公开(公告)号：US5774213A

公开(公告)日：1998-06-30

申请号：US518427

申请日：1995-08-23

申请人： Rick P. Trebino ,  Nicholas M. Sampas ,  Eric K. Gustafson

发明人： Rick P. Trebino ,  Nicholas M. Sampas ,  Eric K. Gustafson

IPC分类号： G01N21/31

CPC分类号： G01N21/3151

摘要： A technique for making precise spectrophotometric measurements illuminates a sample with two or more modulated light sources at two or more, typically closely spaced, wavelengths. Light from the sources is combined, homogenized, and directed to the sample, and the light from the sample is collected and detected by a photodetector. The optical output powers of two sources are modulated with the same periodicity and with a reversed amplitude. Variations in the concentrations of species in the sample affect the modulation amplitude representing the sum of the optical powers from two sources in such a way as to produce an output signal. That output signal, based on an electrical component varying with a periodicity at the fundamental frequency, provides a measure of the difference in the transmissions (or other optical properties) of the sample at the two wavelengths. Feedback methods, such as null-point detection, provide stable, sensitive measurements. Wavelength-division multiplexing--required for simultaneous measurements at many wavelengths--is achieved by modulating different pairs of sources at different frequencies.

摘要翻译： 用于进行精确的分光光度测量的技术用两个或更多个通常紧密间隔的波长的两个或多个调制光源照射样品。 来自源的光被组合，均质化并且被引导到样品，并且来自样品的光被光电检测器收集和检测。 两个源的光输出功率以相同的周期性和相反的幅度进行调制。 样品中物种浓度的变化影响表示来自两个光源的光功率之和的调制幅度，以产生输出信号。 该输出信号基于以基频周期性变化的电子分量提供在两个波长处的样本的传输（或其他光学性质）的差异的度量。 反馈方法，如零点检测，提供稳定，敏感的测量。 通过在不同频率调制不同的源对来实现在许多波长下同时测量所需的波分复用。

公开(公告)号：US06299839B1

公开(公告)日：2001-10-09

申请号：US08522434

申请日：1995-08-31

申请人： Arjuna R. Karunaratne ,  Stoughton L. Ellsworth ,  Lawrence M. Ensler ,  Eric K. Gustafson

发明人： Arjuna R. Karunaratne ,  Stoughton L. Ellsworth ,  Lawrence M. Ensler ,  Eric K. Gustafson

IPC分类号： G01N3504

CPC分类号： B01F13/0818 ,  B01F13/0059 ,  Y10S436/809 ,  Y10T436/111666 ,  Y10T436/117497

摘要： An analytical system comprises a frame and movable carriage. An analytical rotor is mounted on the carriage and can be translated among a sample dispensing station, a fluid dispensing station, and a label detection zone. In order to perform assays, the analyzer system requires only the introduction of the analytical rotor, sample, and a volume of diluent solution. Sample within the analyzer is contained at all times within either a sample receptacle or the rotor. The method allows for the sequential addition of sample and diluent in order to perform multiple assay steps and is particularly suitable for performing heterogeneous immunoassays. The use of fluorescent label in the system allows multiple analyte detection reactions to be performed from a single sample applied to a single rotor.

摘要翻译： 分析系统包括框架和可移动托架。 分析转子安装在滑架上，并可在样品分配站，流体分配站和标签检测区之间平移。 为了进行测定，分析仪系统仅需要引入分析转子，样品和一定体积的稀释液。 分析仪内的样品始终包含在样品容器或转子内。 该方法允许顺序加入样品和稀释剂以进行多个测定步骤，并且特别适用于进行异质免疫测定。 在系统中使用荧光标记允许从施加到单个转子的单个样品进行多个分析物检测反应。

公开(公告)号：US5478527A

公开(公告)日：1995-12-26

申请号：US342486

申请日：1994-11-21

申请人： Eric K. Gustafson ,  John Lee ,  Yuh-Geng Tsay

发明人： Eric K. Gustafson ,  John Lee ,  Yuh-Geng Tsay

IPC分类号： G01N21/47 ,  G01N33/543 ,  G01N33/553 ,  G01N33/545

CPC分类号： G01N33/54373 ,  G01N21/4788 ,  G01N2021/7773 ,  Y10S436/805

摘要： A reflective biograting consists of an optically flat layer of a transparent composition such as silicon dioxide having a first and second surface, alternating zones of active and inactive binding reagent on the first surface, and a reflective metal layer having a thickness of at least above 1000 .ANG.. The reflective metal layer can be supported on an optically flat surface of a wafer, and the reflective metal can be aluminum, silver, gold, chromium, nickel, titanium or platinum coating on a polished wafer. Preferably, the silicon dioxide layer is formed either by direct sputtering of silicon dioxide or by coating an alkali metal silicate solution on the surface of the reflective metal, optionally containing an aminoalkylsilane and a water-soluble hydroxylated polymer such as a dextran. Alternatively, the reflective support comprises one or more reflective layer units, each reflective layer unit comprising an optically flat layer of silicon, and preferably polysilicon, on a layer of silicon dioxide. Each layer of silicon has a thickness within the range of from 150 to 750 .ANG., from 850 to 1300 .ANG., or from 1700 to 2150 .ANG., and preferably within the range of from 200 to 600 .ANG.. Each layer of silicon dioxide has a thickness within the range of from 800 to 1200 .ANG.. The reflective support is supported on the substantially flat surface of an insoluble support.

摘要翻译： 反射生物研磨由透明组合物的光学平坦层组成，例如具有第一表面和第二表面的二氧化硅，第一表面上的活性和非活性粘合剂的交替区域以及厚度至少在1000以上的反射金属层 ANGSTROM。 反射金属层可以被支撑在晶片的光学平坦表面上，并且反射金属可以是抛光晶片上的铝，银，金，铬，镍，钛或铂涂层。 优选地，二氧化硅层通过直接溅射二氧化硅或通过在反射金属的表面上涂覆碱金属硅酸盐溶液而形成，任选地含有氨基烷基硅烷和水溶性羟基化聚合物如葡聚糖。 或者，反射支撑件包括一个或多个反射层单元，每个反射层单元在二氧化硅层上包括光学平坦的硅层，优选多晶硅。 每层硅的厚度在150至750安培范围内，从850至1300安培，或1700至2150安培，优选在200至600安培范围内。 每层二氧化硅的厚度在800至1200安培的范围内。 反射支撑体支撑在不溶性支撑体的基本上平坦的表面上。

公开(公告)号：US07016594B1

公开(公告)日：2006-03-21

申请号：US10915524

申请日：2004-08-09

申请人： Asif A. Godil ,  Eric K. Gustafson ,  Rajeev Patil ,  Timothy D. Stowe

发明人： Asif A. Godil ,  Eric K. Gustafson ,  Rajeev Patil ,  Timothy D. Stowe

IPC分类号： G02B6/00

CPC分类号： G02B26/0866 ,  G02B6/4226 ,  G02B7/008 ,  G02B7/1815

摘要： A simple and robust heat actuated steering device for use with mirrors and other optical components of optical telecommunications equipment is described, together with systems which implement such devices. The device uses differential heating between two legs of a flexured mount to allow tilting that can be used to steer an optical beam. Disturbances in the optical alignment, caused by temperature changes, of an optical device containing this component can be compensated by measuring the device temperature and using this to determine a command signal, for example as provided through a lookup table, to correct for device misalignment. Techniques for calibrating the device and establishing the correction data are also disclosed.

摘要翻译： 与实现这种设备的系统一起描述了用于光通信设备的反射镜和其他光学部件的简单且鲁棒的热致动转向装置。 该装置使用弯曲安装座的两个腿之间的差分加热来允许可用于引导光束的倾斜。 可以通过测量器件温度来补偿包含该部件的光学器件引起的由光温度变化导致的光学校准的干扰，并且使用它来确定例如通过查找表提供的命令信号来校正器件未对准。 还公开了用于校准装置和建立校正数据的技术。

公开(公告)号：US4876208A

公开(公告)日：1989-10-24

申请号：US9177

申请日：1987-01-30

申请人： Eric K. Gustafson ,  Rick Trebino ,  John Lee

发明人： Eric K. Gustafson ,  Rick Trebino ,  John Lee

IPC分类号： G01N21/47 ,  G01N33/543 ,  G01N33/545 ,  G01N33/552 ,  G01N33/64

CPC分类号： G01N33/552 ,  G01N21/4788 ,  G01N33/54373 ,  G01N33/545 ,  G01N33/64 ,  Y10S436/805

摘要： A diffraction immunoassay method in which a diffraction grating design of non-light disturbing primary binding reagent on an insoluble surface is conjugated with analyte in a sample. If the primary binding reagent-analyte conjugate is light disturbing, a diffraction grating is formed. If the primary binding reagent-analyte conjugate is non-light disturbing, the analyte is further conjugated with a secondary binding reagent which is labeled with a light disturbing material to form a diffraction grating. Light from a narrow band light source is then applied to the surface, and the intensity of beams of diffracted light formed by the diffraction grating is determined. The diffraction immunoassay plate for the method comprises a smooth insoluble surface having on the surface thereof, a diffraction grating design of lines of the primary binding reagent. The diffraction immunoassay apparatus comprises a light source, a platform for supporting the diffraction immunoassay plates in the path of a beam of light from the light source, and at least one light detector positioned to detect light diffracted by the diffraction grating.

摘要翻译： 衍射免疫测定方法，其中在不溶性表面上的非光干扰的初级结合试剂的衍射光栅设计与样品中的分析物结合。 如果主要结合试剂 - 分析物共轭物是光线干扰的，则形成衍射光栅。 如果主要结合试剂 - 分析物缀合物是非光干扰的，则分析物进一步与用光干扰材料标记以形成衍射光栅的第二结合试剂缀合。 然后将来自窄带光源的光施加到表面，并且确定由衍射光栅形成的衍射光束的强度。 用于该方法的衍射免疫测定板包括在其表面上具有主要结合试剂线的衍射光栅设计的光滑不溶表面。 衍射免疫测定装置包括光源，用于在来自光源的光束的路径中支撑衍射免疫测定板的平台，以及定位成检测由衍射光栅衍射的光的至少一个光检测器。

公开(公告)号：US06888983B2

公开(公告)日：2005-05-03

申请号：US09900753

申请日：2001-07-06

申请人： Eric K. Gustafson ,  Asif A. Godil

发明人： Eric K. Gustafson ,  Asif A. Godil

IPC分类号： G02B6/35 ,  G02B26/08 ,  H01S3/067 ,  H01S3/10 ,  H01S5/00 ,  G02B6/32

CPC分类号： G02B6/356 ,  G02B6/3512 ,  G02B6/3552 ,  G02B6/3592 ,  G02B6/3594 ,  G02B26/0808 ,  H01S3/06754 ,  H01S3/10023 ,  H01S5/005 ,  H01S2301/04

摘要： A beam refraction apparatus includes an input fiber carrying an input beam. A wavelength dispersive element is coupled to the input fiber. The wavelength dispersive element spreads the input beam in at least one dimension as a function of wavelength and generates a dispersed beam. A controllable grating reflects the dispersed beam to the wavelength dispersive element and generates a recombined beam. The controllable grating provides a controllable reflectivity as a function of wavelength. An output fiber receives the recombined beam. A collimating optical member is coupled to the input and output fibers. The collimating optical member passes the input beam and the recombined beams in parallel and opposite directions.

摘要翻译： 光束折射装置包括承载输入光束的输入光纤。 波长色散元件耦合到输入光纤。 波长色散元件将输入光束以至少一个维度作为波长的函数展开，并产生分散的光束。 可控光栅将分散的光束反射到波长色散元件并产生重组光束。 可控光栅提供作为波长的函数的可控反射率。 输出光纤接收重组光束。 准直光学构件耦合到输入和输出光纤。 准直光学构件使输入光束和复合光束平行和相反方向通过。

公开(公告)号：US5413939A

公开(公告)日：1995-05-09

申请号：US86345

申请日：1993-06-29

申请人： Eric K. Gustafson ,  Jimmy D. Allen ,  Michael E. Cobb

发明人： Eric K. Gustafson ,  Jimmy D. Allen ,  Michael E. Cobb

IPC分类号： G01N21/45 ,  G01N21/75 ,  G01N33/543 ,  G01J1/20

CPC分类号： G01N21/45 ,  G01N2021/1748 ,  G01N2021/1759 ,  G01N2021/752 ,  G01N21/75 ,  Y10S435/97

摘要： A solid-phase binding assay that measures interferometrically either antibodies or binding pair antigens bound to a spinning disc on which the complementary antigen or antibody has previously been coated in an alternating pattern of immunologically active and inactive spots. The spinning disc is inserted into one arm of a Mach-Zehnder interferometer and as the disc spins the bound and unbound spots pass one after another through the two light beams causing a periodic phase shift in the light. These phase modulated light beams are then recombined at a beam-splitter converting the phase modulation into an amplitude modulation. The two recombined beams then fall on a photodetector which converts the periodically varying optical power into a periodically varying electrical current whose amplitude is proportional to the amount of bound protein on the surface of the disc and whose modulation frequency is equal to the frequency with which the spots pass through the light beam. If the disc is spinning rapidly and there are many spots around the disc this signal frequency will be much higher than the frequency of the noise due to the disc wobble and the vibrations imparted to the interferometer by the spinning motor.

摘要翻译： 固相结合测定法，其以干涉计量方式测量结合至纺丝盘的抗体或结合对抗原，其上互补抗原或抗体先前已经以免疫活性和非活性斑点的交替模式包被。 旋转盘被插入到马赫 - 策德尔干涉仪的一个臂中，并且随着盘旋转的绑定和未绑定的光点通过两个光束一个接一个地通过，导致光中的周期性相移。 然后将这些相位调制光束在将相位调制器转换成幅度调制的分束器上重新组合。 然后，两个重组光束落在光电检测器上，该光电检测器将周期性变化的光功率转换成周期性变化的电流，其幅度与盘的表面上的结合蛋白质的量成比例，其调制频率等于 斑点穿过光束。 如果光盘快速旋转，并且光盘周围存在许多光斑，则由于光盘摆动以及旋转电机对干涉仪施加的振动，该信号频率将远高于噪声的频率。

公开(公告)号：US5089387A

公开(公告)日：1992-02-18

申请号：US216691

申请日：1988-07-07

申请人： Yuh-Geng Tsay ,  Emanuel Calenoff ,  Eric K. Gustafson ,  Rick Trebino ,  John Lee

发明人： Yuh-Geng Tsay ,  Emanuel Calenoff ,  Eric K. Gustafson ,  Rick Trebino ,  John Lee

IPC分类号： G01N21/47 ,  C12Q1/68 ,  G01N21/77 ,  G01N33/543 ,  G02B5/18

CPC分类号： G01N21/4788 ,  C12Q1/6825 ,  G01N33/54373 ,  G01N2021/757

摘要： The assay of the subject invention uses DNA sequences as probes in a nucleic acid hybridization diffraction assay, to detect specific DNA sequences in a sample. Diffraction assay methodologies are applied to determine the presence and amount of analyte.This invention involves a discovery in the areas of supporting surfaces for a biogrid or biograting which provide greatly reduced non-specific hybridization and binding. A preferred process of this invention involves manufacturing a biograting for use in a light diffraction assay, and comprises adhering a uniform layer of hybridizing reagent comprising a nucleotide sequence on a smooth, solid surface and exposing the surface to UV radiation through a shadow mask with a diffraction grating pattern of lines to selectively deactivate the hybridizing reagent, leaving a biological diffraction grating design of lines of active hybridizing reagent. The smooth, solid surface is preferably selected from the group consisting of polysilicon and single crystalline silicon surfaces.The diffraction hybridizing assay method of this invention for determining the presence or quantity of an analyte in an aqueous sample comprises contacting a nucleic acid sequence diffraction biogrid with the sample under proper circumstances and for a sufficient time to permit nucleic acid hybridization between a nucleic acid sequence probe and an analyte; separating the biogrid from the sample; illuminating the biogrid with light from a light source; and determining the light diffracted by the diffraction hybridization assay surface.

公开(公告)号：US4886761A

公开(公告)日：1989-12-12

申请号：US30327

申请日：1987-03-26

申请人： Eric K. Gustafson ,  Rick Trebino ,  John Lee

发明人： Eric K. Gustafson ,  Rick Trebino ,  John Lee

IPC分类号： G01N21/47 ,  G01N33/543 ,  G01N33/545 ,  G01N33/552 ,  G01N33/64

CPC分类号： G01N33/54373 ,  G01N21/4788 ,  G01N33/545 ,  G01N33/552 ,  G01N33/64 ,  G01N2021/7773 ,  Y10S436/81

摘要： An improved binding assay plate having greatly reduced non-specific binding with proteinaceous reagents comprising a polysilicon surface having a binding reagent adhered thereto, the surface having a coating adsorbed thereon of a proteinaceous non-specific binding inhibitor. This binding assay product is prepared by adhering binding reagent to a polysilicon surface and then treating the surface with the proteinaceous non-specific binding inhibitor.The binding assay method comprises the steps of contacting the polysilicion surface having a primary binding reagent and non-specific binding inhibitor adhered to the surface thereof with a solution containing an analyte with which the primary binding reagent specifically binds for a time sufficient to permit conjugation of analyte with the primary binding reagent and determining the analyte bound to the polysilicon surface. The plate is suitable for both sandwich and competition immunoassays. The reduction of non-specific binding produces a substantial increase in sensitivity.

摘要翻译： 一种改进的结合测定板，其具有大大降低的与蛋白质试剂的非特异性结合，其包含粘附有结合试剂的多晶硅表面，该表面具有吸附在其上的蛋白质非特异性结合抑制剂的涂层。 该结合测定产物通过将结合试剂粘附到多晶硅表面，然后用蛋白质非特异性结合抑制剂处理该表面来制备。 结合测定方法包括以下步骤：将具有主要结合试剂的聚硅酸酯表面和附着于其表面的非特异性结合抑制剂与含有主要结合试剂特异性结合的分析物的溶液接触足以允许 分析物与主要结合试剂并确定与多晶硅表面结合的分析物。 该板适用于三明治和竞争免疫测定。 非特异性结合的减少导致灵敏度的显着增加。