 ,  H03M13/35 ,  H04L1/0045 ,  G11B2220/20

摘要： An error correction system (1000) included in a utilization device (1002) operates upon a plurality of sectors (S) stored in a data buffer (1100) for performing write-from-host and read-from-device operations. Overlapping and asynchronous operational steps are performed with respect to the plurality of sectors, the operational steps including sector transfer into buffer, sector correction, and sector transfer out of buffer. The error correction system (1000) includes a plurality of subsystems which are supervised and sequenced by correction controller (1020). The subsystems include a CRC generation and checking subsystem (1030); an LBA subsystem (1040); an ECC/Syndrome Generator subsystem (1050); a header (ID) subsystem (1060); a correction subsystem (1070); and, a correction checker system (1075).

摘要翻译： 包括在利用装置（1002）中的纠错系统（1000）对存储在数据缓冲器（1100）中的多个扇区（S）进行操作，用于执行从主机和从设备读取操作。 对于多个扇区执行重叠和异步操作步骤，操作步骤包括扇区传送到缓冲器，扇区校正和扇区传送出缓冲器。 纠错系统（1000）包括由校正控制器（1020）监督和排序的多个子系统。 子系统包括CRC生成和检查子系统（1030）。 LBA子系统（1040）; ECC /综合征发生器子系统（1050）; 标题（ID）子系统（1060）; 校正子系统（1070）; 和校正检查系统（1075）。