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    Computer system for statistical multiplexing of bitstreams
    1.
    发明授权
    Computer system for statistical multiplexing of bitstreams 有权
    用于比特流统计复用的计算机系统

    公开(公告)号：US06754241B1

    公开(公告)日：2004-06-22

    申请号：US09478128

    申请日：2000-01-05

    申请人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman ,  Xiaobing Lee ,  Tihao Chiang

    发明人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman ,  Xiaobing Lee ,  Tihao Chiang

    IPC分类号： H04J302

    CPC分类号： H04N21/23655 ,  H04N19/115 ,  H04N19/14 ,  H04N19/15 ,  H04N19/152 ,  H04N19/159 ,  H04N19/172 ,  H04N19/177 ,  H04N19/179 ,  H04N19/42 ,  H04N19/61 ,  H04N21/2365 ,  H04N21/238 ,  H04N21/4347

    摘要： A PC-type computer has a system bus (e.g., a PCI bus) configured with a main CPU board, a statistical multiplexing (stat-mux) board, and a plurality of video/audio encoder boards, each configured to receive and compress a corresponding video/audio stream. The stat-mux board performs statistical multiplexing on the different compressed bitstreams to transmit multiple bitstreams over individual shared communication channels. Although each of the boards is configured to the system bus, each encoder board has a digital signal processor (DSP) with a synchronized serial interface (SSI) output port that is directly connected to an SSI input port on a DSP on the stat-mux board (which, in one embodiment, has four such DSPs each with six such SSI input ports). As such, (up to 24) compressed video/audio bitstreams generated on the various encoder boards can be transmitted directly to the stat-mux board without having to go through the system bus. In this way, the computer system can provide statistical multiplexing of low-latency video/audio bitstreams without having to suffer the processing delays associated with conventional transmission over PCI system buses.

    摘要翻译： PC型计算机具有配置有主CPU板，统计复用（stat-mux）板和多个视频/音频编码器板的系统总线（例如，PCI总线），每个配置用于接收和压缩 相应的视频/音频流。 统计复用板对不同的压缩比特流执行统计复用，以在各个共享通信信道上传输多个比特流。 虽然每个板都配置为系统总线，但每个编码器板都有一个数字信号处理器（DSP），具有同步的串行接口（SSI）输出端口，它直接连接到数模转换器上的DSP上的SSI输入端口 板（在一个实施例中，具有四个这样的DSP，每个具有六个这样的SSI输入端口）。 因此，在各种编码器板上生成的（多达24个）压缩视频/音频比特流可以直接发送到统一复用板，而不必通过系统总线。 以这种方式，计算机系统可以提供低延迟视频/音频比特流的统计复用，而不必忍受与PCI系统总线上的常规传输相关联的处理延迟。

    Latency-based statistical multiplexing
    2.
    发明授权
    Latency-based statistical multiplexing 失效
    基于延迟的统计复用

    公开(公告)号：US06665872B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-12-16

    申请号：US09478127

    申请日：2000-01-05

    申请人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman ,  Xiaobing Lee ,  Tihao Chiang

    发明人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman ,  Xiaobing Lee ,  Tihao Chiang

    IPC分类号： H04J316

    CPC分类号： H04N21/2365 ,  H04N19/115 ,  H04N19/124 ,  H04N19/14 ,  H04N19/149 ,  H04N19/15 ,  H04N19/152 ,  H04N19/159 ,  H04N19/172 ,  H04N19/177 ,  H04N19/179 ,  H04N19/42 ,  H04N19/61 ,  H04N21/23655 ,  H04N21/238 ,  H04N21/4347

    摘要： When two or more different video streams a e compressed for concurrent transmission of multiple compressed video bitstreams over a single shared communication channel, control over both (1) the transmission of data over the shared channel and (2) the compression processing that generates the bitstreams is exercised taking into account the differing levels of latency required for the corresponding video applications. For example, interactive video games typically require lower latency than other video applications such as video streaming, web browsing, and electronic mail. A multiplexer and traffic controller takes these differing latency requirements, along with bandwidth and image fidelity requirements, into account when controlling both traffic flow and compression processing. In addition, an off-line profiling tool analyzes typical video applications off-line in order to generate profiles of different types of video applications that are then accessed in real-time by a call admission manager responsible to controlling the admission of new video application sessions as well as the assignment of admitted applications to specific available video encoders, which themselves may differ in video compression processing power as well as in the degree to which they allow external processors (like the multiplexer and traffic controller) to control their internal compression processing.

    摘要翻译： 当两个或多个不同的视频流被压缩以通过单个共享通信信道同时传输多个压缩视频比特流时，可以对共享信道上的数据传输进行控制（2）产生比特流的压缩处理是 考虑到相应视频应用程序所需的等待时间不同的行为。 例如，交互式视频游戏通常比其他视频应用（例如视频流，网页浏览和电子邮件）需要更低的延迟。 多路复用器和流量控制器在控制流量和压缩处理两者时考虑到这些不同的延迟要求以及带宽和图像保真度要求。 此外，离线分析工具可以离线分析典型的视频应用程序，以便生成不同类型的视频应用程序的配置文件，然后由负责控制新视频应用程序会话的呼叫接纳管理员实时访问 以及将允许的应用分配给特定可用的视频编码器，它们本身可能在视频压缩处理能力方面可能不同，以及允许外部处理器（如多路复用器和流量控制器）控制其内部压缩处理的程度。

    Apparatus and method for performing scalable hierarchical motion estimation
    5.
    发明授权
    Apparatus and method for performing scalable hierarchical motion estimation 失效
    用于执行可分级运动估计的装置和方法

    公开(公告)号：US06208692B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-03-27

    申请号：US09106706

    申请日：1998-06-29

    申请人： Xudong Song ,  Tihao Chiang ,  Ya-Qin Zhang ,  Ravi Krishnamurthy

    发明人： Xudong Song ,  Tihao Chiang ,  Ya-Qin Zhang ,  Ravi Krishnamurthy

    IPC分类号： H04N718

    CPC分类号： H04N19/53 ,  H04N19/56 ,  H04N19/63

    摘要： An apparatus and a concomitant method for performing hierarchial block-based motion estimation with a high degree of scalability is disclosed. The present invention decomposes each of the image frames within an image sequence into an M-ary pyramid. Different dynamic ranges for representing the pixel values are used for different levels of the M-ary pyramid, thereby generating a plurality of different “P-bit” levels, i.e., a plurality of different M-ary pyramid architectures. The present scalable hierarchical motion estimation provides the flexibility of switching from one M-ary pyramid architecture to another M-ary pyramid architecture according to the available platform resources and/or user's choice.

    摘要翻译： 公开了一种用于以高度可扩展性执行基于层次的基于块的运动估计的装置和并发方法。 本发明将图像序列中的每个图像帧分解成M字节金字塔。 用于表示像素值的不同动态范围用于不同级别的金字塔，从而产生多个不同的“P位”电平，即，多个不同的M元金字塔架构。 本发明的可分级运动估计提供了根据可用平台资源和/或用户的选择从一个M元金字塔架构切换到另一个M元金字塔架构的灵活性。

    Treating non-zero quantized transform coefficients as zeros during video compression processing
    8.
    发明授权
    Treating non-zero quantized transform coefficients as zeros during video compression processing 失效
    在视频压缩处理期间将非零量化变换系数作为零进行处理

    公开(公告)号：US06263021B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-07-17

    申请号：US09262042

    申请日：1999-03-04

    申请人： Sriram Sethuraman ,  Ravi Krishnamurthy

    发明人： Sriram Sethuraman ,  Ravi Krishnamurthy

    IPC分类号： H04N712

    CPC分类号： H04N19/69 ,  G06T9/005 ,  H04N19/107 ,  H04N19/126 ,  H04N19/132 ,  H04N19/149 ,  H04N19/15 ,  H04N19/152 ,  H04N19/154 ,  H04N19/162 ,  H04N19/17 ,  H04N19/176 ,  H04N19/192 ,  H04N19/196 ,  H04N19/198 ,  H04N19/30 ,  H04N19/503 ,  H04N19/523 ,  H04N19/587 ,  H04N19/60 ,  H04N19/61 ,  H04N19/66 ,  H04N19/68 ,  H04N19/895

    摘要： During video coding, a transform such as a discrete cosine transform (DCT) is applied to blocks of image data (e.g., motion-compensated interframe pixel differences) and the resulting transform coefficients for each block are quantized at a specified quantization level. Notwithstanding the fact that some coefficients are quantized to non-zero values, at least one non-zero quantized coefficient is treated as if it had a value of zero for purposes of further processing (e.g., run-length encoding (RLE) the quantized data). When segmentation analysis is performed to identify two or more different regions of interest in each frame, the number of coefficients that are treated as having a value of zero for RLE is different for different regions of interest (e.g., more coefficients for less-important regions). In this way, the number of bits used to encode image data are reduced to satisfy bit rate requirements without (1) having to drop frames adaptively, while (2) conforming to constraints that may be imposed on the magnitude of change in quantization level from frame to frame.

    摘要翻译： 在视频编码期间，将诸如离散余弦变换（DCT）的变换应用于图像数据块（例如，运动补偿帧间像素差异），并且以指定的量化级量对每个块的所得到的变换系数进行量化。 尽管有些系数被量化为非零值，但是为了进一步处理（例如，游程长度编码（RLE））量化数据，至少一个非零量化系数被视为具有零值 ）。 当执行分割分析以识别每个帧中的两个或更多个不同的感兴趣区域时，针对不同的感兴趣区域被视为具有值为零的RLE的系数的数量是不同的（例如，对于不太重要的区域，更多的系数 ）。 以这种方式，减少用于对图像数据进行编码的位数，以满足比特率要求，而不需要（1）必须自适应丢帧，而（2）符合可能对​​量化级别的变化幅度施加的约束 帧到帧

    Region-based refresh strategy for video compression
    10.
    发明授权
    Region-based refresh strategy for video compression 失效
    基于区域的视频压缩刷新策略

    公开(公告)号：US06304295B1

    公开(公告)日：2001-10-16

    申请号：US09227520

    申请日：1999-01-08

    申请人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman

    发明人： Ravi Krishnamurthy ,  Sriram Sethuraman

    IPC分类号： H04N712

    CPC分类号： H04N19/69 ,  H04N19/107 ,  H04N19/126 ,  H04N19/132 ,  H04N19/149 ,  H04N19/15 ,  H04N19/152 ,  H04N19/154 ,  H04N19/162 ,  H04N19/17 ,  H04N19/176 ,  H04N19/192 ,  H04N19/196 ,  H04N19/198 ,  H04N19/30 ,  H04N19/503 ,  H04N19/523 ,  H04N19/587 ,  H04N19/60 ,  H04N19/61 ,  H04N19/65 ,  H04N19/66 ,  H04N19/68 ,  H04N19/895

    摘要： Frames in a video sequence are divided into two or more regions and a specified number of macroblocks are selected in each region for intra-coding. Depending on the particular implementation, for one or more of the regions, the intra-macroblocks are selected randomly, while at least one other region is dividing into a specified number of slices with the least-recently intra-coded macroblock in each slice selected for intra-coding. When an error is detected at the decoder, the decoder discards data in the corresponding packet and applies a concealment strategy that involves using motion-compensated data if the motion vectors were accurately decoded; otherwise, using non-motion-compensated reference data for the macroblocks affected by the discarding of data. The refresh strategy of the present invention can be used to provide the resulting encoded bitstream with resilience to transmission errors, while maintaining an acceptable degree of video compression.

    摘要翻译： 视频序列中的帧被划分为两个或更多个区域，并且在每个区域中选择指定数量的宏块用于帧内编码。 根据具体的实施方案，对于一个或多个区域，宏块内随机选择，而至少一个其它区域被划分成指定数量的片，每个切片中的最近最近帧内编码的宏块被选择用于 帧内编码。 当在解码器处检测到错误时，解码器丢弃相应分组中的数据，并且如果运动矢量被精确解码，则应用涉及使用运动补偿数据的隐藏策略; 否则，对丢弃数据影响的宏块使用非运动补偿参考数据。 本发明的刷新策略可以用于在维持可接受的视频压缩程度的同时提供所得到的编码比特流对传输错误的弹性。