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17 条记录 (耗时 0.018 秒)

    Copolymerizable fluorinated compounds, a process for their preparation and thermoplastic fluoropolymers obtainable therefrom
    2.
    发明授权
    Copolymerizable fluorinated compounds, a process for their preparation and thermoplastic fluoropolymers obtainable therefrom 失效
    可共聚氟化化合物，其制备方法和可从其获得的热塑性含氟聚合物

    公开(公告)号：US5399645A

    公开(公告)日：1995-03-21

    申请号：US246525

    申请日：1994-05-20

    申请人： Ralf Kruger ,  Michael Negele ,  Albrecht Marhold

    发明人： Ralf Kruger ,  Michael Negele ,  Albrecht Marhold

    IPC分类号： C07C41/18 ,  C07C43/17 ,  C07C43/192 ,  C08F16/32 ,  C08F16/24

    CPC分类号： C07C43/17 ,  C07C43/192 ,  C08F16/32 ,  C07C2101/04 ,  C07C2101/06

    摘要： A 2-allyl-perfluoroalkyl-trifluorovinyl ether of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1.sub.F and R.sup.2.sub.F represent either --CF.sub.3 or, together, (CF.sub.2).sub.n where n=2 or 3,is produced bya) reacting hexafluoropropene oxide with a 2-allyl-substituted perfluorocycloketone or perfluoroketone,b) subjecting the resulting 2-(allylperfluorocycloalkoxy)- or 2-(allylperfluyoro-alkoxy)-perfluoropropanoic acid fluoride to alkaline saponification thereby to form the corresponding sodium salt,c) and decarboxylating the sodium salt at about 150.degree.-350.degree. C.Polymers thereof produce amorphous, transparent coatings or molded items with glass transition temperatures between 60.degree. and 150.degree. C. and have good solubility characteristics in a number of organic solvents.

    摘要翻译： 式（Ⅰ）的2-烯丙基 - 全氟烷基 - 三氟乙烯基醚，其中R1F和R2F代表-CF3或共同（= CF2）n，其中n = 2或3，通过以下方法制备：a）使六氟丙烯氧化物与 2-烯丙基取代的全氟环丙酮或全氟酮，b）将所得的2-（烯丙基全氟环烷氧基）或2-（烯丙基全氟烷氧基） - 全氟丙酸​​氟化物进行碱性皂化从而形成相应的钠盐，c）和使钠脱羧 盐在约150°-350℃下进行。其聚合物产生玻璃化转变温度在60℃至150℃之间的无定形的透明涂层或模制品，并且在许多有机溶剂中具有良好的溶解性。

    Ergotube and inverted microscope having an ergotube
    5.
    发明申请
    Ergotube and inverted microscope having an ergotube 审中-公开
    具有ergotube的Ergotube和倒置显微镜

    公开(公告)号：US20060012861A1

    公开(公告)日：2006-01-19

    申请号：US11181451

    申请日：2005-07-14

    申请人： Peter Euteneuer ,  Ralf Kruger

    发明人： Peter Euteneuer ,  Ralf Kruger

    IPC分类号： G02B21/00 ,  G02B21/20

    CPC分类号： G02B21/20 ,  G02B21/0088 ,  G02B21/24

    摘要： An inverted microscope (1) equipped with an ergotube (9) is disclosed. The ergotube (9) substantially comprises an eyepiece (9a) and a tube housing (9b). The microscope beam path (30) defined by the inverted microscope (1) is of U-shaped configuration. The U-shaped microscope beam path (30) is deflected into the eyepiece (9a) by a single deflection element (74) that is embodied as a pivotable mirror.

    摘要翻译： 公开了配备有麦角（9）的倒置显微镜（1）。 麦克风（9）基本上包括目镜（9a）和管壳（9b）。 由倒置显微镜（1）限定的显微镜光路（30）为U形。 U型显微镜光束路径（30）通过体现为可枢转镜的单个偏转元件（74）偏转到目镜（9a）中。

    POLARIZATION INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE
    6.
    发明申请
    POLARIZATION INTERFERENCE MICROSCOPE 失效
    偏振干涉微观

    公开(公告)号：US20070247635A1

    公开(公告)日：2007-10-25

    申请号：US11733466

    申请日：2007-04-10

    申请人： Ralf Kruger ,  Christian Schulz

    发明人： Ralf Kruger ,  Christian Schulz

    IPC分类号： G01B9/02

    CPC分类号： G02B21/18

    摘要： The present invention relates to a polarization interference microscope (1) for imaging objects (5). The polarization interference microscope (1) comprises a light source (2), an illumination beam path (6), an imaging beam path (7) and an objective (4). The illumination beam path (6) extends from the light source (2) to the object (5). The imaging beam path (7) extends from the object (5) to a detector or a tube (3). At least one polarization means (9) is provided in the illumination beam path (6) and/or in the imaging beam path (7), by which at least one polarization means the light of the respective beam path (6, 7) can be converted into a predeterminable polarization state. An analyzer means (10) is provided in the imaging beam path (7). A birefringent component is provided between the polarization means (9) and the analyzer means (10), by which birefringent component the light polarized by the polarization means (9) can be divided into two partial beams (13, 14) having different polarization directions. The component can produce a splitting between the two partial beams (13, 14). The present invention furthermore relates to a retrofit kit for a conventional microscope and for a conventional polarization interference microscope, respectively, and a method for imaging objects. In order to enable variable contrasting of the interference contrast, the polarization interference microscope (1) according to the invention is characterized by the fact that the component has a liquid crystal element (11, 21, 23) formed in such a way that the value of the splitting between the two partial beams (13, 14) is settable in a variable manner thereby.

    摘要翻译： 本发明涉及用于成像物体（5）的偏振干涉显微镜（1）。 偏振干涉显微镜（1）包括光源（2），照明光束路径（6），成像光束路径（7）和物镜（4）。 照明光束路径（6）从光源（2）延伸到物体（5）。 成像光束路径（7）从物体（5）延伸到检测器或管（3）。 至少一个偏振装置（9）设置在照明光束路径（6）和/或成像光束路径（7）中，通过该至少一个偏振装置，至少一个偏振部分意味着相应光束路径（6,7）的光可以 被转换为可预定的偏振状态。 分析仪装置（10）设置在成像光束路径（7）中。 在偏振装置（9）和分析装置（10）之间设置有双折射分量，由偏振装置（9）偏振的光可被双折射分量分成具有不同偏振方向的两个部分光束（13,14） 。 该部件可以在两个部分光束（13,14）之间产生分裂。 本发明还涉及分别用于常规显微镜和常规偏振干涉显微镜的改进套件以及用于成像对象的方法。 为了实现干涉对比度的可变对比度，根据本发明的偏振干涉显微镜（1）的特征在于，该部件具有如下的事实：该液晶元件（11,21,23）以如下方式形成： 两个部分光束（13,14）之间的分割可由可变方式设定。

    Preparation and use of reactive and processable fluoropolymers
    7.
    发明授权
    Preparation and use of reactive and processable fluoropolymers 失效
    反应性和可加工的含氟聚合物的制备和使用

    公开(公告)号：US5698635A

    公开(公告)日：1997-12-16

    申请号：US554324

    申请日：1995-11-02

    申请人： Ralf Kruger ,  David Harrison ,  Dieter Wrobel

    发明人： Ralf Kruger ,  David Harrison ,  Dieter Wrobel

    IPC分类号： C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/50 ,  C08F259/00 ,  C08F271/02

    CPC分类号： C08F8/00 ,  C08F8/30 ,  C08F2800/20 ,  C08F2810/20 ,  C08F2810/30

    摘要： A reactive and processable fluoropolymer, obtainable by mechanical shearing of a fluoropolymer A) comprising polymerized monomer units of at least one fluorinated, optionally substituted, alkene with 2 to 8 carbon atoms and optionally at least one member selected from the group consisting of a perfluorinated vinyl ether, non-fluorinated olefin and non-fluorinated vinyl ester, and 0.3 to 7% of a compound B) which possesses a double bond (I) capable of adding to polymeric radical fragments and a II-electron system which is either conjugated with double bond (I) or has readily transferrable hydrogen atoms in the allyl or benzyl position and optionally further double bonds or reactive groups and optionally further auxiliary agents (C). The fluoropolymer is especially useful in radical addition or nucleophilic or electrophilic substitution or addition, e.g. cross-linking or grafting.

    摘要翻译： 可通过机械剪切含氟聚合物A）获得的反应性和可加工的含氟聚合物包含至少一种具有2至8个碳原子的氟化，任选取代的烯烃的聚合单体单元和任选的至少一种选自全氟化乙烯基 醚，非氟化烯烃和非氟化乙烯基酯，以及0.3-7％的具有能够加入到聚合物基团碎片中的双键（I）的化合物B）和与双键结合的II-电子体系 键（I）或在烯丙基或苄基位置具有易于转移的氢原子，以及任选的另外的双键或反应性基团以及任选的其它助剂（C）。 氟聚合物特别可用于自由基加成或亲核或亲电取代或加成，例如 交联或接枝。

    Thermoplastic fluoroelastomers produced by graft copolymerization
    8.
    发明授权
    Thermoplastic fluoroelastomers produced by graft copolymerization 失效
    通过接枝共聚制备的热塑性含氟弹性体

    公开(公告)号：US5447994A

    公开(公告)日：1995-09-05

    申请号：US300619

    申请日：1994-09-02

    申请人： Ralf Kruger ,  David B. Harrison ,  Leo Morbitzer

    发明人： Ralf Kruger ,  David B. Harrison ,  Leo Morbitzer

    IPC分类号： C08F259/00 ,  C08F259/08

    CPC分类号： C08F259/08

    摘要： Thermoplastic fluoroelastomer graft polymers formed from a fluorine-containing graft polymer formed from a rubber like (Tg

    摘要翻译： 由由（Tg <0℃）的橡胶形成的含氟接枝聚合物形成的热塑性含氟弹性体接枝聚合物，含有双键的未交联的含氟共聚物作为接枝基，接枝有含氟单体， 至少部分结晶聚合物由橡胶状未交联共聚物通过在约-15℃至+ 120℃的高压下在溶液，悬浮液或乳液中自由基聚合制备，并在其上接枝形成至少部分结晶的单体 通过自由基溶液，悬浮液或乳液接枝聚合在约-15至+ 120℃的高压下聚合接枝到橡胶状共聚物上。