公开(公告)号：US4046667A

公开(公告)日：1977-09-06

申请号：US627299

申请日：1975-10-30

Applicant: Philip J. Goetz

Inventor： Philip J. Goetz

IPC: G01N27/447 ,  G01N27/26 ,  G01N27/28

CPC classification number: G01N27/44721

Abstract: Microelectrophoresis apparatus is provided comprising an electrophoresis chamber, circuit means for impressing a voltage across the chamber, means for generating a light beam to illuminate a portion of the chamber, and a microscope including an objective lens system and an eyepiece for viewing illuminated particles migrating relative to a suspending medium within the chamber under the influence of the applied voltage. Disposed within the microscope between the objective lens system and the eyepiece i.e., internally of the microscope, is a movable optical prism driven by a galvanometer, the drive circuit of which includes an adjustable potentiometer for controlling the rate and direction of movement of the optical prism. Circuit means connected to the galvanometer drive circuit and the circuit applying the voltage potential across the chamber is adapted to develop a signal proportional to the electrophoretic mobility or zeta potential of the migrating particles in the medium in the chamber when the rate of movement of the optical prism is adjusted such that it cancels the transfer velocity of the migrating particles and the particles appear stationary when observed through the eyepiece of the microscope.

Abstract translation: 提供了包括电泳室的微电泳装置，用于施加腔室电压的电路装置，用于产生照射室的一部分的光束的装置，以及包括物镜系统和目镜的显微镜，用于观察相对移动的照射粒子 在施加的电压的影响下到室内的悬浮介质。 在显微镜内放置在物镜系统和目镜之间，即显微镜内部，是由检流计驱动的可移动光学棱镜，其驱动电路包括可调电位计，用于控制光学棱镜的运动速度和运动方向 。 连接到电流计驱动电路的电路装置和施加跨室的电压电位的电路适于产生与腔室中的介质中的迁移颗粒的电泳迁移率或ζ电位成比例的信号，当光学器件的移动速率 调整棱镜，使得当通过显微镜的目镜观察时，其抵消迁移颗粒的转移速度，并且颗粒看起来静止。

公开(公告)号：US20110012627A1

公开(公告)日：2011-01-20

申请号：US12806825

申请日：2010-08-23

Applicant: Andrei Dukhin ,  Philip J. Goetz

Inventor： Andrei Dukhin ,  Philip J. Goetz

IPC: G01R27/08

CPC classification number: G01N15/088

Abstract: Propagation of ultrasound through a porous body saturated with liquid generates electric response.

Abstract translation: 通过饱和液体的多孔体传播超声波产生电响应。

公开(公告)号：US4154669A

公开(公告)日：1979-05-15

申请号：US767770

申请日：1977-02-11

Applicant: Philip J. Goetz

Inventor： Philip J. Goetz

IPC: G01N21/53 ,  G01N27/26 ,  G01N27/447 ,  G01P3/486 ,  G01P3/489 ,  G01N27/00 ,  H01J39/00 ,  H01J39/34

CPC classification number: G01P3/486 ,  G01N27/44721 ,  G01P3/489

Abstract: A light source illuminates particles migrating in an electrophoresis chamber under the influence of a reversing polarity electric field applied between a pair of spaced electrodes which are in the form of thin conductive layers deposited on opposed end portions of the chamber. The light reflected from the particles migrating along the stationary layer of the chamber is imaged onto a circumferentially arranged grating on a transparent rotating disk and modulated thereby. The modulated reflected particle light image is then applied to a photomultiplier tube which in response produces a spectral output signal which is subsequently applied to a frequency translating circuit where it is heterodyned down to the zero frequency region and offset relative to a reference frequency such that the heterodyned signal has a frequency content which is related to mean mobility and a polarity with respect to the offset reference frequency which serves as an indication of the polarity of the charge of the particles migrating in the chamber. A Real Time Analyzer or a frequency tracking circuit may be employed to convert the translator output signal to a mobility histogram or to an accurate measurement of mean mobility, respectively.

Abstract translation: 光源照射在电泳室内迁移的颗粒，该反应极性电场施加在沉积在室的相对端部上的薄导电层形式的一对间隔电极之间的反向极性电场的影响。 从沿着室的静止层迁移的颗粒反射的光被成像到透明旋转盘上的周向布置的光栅上并由其调制。 然后将经调制的反射粒子光图像应用于光电倍增管，该光电倍增管响应产生频谱输出信号，随后将其输入到频率转换电路，其中它被外差下降到零频率区域并相对于参考频率偏移，使得 外差信号具有与平均移动性相关的频率含量和相对于偏移参考频率的极性，其用作在室中迁移的粒子的电荷的极性的指示。 可以使用实时分析器或频率跟踪电路来将转换器输出信号分别转换为移动性直方图或平均移动性的精确测量。

公开(公告)号：US06858147B2

公开(公告)日：2005-02-22

申请号：US09928014

申请日：2001-08-03

Applicant: Andrei S. Dukhin ,  Stanislav Dukhin ,  Philip J. Goetz

Inventor： Andrei S. Dukhin ,  Stanislav Dukhin ,  Philip J. Goetz

IPC: B01D61/00 ,  B01D61/24 ,  B01J20/10 ,  C02F1/28 ,  C02F1/44 ,  B01D11/00

CPC classification number: B01D61/243 ,  B01D61/00 ,  B01J20/103 ,  C02F1/281 ,  C02F1/44 ,  C02F2101/006 ,  C02F2101/20

Abstract: The process of heavy metals removal from the waste water using silica dispersion without mixing silica dispersion with the waste water. This is achieved due to the membrane device where silica dispersion and waste water stream are separated by membrane with pore sizes smaller that size of the silica particles. The process is organized as counter-flow, which means that silica dispersion and waste water flow in the opposite directions. This provides the maximum utilization of the adsorption capacity corresponding to the adsorbent being in equilibrium with the high initial concentration of the contaminant in distinction from the low utilization when adsorbent works in equilibrium with the low output concentration. In the particular instance the membrane device comprises a lumen of a bundle of hollow fibers with silica dispersion flowing either inside or outside of the fibers and wastewater flowing on the opposite side of the fiber membrane. This process eliminates step of separating silica from the wastewater. It opens way to use colloidal silica as adsorbent with highly developed surface area. Continuous monitoring of the silica particles zeta potential yields information for preventing colloidal silica solidification within the device. Solidification of the colloidal silica afterwards solves problem of untreated residual discharge.

Abstract translation: 使用二氧化硅分散体从废水中除去重金属的过程，而不会与废水混合二氧化硅分散体。 这是通过膜装置实现的，其中二氧化硅分散体和废水流由具有小于二氧化硅颗粒尺寸的孔径的膜分离。 该过程组织为逆流，这意味着二氧化硅分散体和废水在相反的方向流动。 这提供了与吸附剂处于与污染物的高初始浓度平衡的吸附能力的最大利用率，当吸附剂与低输出浓度平衡时与低利用率区分开。 在具体情况下，膜装置包括一束中空纤维的内腔，其中在纤维的内部或外部流动的二氧化硅分散体和在纤维膜的相对侧上流动的废水。 该方法消除了从废水中分离二氧化硅的步骤。 它开辟了使用胶体二氧化硅作为具有高度发展的表面积的吸附剂。 二氧化硅颗粒ζ电位的连续监测产生用于防止胶体二氧化硅固化的信息。 胶体二氧化硅的固化后，解决了未经处理的残留放电问题。

公开(公告)号：US06487894B1

公开(公告)日：2002-12-03

申请号：US09640264

申请日：2000-08-17

Applicant: Andrei Dukhin ,  Philip J. Goetz

Inventor： Andrei Dukhin ,  Philip J. Goetz

IPC: G01N1506

CPC classification number: G01N29/036 ,  G01N15/02 ,  G01N2291/011 ,  G01N2291/0228 ,  G01N2291/02416

Abstract: A method is described which applies Acoustic Spectrometry to characterize both the particle size distribution and mechanical properties of the soft particles in concentrated dispersed systems. It is shown that compressibility of the soft particles can be calculated from the measured sound speed using well-known Wood expression. The value of the thermal expansion coefficient can be calculated from the measured attenuation spectra either for known particle size or together with particle size as adjustable parameter.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种应用声谱法来表征浓缩分散系统中软颗粒的粒度分布和机械性质的方法。 可以看出，使用众所周知的Wood表达式可以从测量的声速计算软颗粒的可压缩性。 热膨胀系数的值可以根据已知粒度的测量衰减光谱或与粒度一起作为可调参数计算。

公开(公告)号：US06449563B1

公开(公告)日：2002-09-10

申请号：US09416662

申请日：1999-10-12

Applicant: Andrei Dukhin ,  Philip J. Goetz

Inventor： Andrei Dukhin ,  Philip J. Goetz

IPC: G01N3076

CPC classification number: G01N29/4472 ,  G01N29/02 ,  G01N29/2468 ,  G01N2291/02416 ,  G01N2291/02827 ,  G01N2291/101

Abstract: A “coupled phase model” is used to characterize the motion induced by a sound wave of a particle relative to its dispersion medium. A Kuvabara cell model is used to describe the hydrodynamic effects, whereas a Shilov-Zharkikh cell model is used to characterize electrokinetic effects. A different approach for interpreting the experimental data is described in which the electroacoustic sensor is treated as a transmission line with various energy losses due to the reflection and sound attenuation. The experimental output is also expressed as a loss, namely the ratio of the Colloid Vibration Current to the gradient in the acoustic pressure, and is computed by subtracting all other known losses from the total loss of the electroacoustic sensor. These other energy losses can be either calculated or measured directly using reflected pulses.

Abstract translation: “耦合相位模型”用于表征由相对于其分散介质的粒子的声波引起的运动。 Kuvabara细胞模型用于描述流体动力学效应，而Shilov-Zharkikh细胞模型用于表征电动效应。 描述了用于解释实验数据的不同方法，其中由于反射和声音衰减，电声传感器被处理为具有各种能量损失的传输线。 实验输出也表示为损耗，即胶体振动电流与声压梯度的比值，并且通过从电声传感器的总损耗中减去所有其他已知损失来计算。 这些其他能量损失可以使用反射脉冲直接计算或测量。

公开(公告)号：US06910367B1

公开(公告)日：2005-06-28

申请号：US09693052

申请日：2000-10-23

Applicant: Andrei Dukhin ,  Philip J. Goetz

Inventor： Andrei Dukhin ,  Philip J. Goetz

IPC: G01N3/00 ,  G01N5/02 ,  G01N15/02 ,  G01N29/11 ,  G01N29/46

CPC classification number: G01N15/02 ,  G01N29/11 ,  G01N29/46 ,  G01N2203/0094 ,  G01N2291/02416 ,  G01N2291/02827 ,  G01N2291/0422

Abstract: A method is described which applies Acoustic Spectrometry to characterize both the particle size distribution and micro-rheological properties of the structured concentrated dispersions. It suggests to model the structured dispersion as a collection of the spherical particles which are connected together with flexible strings. Oscillation of these strings creates an additional energy dissipation which contributes to the total attenuation. This dissipation is dependent on the second virial coefficient characterizing the flexibility of the strings. It is shown that the value of the second virial coefficient can be calculated from the measured attenuation spectra either for known particle size or together with particle size as adjustable parameter.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种应用声谱法来表征结构化浓缩分散体的粒度分布和微流变性质的方法。 它建议将结构化分散体模型化为与柔性连接在一起的球形颗粒的集合。 这些弦的振荡产生额外的能量耗散，这有助于总衰减。 这种耗散取决于表征弦的柔性的第二维里系数。 显示第二维里系数的值可以从测量的衰减光谱计算，或者对于已知的粒度或与粒度一起作为可调参数来计算。

公开(公告)号：US4907453A

公开(公告)日：1990-03-13

申请号：US298822

申请日：1989-01-18

Applicant: Bruce J. Marlow ,  Tonis Oja ,  Philip J. Goetz

Inventor： Bruce J. Marlow ,  Tonis Oja ,  Philip J. Goetz

IPC: G01N27/403 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N29/22 ,  G01N29/32 ,  G01N29/44

CPC classification number: G01N29/4436 ,  G01N29/024 ,  G01N29/22 ,  G01N29/326 ,  G01N2291/012 ,  G01N2291/02416

Abstract: A colloid analyzer is provided employing a relatively low frequency, low power, continuous "acoustic" wave signal propagated in the direction of spaced electrodes mounted adjacent to the side wall of a chamber or vessel containing a colloid sample. The chamber further comprises a series of probes for respectively sensing the pH, temperature, and conductivity of the sample(s) being analyzed. A piezoelectric transmitter generates the acoustic drive signal. The spaced electrodes in conjunction with an electronic signal processing circuit serves as a receiver and generates an output signal relating to the magnitude and polarity of the zeta potential of the particles being "acoustically" excited by the drive signal. A computer responsive to the signal processing circuit's output signals and/or the vessel probes' output signals alternately develop a graphical output relating to zeta potential, and/or one relating to the surface charge density of the analyzed colloid for given levels of titration. Optional apparatus is provided responsive to the output of the signal processing circuit for measuring the degree of flocculation of the colloid sample in the vessel.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种使用相对低频，低功率，连续的“声”波信号的胶体分析仪，其沿与邻近包含胶体样品的室或容器的侧壁相邻安装的间隔电极的方向传播。 腔室还包括一系列探针，用于分别检测被分析的样品的pH，温度和电导率。 压电变送器产生声驱动信号。 与电子信号处理电路结合的间隔开的电极用作接收器，并且产生与由驱动信号“声学地”激发的颗粒的ζ电位的大小和极性有关的输出信号。 响应于信号处理电路的输出信号和/或容器探针的输出信号的计算机交替地产生与ζ电位相关的图形输出和/或与给定滴定水平的分析胶体的表面电荷密度相关的图形输出。 响应于信号处理电路的输出提供可选装置，用于测量容器中胶体样品的絮凝程度。

公开(公告)号：US4239612A

公开(公告)日：1980-12-16

申请号：US16181

申请日：1979-02-28

Applicant: Philip J. Goetz

Inventor： Philip J. Goetz

IPC: G01N27/447 ,  G01N27/26 ,  G01N27/28 ,  G01N27/30

CPC classification number: G01N27/44721 ,  G01N27/447

Abstract: A light source illuminates particles migrating in an electrophoresis chamber under the influence of a reversing polarity electric field applied between a pair of spaced electrodes which are in the form of thin conductive layers deposited on opposed end portions of the chamber. The light reflected from the particles migrating along the stationary layer of the chamber is imaged onto a circumferentially arranged grating on a transparent rotating disk and modulated thereby. The modulated reflected particle light image is then applied to a photomultiplier tube which in response produces a spectral output signal which is subsequently applied to a frequency translating circuit where it is heterodyned down to the zero frequency region and offset relative to a reference frequency such that the heterodyned signal has a frequency content which is related to mean mobility and a polarity with respect to the offset reference frequency which serves as an indication of the polarity of the charge of the particles migrating in the chamber. A Real Time Analyzer or a frequency tracking circuit may be employed to convert the translator output signal to a mobility histogram or to an accurate measurement of mean mobility, respectively.

Abstract translation: 光源照射在电泳室内迁移的颗粒，该反应极性电场施加在沉积在室的相对端部上的薄导电层形式的一对间隔电极之间的反向极性电场的影响。 从沿着室的静止层迁移的颗粒反射的光被成像到透明旋转盘上的周向布置的光栅上并由其调制。 然后将经调制的反射粒子光图像应用于光电倍增管，该光电倍增管响应产生频谱输出信号，随后将其输入到频率转换电路，其中它被外差下降到零频率区域并相对于参考频率偏移，使得 外差信号具有与平均移动性相关的频率含量和相对于偏移参考频率的极性，其用作在室中迁移的粒子的电荷的极性的指示。 可以使用实时分析器或频率跟踪电路来将转换器输出信号分别转换为移动性直方图或平均移动性的精确测量。

公开(公告)号：US08281662B2

公开(公告)日：2012-10-09

申请号：US12587877

申请日：2009-10-15

Applicant: Andrei Dukhin ,  Philip J. Goetz ,  Matthias Thommes

Inventor： Andrei Dukhin ,  Philip J. Goetz ,  Matthias Thommes

IPC: G01H3/00

CPC classification number: G01V3/082

Abstract: Propagation of ultrasound through a porous body saturated with liquid generates electric response. This electro-acoustic effect is called “seismoelectric current”, whereas reverse version, when electric field is driving force, is “electroseismic current”. It is possible to measure seismoelectric current with existing electro-acoustic devices, which had been designed for characterizing liquid dispersions. Such versatility allows calibration of said devise using dispersion and then applying it for characterizing porous body. In general, magnitude of seismoelectric current depends on porosity, pore size, zeta potential of pore surfaces and elastic properties of matrix. It is possible to adjust conductivity of liquid for simplifying these dependences. For instance, liquid with high ionic strength causes double layers become thin comparing to the pore size, which eliminates dependence of said currents on pore size. We suggest using such case for characterizing porosity. Magnitude of the said currents is proportional to zeta potential. This parameter can be calculated when porosity is known. In contrary, saturation of porous body with low conducting liquid leads to complete overlap of double layers, which can be used for characterizing pore size. Phase of the said currents can be used for determining iso-electric point because it rotates 180 degrees when liquid composition varies through this point.

Abstract translation: 通过饱和液体的多孔体传播超声波产生电响应。 这种电声效应被称为地震电流，而当电场是驱动力时的反电动势是电震电流。 可以利用已经设计用于表征液体分散体的现有电声装置来测量地震电流。 这种通用性允许使用分散体校准所述设备，然后将其应用于表征多孔体。 一般来说，地震电流的大小取决于孔隙率，孔径，孔表面的ζ电位和基体的弹性特性。 为了简化这些依赖性，可以调节液体的电导率。 例如，具有高离子强度的液体导致与孔径相比双层变薄，这消除了所述电流对孔径的依赖性。 我们建议使用这种情况来表征孔隙度。 所述电流的大小与ζ电位成比例。 当孔隙度已知时，可以计算该参数。 相反，具有低导电液体的多孔体的饱和导致双层完全重叠，这可用于表征孔径。 所述电流的相位可以用于确定等电点，因为当液体组成在此点上变化时，其旋转180度。