Safe sequencing system
    4.
    发明授权
    Safe sequencing system 有权
    安全排序系统

    公开(公告)号:US09476095B2

    公开(公告)日:2016-10-25

    申请号:US14111715

    申请日:2012-04-12

    IPC分类号: C12Q1/68 C07H21/02

    摘要: The identification of mutations that are present in a small fraction of DNA templates is essential for progress in several areas of biomedical research. Though massively parallel sequencing instruments are in principle well-suited to this task, the error rates in such instruments are generally too high to allow confident identification of rare variants. We here describe an approach that can substantially increase the sensitivity of massively parallel sequencing instruments for this purpose. One example of this approach, called “Safe-SeqS” for (Safe-Sequencing System) includes (i) assignment of a unique identifier (UID) to each template molecule; (ii) amplification of each uniquely tagged template molecule to create UID-families; and (iii) redundant sequencing of the amplification products. PCR fragments with the same UID are truly mutant (“super-mutants”) if ≧95% of them contain the identical mutation. We illustrate the utility of this approach for determining the fidelity of a polymerase, the accuracy of oligonucleotides synthesized in vitro, and the prevalence of mutations in the nuclear and mitochondrial genomes of normal cells.

    摘要翻译: 存在于DNA模板的一小部分中的突变的鉴定对于在几个生物医学研究领域的进展是必不可少的。 尽管大规模并行测序仪器原则上非常适合于此任务,但是这些仪器中的错误率通常太高,无法确定罕见的变体。 我们在这里描述了一种可以显着增加大规模并行测序仪器对此目的的灵敏度的方法。 这种方法的一个例子是(Safe-Sequencing System),称为“Safe-SeqS”,包括(i)将唯一标识符(UID)分配给每个模板分子; (ii)每个唯一标记的模板分子的扩增以产生UID家族; 和(iii)扩增产物的冗余测序。 具有相同UID的PCR片段是真实的突变体(“超突变体”),如果其≥95%含有相同的突变。 我们说明了这种方法用于确定聚合酶的保真度,体外合成的寡核苷酸的准确性以及正常细胞的核和线粒体基因组中突变的流行率的效用。

    Integrated analyses of breast and colorectal cancers
    5.
    发明授权
    Integrated analyses of breast and colorectal cancers 有权
    乳腺癌和结肠直肠癌的综合分析

    公开(公告)号:US08709723B2

    公开(公告)日:2014-04-29

    申请号:US13461268

    申请日:2012-05-01

    IPC分类号: C12Q1/66 C12P19/34 C07H21/02

    CPC分类号: C12Q1/6886 C12Q2600/156

    摘要: Genome-wide analysis of copy number changes in breast and colorectal tumors used approaches that can reliably detect homozygous deletions and amplifications. The number of genes altered by major copy number changes—deletion of all copies or amplification of at least twelve copies per cell—averaged thirteen per tumor. These data were integrated with previous mutation analysis of the Reference Sequence genes in these same tumor types to identify genes and cellular pathways affected by both copy number changes and point alterations. Pathways enriched for genetic alterations include those controlling cell adhesion, intracellular signaling, DNA topological change, and cell cycle control. These analysis provide an integrated view of copy number and sequencing alterations on a genome-wide scale and identify genes and pathways that are useful for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

    摘要翻译: 使用可以可靠地检测纯合缺失和扩增的方法对乳腺和结肠直肠肿瘤的拷贝数变化进行全基因组分析。 通过主要拷贝数变化改变的基因数量 - 全部拷贝的缺失或每个细胞至少12个拷贝的扩增,平均每个肿瘤13个。 这些数据与以前相同肿瘤类型的参考序列基因的突变分析结合起来,以鉴定受拷贝数变化和点变化影响的基因和细胞途径。 富含遗传改变的途径包括控制细胞粘附,细胞内信号转导,DNA拓扑变化和细胞周期控制的途径。 这些分析提供了在全基因组范围内的拷贝数和测序改变的综合视图,并确定了可用于癌症诊断和治疗的基因和途径。

    Tyrosine kinome
    6.
    发明授权
    Tyrosine kinome 有权
    酪氨酸激酶

    公开(公告)号:US08394598B2

    公开(公告)日:2013-03-12

    申请号:US12705760

    申请日:2010-02-15

    IPC分类号: C12Q1/68 G01N33/574

    摘要: Protein kinases are important signaling molecules involved in tumorigenesis. Mutational analysis of the human tyrosine kinase gene family (98 genes) identified somatic alterations in -20% of colorectal cancers, with the majority of mutations occurring in NTRK3, FES, GUCY2F and a previously uncharacterized tyrosine kinase gene called MCCK/MLK4. Most alterations were in conserved residues affecting key regions of the kinase domain. These data represent a paradigm for the unbiased analysis of signal transducing genes in cancer and provide useful targets for therapeutic intervention.

    摘要翻译: 蛋白激酶是参与肿瘤发生的重要信号分子。 人类酪氨酸激酶基因家族(98个基因)的突变分析鉴定了-20%的结肠直肠癌的体细胞变化,大部分突变发生在NTRK3,FES,GUCY2F和以前称为MCCK / MLK4的未表征的酪氨酸激酶基因。 大多数改变是保守的残基影响激酶结构域的关键区域。 这些数据代表了癌症中信号转导基因的无偏见分析的范例,并为治疗干预提供了有用的目标。

    Mutations of the PIK3CA gene in human cancers
    9.
    发明授权
    Mutations of the PIK3CA gene in human cancers 有权
    人类癌症中PIK3CA基因的突变

    公开(公告)号:US08026053B2

    公开(公告)日:2011-09-27

    申请号:US10591347

    申请日:2005-02-18

    IPC分类号: C12Q1/68

    CPC分类号: C12Q1/6886 C12Q2600/156

    摘要: Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinases (PI3Ks) are known to be important regulators of signaling pathways. To determine whether PI3Ks are genetically altered in cancers, we analyzed the sequences of the P13K gene family and discovered that one family member, PIK3CA, is frequently mutated in cancers of the colon and other organs. The majority of mutations clustered near two positions within the P13K helical or kinase domains. PIK3CA represents one of the most highly mutated oncogenes yet identified in human cancers and is useful as a diagnostic and therapeutic target.

    摘要翻译: 已知磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶(PI3K)是信号通路的重要调控因子。 为了确定PI3K在癌症中的遗传改变,我们分析了P13K基因家族的序列,发现一个家族成员PIK3CA在结肠癌和其他器官的癌症中经常发生突变。 大多数突变聚集在P13K螺旋或激酶结构域内的两个位置附近。 PIK3CA代表人类癌症中尚未鉴定的最高突变型癌基因之一,可用作诊断和治疗靶点。

    HUMAN TRANSCRIPTOMES
    10.
    发明申请
    HUMAN TRANSCRIPTOMES 审中-公开
    人物代码

    公开(公告)号:US20110033466A1

    公开(公告)日:2011-02-10

    申请号:US12858717

    申请日:2010-08-18

    CPC分类号: C12Q1/6886 C12Q2600/136

    摘要: Global gene expression patterns have been characterized in normal and cancerous human cells using serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE). Cancer cell-specific, cell-type specific, and ubiquitously expressed genes have been identified. This information can be used to provide combinations of cell type- and cancer-specific gene probes, as well as methods of using these probes to identify particular cell types, screen for useful drugs, reduce cancer-specific gene expression, standardize gene expression, and restore function to a diseased cell or tissue.

    摘要翻译: 使用基因表达(SAGE)的连续分析,在正常和癌性人类细胞中表征全球基因表达模式。 已经鉴定了癌细胞特异性,细胞型特异性和普遍表达的基因。 该信息可用于提供细胞类型和癌症特异性基因探针的组合,以及使用这些探针来鉴定特定细胞类型,筛选有用药物,降低癌症特异性基因表达,标准化基因表达的方法,以及 恢复功能到病变细胞或组织。