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    Electromagnetic sensor incorporating quantum confinement structures
    1.
    发明授权
    Electromagnetic sensor incorporating quantum confinement structures 失效
    结合量子限制结构的电磁传感器

    公开(公告)号：US07601946B2

    公开(公告)日：2009-10-13

    申请号：US11854300

    申请日：2007-09-12

    申请人： Richard M. Powers ,  Wil McCarthy ,  Paul Ciszek

    发明人： Richard M. Powers ,  Wil McCarthy ,  Paul Ciszek

    IPC分类号： H01J40/14

    CPC分类号： H01L31/02162 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  H01L31/02325

    摘要： A multispectral optical sensor incorporating quantum confinement devices is composed of a solid-state tunable filter, an optional lens, and a photodetector or plurality of photodetectors. The tunable filter is multilayered composite film of semiconducting materials, which includes a quantum well or other quantum confinement structure and barrier materials to ensure the proper confinement of charge carriers within the quantum well. The tunable filter is capable of acting as a long-pass filter. The approximate cut-on wavelength is established through selection of a well material with a bandgap near the desired energy, and barrier materials with a higher bandgap. For a given reference temperature the exact cut-on wavelength may be fixed through careful selection of the dimensions of the quantum confinement structures, whose quantum confinement energy is added to the bandgap energy to yield the cut-on energy. The operational cut-on wavelength at any given moment may be controlled through variation of the temperature of the tunable filter using onboard or external thermal control hardware and through control of an electric field applied across the filter.

    摘要翻译： 包含量子限制装置的多光谱光学传感器由固态可调谐滤波器，可选透镜和光电检测器或多个光电检测器组成。 可调滤波器是半导体材料的多层复合膜，其包括量子阱或其他量子限制结构和阻挡材料，以确保量子阱内电荷载体的适当限制。 可调滤波器可以作为长通滤波器。 通过选择具有接近所需能量的带隙的阱材料和具有较高带隙的阻挡材料来建立近似的接通波长。 对于给定的参考温度，精确的切入波长可以通过仔细选择量子限制结构的尺寸来固定，量子限制结构的量子限制能量被加到带隙能量上以产生切断能量。 任何给定时刻的操作切入波长可以通过使用板上或外部热控制硬件改变可调谐滤波器的温度并通过控制跨滤波器施加的电场来控制。

    ELECTROMAGNETIC SENSOR INCORPORATING QUANTUM CONFINEMENT STRUCTURES
    2.
    发明申请
    ELECTROMAGNETIC SENSOR INCORPORATING QUANTUM CONFINEMENT STRUCTURES 失效
    电磁传感器包含量子限制结构

    公开(公告)号：US20080061222A1

    公开(公告)日：2008-03-13

    申请号：US11854300

    申请日：2007-09-12

    申请人： Richard M. Powers ,  Wil McCarthy ,  Paul Ciszek

    发明人： Richard M. Powers ,  Wil McCarthy ,  Paul Ciszek

    IPC分类号： H01L31/0232

    CPC分类号： H01L31/02162 ,  B82Y15/00 ,  H01L31/02325

    摘要： A multispectral optical sensor incorporating quantum confinement devices is composed of a solid-state tunable filter, an optional lens, and a photodetector or plurality of photodetectors. The tunable filter is multilayered composite film of semiconducting materials, which includes a quantum well or other quantum confinement structure and barrier materials to ensure the proper confinement of charge carriers within the quantum well. The tunable filter is capable of acting as a long-pass filter. The approximate cut-on wavelength is established through selection of a well material with a bandgap near the desired energy, and barrier materials with a higher bandgap. For a given reference temperature the exact cut-on wavelength may be fixed through careful selection of the dimensions of the quantum confinement structures, whose quantum confinement energy is added to the bandgap energy to yield the cut-on energy. The operational cut-on wavelength at any given moment may be controlled through variation of the temperature of the tunable filter using onboard or external thermal control hardware and through control of an electric field applied across the filter.

    摘要翻译： 包含量子限制装置的多光谱光学传感器由固态可调谐滤波器，可选透镜和光电检测器或多个光电检测器组成。 可调滤波器是半导体材料的多层复合膜，其包括量子阱或其他量子限制结构和阻挡材料，以确保量子阱内电荷载体的适当限制。 可调滤波器可以作为长通滤波器。 通过选择具有接近所需能量的带隙的阱材料和具有较高带隙的阻挡材料来建立近似的接通波长。 对于给定的参考温度，准确的切入波长可以通过仔细选择量子限制结构的尺寸来固定，量子限制结构的量子限制能量被加到带隙能量上以产生切断能量。 任何给定时刻的操作切入波长可以通过使用板上或外部热控制硬件改变可调谐滤波器的温度并通过控制跨滤波器施加的电场来控制。

    Low-emissivity window films and coatings incorporating nanoscale wire grids
    3.
    发明授权
    Low-emissivity window films and coatings incorporating nanoscale wire grids 有权
    低辐射窗膜和纳米级线栅的涂层

    公开(公告)号：US08908267B2

    公开(公告)日：2014-12-09

    申请号：US12234383

    申请日：2008-09-19

    申请人： Wil McCarthy ,  Paul Ciszek ,  Richard M. Powers

    发明人： Wil McCarthy ,  Paul Ciszek ,  Richard M. Powers

    IPC分类号： G02B5/30 ,  G02B5/18 ,  G02B5/20

    CPC分类号： G02B5/1866 ,  G02B5/1861 ,  G02B5/208 ,  G02B5/3058 ,  Y10T428/24802 ,  Y10T428/24917

    摘要： A high-transparency, low-emissivity window film or coating is designed to maximize so-called greenhouse heating. This effect is achieved through the use of conductive grids and/or gratings whose width and spacing has been selected such that the grid appears as a uniform conductive film to long-wavelength infrared (blackbody) radiation. The conductive grid film reflects the blackbody radiation strongly, and such that the grid appears highly transparent to visible and near-infrared light, and therefore transmits it.

    摘要翻译： 设计了高透明度，低辐射窗膜或涂层，以最大化所谓的温室加热。 通过使用其宽度和间距被选择为使得栅格以长波长的红外（黑体）辐射的均匀导电膜的形式出现的导电栅格和/或栅格来实现。 导电栅格膜强烈地反映黑体辐射，并且使得栅格对可见光和近红外光呈现高透明度，因此透射。

    LOW-EMISSIVITY WINDOW FILMS AND COATINGS INCORPORATING NANOSCALE WIRE GRIDS
    4.
    发明申请
    LOW-EMISSIVITY WINDOW FILMS AND COATINGS INCORPORATING NANOSCALE WIRE GRIDS 有权
    低功率窗口薄膜和涂层纳米纳米线

    公开(公告)号：US20090128893A1

    公开(公告)日：2009-05-21

    申请号：US12234383

    申请日：2008-09-19

    申请人： Wil McCarthy ,  Paul Ciszek ,  Richard M. Powers

    发明人： Wil McCarthy ,  Paul Ciszek ,  Richard M. Powers

    IPC分类号： G02B5/26 ,  B32B3/10 ,  B32B15/00 ,  G02B5/30

    CPC分类号： G02B5/1866 ,  G02B5/1861 ,  G02B5/208 ,  G02B5/3058 ,  Y10T428/24802 ,  Y10T428/24917

    摘要： A high-transparency, low-emissivity window film or coating is designed to maximize so-called greenhouse heating. This effect is achieved through the use of conductive grids and/or gratings whose width and spacing has been selected such that the grid appears as a uniform conductive film to long-wavelength infrared (blackbody) radiation. The conductive grid film reflects the blackbody radiation strongly, and such that the grid appears highly transparent to visible and near-infrared light, and therefore transmits it.

    摘要翻译： 设计了高透明度，低辐射窗膜或涂层，以最大化所谓的温室加热。 通过使用其宽度和间距被选择为使得栅格以长波长的红外（黑体）辐射的均匀导电膜的形式出现的导电栅格和/或栅格来实现。 导电栅格膜强烈地反映黑体辐射，并且使得栅格对可见光和近红外光呈现高透明度，因此透射。

    Optical metapolarizer device
    5.
    发明授权
    Optical metapolarizer device 有权
    光学偏光器件

    公开(公告)号：US09116302B2

    公开(公告)日：2015-08-25

    申请号：US12488515

    申请日：2009-06-19

    申请人： Wil McCarthy ,  Richard M. Powers ,  Wounjhang Park

    发明人： Wil McCarthy ,  Richard M. Powers ,  Wounjhang Park

    IPC分类号： G02B5/30 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B1/00 ,  H01Q15/00

    CPC分类号： G02B5/3058 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02B1/007 ,  H01Q15/0086

    摘要： An optical metapolarizer device polarizes light while mitigating the absorptive or reflective losses associated with traditional polarizers. The metapolarizer device transmits light of one polarity and rotates the other polarity so that it is closer to the transmitted polarity. As a result, although the light exiting the metapolarizer device is highly polarized, the total transmissivity of the device can be well in excess of 50%, and can approach 100% in the theoretical limit.

    摘要翻译： 光学偏光器装置使光偏振，同时减轻与传统偏振器相关的吸收或反射损耗。 偏振器装置透射一种极性的光，并使另一极性旋转，使其更接近透射极性。 结果，尽管离开偏光器件的光是高度极化的，但是器件的总透射率可以很好地超过50％，并且在理论极限中可以接近100％。

    Multicolor light emitting device incorporating tunable quantum confinement devices
    7.
    发明授权
    Multicolor light emitting device incorporating tunable quantum confinement devices 失效
    包含可调量子限制装置的多色发光装置

    公开(公告)号：US08363307B2

    公开(公告)日：2013-01-29

    申请号：US12038677

    申请日：2008-02-27

    申请人： Wil McCarthy ,  Richard M. Powers

    发明人： Wil McCarthy ,  Richard M. Powers

    IPC分类号： G02F1/35 ,  G02F2/02 ,  H01S3/10

    CPC分类号： G09G3/14 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G02F1/01725 ,  G02F1/353 ,  G02F1/3556 ,  G02F2001/01791 ,  G02F2202/36 ,  G09G2320/0242 ,  G09G2320/0666 ,  H01L33/50 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

    摘要： A multicolor light emitting optical device is a programmable, multifunctional, general-purpose, solid-state light source. The device can use any of several light sources, including LEDs. The device couples a light source and a tunable optical converter composed of a quantum confinement device to produce a tunable, monochromatic light emission. The output wavelength of the optical device can be selected from within a tunable range of the optical (visible, near infrared, or near ultraviolet) spectrum on demand, in real time. The optical device is capable of serving as a tunable light source, a “true color” pixel, and a replacement for bi-color, tri-color, and multi-color light-emitting diodes. The optical device has particular, but not exclusive, application as an indicator light, in room lighting, and as a picture element in video displays.

    摘要翻译： 多色发光光学器件是可编程的多功能通用固态光源。 该设备可以使用任何几种光源，包括LED。 该装置将光源和由量子限制装置组成的可调谐光转换器耦合以产生可调谐的单色发光。 光学器件的输出波长可以根据需要从光学（可见光，近红外或近紫外）光谱的可调范围内实时选择。 该光学装置能够用作可调谐光源，真彩色像素，以及替代双色，三色和多色发光二极管。 该光学装置具有特殊但不排他的应用程序作为指示灯，室内照明以及视频显示器中的图像元素。

    Thermally switched optical filter incorporating a guest-host architecture
    8.
    发明授权
    Thermally switched optical filter incorporating a guest-host architecture 有权
    结合了宾客架构的热交换光学滤波器

    公开(公告)号：US08284336B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-10-09

    申请号：US12758573

    申请日：2010-04-12

    申请人： Richard M. Powers ,  Wil McCarthy

    发明人： Richard M. Powers ,  Wil McCarthy

    IPC分类号： G02F1/133 ,  G02F1/01

    CPC分类号： G02B26/007 ,  C09K19/02 ,  C09K2219/13 ,  E06B9/24 ,  E06B2009/2464 ,  G02B26/004 ,  G02F1/0126 ,  G02F1/132 ,  G02F1/13725

    摘要： Thermochromic filters are constructed using absorptive, reflective, or fluorescent dyes, molecules, polymers, particles, rods, or other orientation-dependent colorants that have their orientation, order, or director influenced by carrier materials, which are themselves influenced by temperature. These order-influencing carrier materials include thermotropic liquid crystals, which provide orientation to dyes and polymers in a Guest-Host system in the liquid-crystalline state at lower temperatures, but do not provide such order in the isotropic state at higher temperatures. The varying degree to which the absorptive, reflective, or fluorescent particles interact with light in the two states can be exploited to make many varieties of thermochromic filters. Thermochromic filters can control the flow of light and radiant heat through selective reflection, transmission, absorption, and/or re-emission. The filters have particular application in passive or active light-regulating and temperature-regulating films, materials, and devices, and particularly as construction materials and building and vehicle surfaces.

    摘要翻译： 热变色过滤器使用吸收性，反射性或荧光染料，分子，聚合物，颗粒，棒或其他取向依赖的着色剂来构造，其着色剂的定向，顺序或导向剂受载体材料的影响，载体材料本身受温度的影响。 这些顺序影响载体材料包括热致液晶，其在较低温度下在液晶态的Guest-Host系统中提供染料和聚合物的取向，但是在较高温度下不提供各向同性状态的这种顺序。 吸收，反射或荧光颗粒与两种状态下的光相互作用的不同程度可以被利用来制造许多品种的热变色滤光片。 热变色过滤器可以通过选择性反射，透射，吸收和/或再发射来控制光和辐射热的流动。 滤波器在被动或主动的调光和温度调节膜，材料和器件中特别适用，特别是作为建筑材料和建筑物和车辆表面。

    Thermally switched reflective optical shutter
    9.
    发明授权
    Thermally switched reflective optical shutter 有权
    热反射光学快门

    公开(公告)号：US08072672B2

    公开(公告)日：2011-12-06

    申请号：US12830068

    申请日：2010-07-02

    申请人： Richard M. Powers ,  Wil McCarthy

    发明人： Richard M. Powers ,  Wil McCarthy

    IPC分类号： G02F1/01 ,  G02B26/02 ,  E06B7/00

    CPC分类号： G02F1/0147 ,  E06B9/24 ,  E06B2009/2464 ,  G02B27/28 ,  G02F1/0136 ,  G02F1/132 ,  G02F1/133514 ,  G02F1/133533 ,  G02F1/133536 ,  G02F2001/0139 ,  G02F2001/133538

    摘要： The thermally switched reflective optical shutter is a self-regulating “switchable mirror” device that reflects up to 100% of incident radiant energy above a threshold temperature, and reflects up to 50% of incident radiant energy below a threshold temperature. Control over the flow of radiant energy occurs independently of the thermal conductivity or insulating value of the device, and may or may not preserve the image and color properties of incoming visible light. The device can be used as a construction material to efficiently regulate the internal temperature and illumination of buildings, vehicles, and other structures without the need for an external power supply or operator signals. The device has unique aesthetic optical properties that are not found in traditional windows, skylights, stained glass, light fixtures, glass blocks, bricks, or walls. The device can be tailored to transmit sufficient visible light to see through in both the transparent and reflective states, while still providing significant control over the total energy transmission across the device.

    摘要翻译： 热开关反射光学快门是一种自调节“可切换反射镜”装置，其反射高达阈值温度高达100％的入射辐射能量，并将高达50％的入射辐射能量反射到阈值温度以下。 控制辐射能量的流动与设备的热导率或绝缘值无关，并且可能保持或不保留输入的可见光的图像和颜色特性。 该装置可用作建筑材料，以有效地调节建筑物，车辆和其他结构的内部温度和照明，而不需要外部电源或操作员信号。 该设备具有独特的美学光学性能，在传统的窗户，天窗，彩色玻璃，灯具，玻璃砖，砖块或墙壁上都没有发现。 该设备可以被调整为传输足够的可见光以在透明和反射状态下透视，同时仍然对跨设备的总能量传输提供显着控制。