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公开(公告)号：US07629071B2
公开(公告)日：2009-12-08
申请号：US11017527
申请日：2004-12-20
申请人： Han Liu , Robert C. McDonald , Thomas J. McCallum , Anthony B. LaConti , John Forchione , Jeanette O'Hara , Joerg Roth
发明人： Han Liu , Robert C. McDonald , Thomas J. McCallum , Anthony B. LaConti , John Forchione , Jeanette O'Hara , Joerg Roth
CPC分类号： H01M8/0245 , H01M4/8605 , H01M4/8657 , H01M4/8807 , H01M4/8817 , H01M4/8828 , H01M8/0232 , H01M8/0234 , H01M8/0239 , H01M8/0243 , H01M8/0271 , H01M8/1007 , H01M2004/021 , Y02P70/56 , Y10T428/249962 , Y10T428/249981 , Y10T428/30
摘要： A gas diffusion electrode and method of making the same. According to one embodiment, the electrode comprises a support layer, a first cushioning layer positioned on top of the support layer, a second cushioning layer positioned on top of the first cushioning layer, and a catalyst layer positioned on top of the second cushioning layer. The support layer is a mechanically stable, electrically-conductive, gas porous substrate, such as carbon fiber paper. The first cushioning layer, which is also gas porous, comprises a non-woven mat of electrically-conductive, chemically-inert fibers, preferably carbon nanofibers, bound together with a polymeric binder, such as polytetrafluoroethylene. The second cushioning layer is similar to the first cushioning layer, except that carbon black or a similar electrically-conductive, chemically-inert particulate material is included in addition to or instead of the fibrous material for the purpose of fine-tuning pore size.
摘要翻译： 气体扩散电极及其制造方法。 根据一个实施例，电极包括支撑层，位于支撑层顶部的第一缓冲层，位于第一缓冲层顶部的第二缓冲层和位于第二缓冲层顶部的催化剂层。 支撑层是机械稳定的，导电的气体多孔基底，例如碳纤维纸。 也是气体多孔的第一缓冲层包括与聚合物粘合剂如聚四氟乙烯结合在一起的导电的，化学惰性的纤维，优选碳纳米纤维的无纺毡。 第二缓冲层类似于第一缓冲层，除了除了或代替纤维材料之外还包括炭黑或类似的导电，化学惰性的颗粒材料，以便微调孔径。
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公开(公告)号：US07252747B2
公开(公告)日：2007-08-07
申请号：US11543692
申请日：2006-10-05
CPC分类号： C08J5/2281 , B01D67/0093 , B01D71/32 , C08J2335/02 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M8/1048 , H01M8/1069 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M2300/0091 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A composite proton exchange membrane and method of manufacturing the same. The composite proton exchange membrane comprises a proton exchange membrane which has been modified by replacing membrane protons in desired areas of the membrane with a cationic polymer. The cationic polymer is preferably formed by introducing a quaternary salt monomer into the membrane and then effecting the polymerization of the monomer. The modified areas of the proton exchange membrane exhibit increased strength, reduced water and gas permeability, reduced proton conductivity and reduced acidity. Accordingly, by modifying the periphery of the membrane, one can obtain an integral sealing edge for the membrane, and by modifying certain interior regions of the membrane, one can divide the membrane into a plurality of sealed segments.
摘要翻译： 一种复合质子交换膜及其制造方法。 复合质子交换膜包括质子交换膜，其通过用阳离子聚合物替换膜的所需区域中的膜质子而被修饰。 阳离子聚合物优选通过将季盐单体引入膜然后进行单体的聚合而形成。 质子交换膜的改性区域表现出强度增加，水和气体渗透性降低，质子传导性降低，酸度降低。 因此，通过改变膜的周边，可以获得膜的整体密封边缘，并且通过改变膜的某些内部区域，可以将膜分成多个密封段。
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公开(公告)号：US07326736B2
公开(公告)日：2008-02-05
申请号：US10627229
申请日：2003-07-25
IPC分类号： C08J7/14
CPC分类号： C08J5/2281 , B01D67/0093 , B01D71/32 , C08J2335/02 , H01M8/1004 , H01M8/1023 , H01M8/1039 , H01M8/1048 , H01M8/1069 , H01M2300/0082 , H01M2300/0091 , Y02P70/56
摘要： A composite proton exchange membrane and method of manufacturing the same. The composite proton exchange membrane comprises a proton exchange membrane which has been modified by replacing membrane protons in desired areas of the membrane with a cationic polymer. The cationic polymer is preferably formed by introducing a quaternary salt monomer into the membrane and then effecting the polymerization of the monomer. The modified areas of the proton exchange membrane exhibit increased strength, reduced water and gas permeability, reduced proton conductivity and reduced acidity. Accordingly, by modifying the periphery of the membrane, one can obtain an integral sealing edge for the membrane, and by modifying certain interior regions of the membrane, one can divide the membrane into a plurality of sealed segments.
摘要翻译： 一种复合质子交换膜及其制造方法。 复合质子交换膜包括质子交换膜，其通过用阳离子聚合物替换膜的所需区域中的膜质子而被修饰。 阳离子聚合物优选通过将季盐单体引入膜然后进行单体的聚合而形成。 质子交换膜的改性区域表现出强度增加，水和气体渗透性降低，质子传导性降低，酸度降低。 因此，通过改变膜的周边，可以获得膜的整体密封边缘，并且通过改变膜的某些内部区域，可以将膜分成多个密封段。
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公开(公告)号：US4416957A
公开(公告)日：1983-11-22
申请号：US354276
申请日：1982-03-03
申请人： Franz Goebel , Robert C. McDonald
发明人： Franz Goebel , Robert C. McDonald
CPC分类号： H01M6/14 , H01M4/12 , H01M6/5055
摘要： A primary electrochemical cell operative to provide a warning indication toward the end of discharge of the cell signalling an approaching end-of-life of the cell. The cell includes a tubular porous carbon cathode structure disposed within a metal housing of the cell together with an anode structure and an electrolytic solution.The anode structure includes first and second electrochemically active elements, for example, lithium and calcium, having different oxidation potentials within the cell and consumable by electrochemical action within the cell during discharge of the cell. The consumption of the active elements during discharge of the cell results in the establishment of different and distinguishable operating voltages for the cell. The active elements are arranged with respect to each other such that the active element of higher oxidation potential (i.e., the lithium) is consumed prior to the other active element (i.e., the calcium). The change in value of the operating voltage of the cell due to successive consumptions of the two active elements is detected to provide a warning indication signalling the approaching end-of-life of the cell.
摘要翻译： 主要电化学电池用于提供朝向电池放电结束的警告指示，从而发出电池接近的使用寿命。 电池包括设置在电池的金属外壳内的管状多孔碳阴极结构以及阳极结构和电解溶液。 阳极结构包括第一和第二电化学活性元素，例如锂和钙，其在电池内具有不同的氧化电位，并且在电池放电期间通过电池中的电化学作用消耗。 在电池放电期间的有源元件的消耗导致为电池建立不同且可区分的工作电压。 活性元素相对于彼此布置，使得具有较高氧化电位的活性元素（即锂）在另一活性元素（即，钙）之前被消耗。 检测由于两个有源元件的连续消耗导致的单元的工作电压的值的变化，以提供用于指示电池的接近寿命的报警指示。
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公开(公告)号：US4303744A
公开(公告)日：1981-12-01
申请号：US207494
申请日：1980-11-17
摘要： A method for treating carbon-containing cathodes of a primary electrochemical cell for the purpose of reducing the gas pressure in the cell during open circuit and during discharge of the cell. The method of the invention includes purging the carbon-containing cathodes of the cell with sulfur dioxide or thionyl chloride gas to displace water and insoluble gases (oxygen and nitrogen, and argon or helium) entrapped within the carbon of the carbon-containing cathodes. The purge gas is soluble in an electrolytic solution including liquid thionyl chloride as is employed to activate the cell for use in discharge.
摘要翻译： 一种用于处理初级电化学电池的含碳阴极的方法，用于在开路和电池放电期间降低电池中的气体压力。 本发明的方法包括用二氧化硫或亚硫酰氯气体清洗电池的含碳阴极，以置换包含在含碳阴极碳中的水和不溶性气体（氧和氮，以及氩或氦）。 净化气体可溶于包含液体亚硫酰氯的电解液，用于激活用于排放的电池。
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6.发明授权Material suitable for thermal protection of electrochemical cells and other articles 失效材料适用于电化学电池等物品的热保护
公开(公告)号：US4603165A
公开(公告)日：1986-07-29
申请号：US803022
申请日：1985-11-29
CPC分类号： H01C7/027 , C08K3/08 , H01M10/4235 , H01M2/34 , H01M4/661 , H01M4/663 , H01M4/668 , H01M2200/20 , Y10S521/919
摘要： A material is provided which has a positive thermal coefficient of resistance. The material is made of nickel particles sintered in a plastic matrix. The material is suitable in internal elements of electrochemical cells.
摘要翻译： 提供具有正的耐热系数的材料。 该材料由以塑料基体烧结的镍颗粒制成。 该材料适用于电化学电池的内部元件。
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公开(公告)号：US4540641A
公开(公告)日：1985-09-10
申请号：US514729
申请日：1983-07-18
CPC分类号： H01M4/668 , H01M4/60 , H01M4/66 , H01M4/9008 , H01M6/14
摘要： A primary electrochemical cell having an oxidizable active anode material, a cathode current collector, and an electrolytic solution comprising a liquid cathode material and an electrolyte solute dissolved therein. The cathode current collector includes a polymer selected from the group consisting of polyenes, polyphenylenes, polyheterocyclics, mixtures thereof, copolymers thereof, and cross linked polymers thereof.
摘要翻译： 具有可氧化活性阳极材料的主电化学电池，阴极集电器和溶解有液体阴极材料和电解质溶质的电解液。 阴极集电器包括选自多烯，聚苯，多杂环，其混合物，其共聚物，及其交联聚合物的聚合物。
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公开(公告)号：US08758946B2
公开(公告)日：2014-06-24
申请号：US11973293
申请日：2007-10-04
申请人： Robert C. McDonald
发明人： Robert C. McDonald
IPC分类号： H01M6/16
CPC分类号： H01M10/0569 , H01M6/164 , H01M10/0525 , H01M10/0565 , H01M10/0568 , H01M2300/0034 , H01M2300/0037
摘要： Electrolyte suitable for use in a lithium ion cell or battery. According to one embodiment, the electrolyte includes a fluorinated lithium ion salt and a solvent system that solvates lithium ions and that yields a high dielectric constant, a low viscosity and a high flashpoint. In one embodiment, the solvent system includes a mixture of an aprotic lithium ion solvating solvent and an aprotic fluorinated solvent.
摘要翻译： 电解液适用于锂离子电池或电池。 根据一个实施方案，电解质包括氟化锂离子盐和溶剂化锂离子并且产生高介电常数，低粘度和高闪点的溶剂体系。 在一个实施方案中，溶剂系统包括非质子性锂离子溶剂化溶剂和非质子性氟化溶剂的混合物。
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9.发明申请Thermal switch material suitable for use in controlling short circuits in lithium-ion batteries and method of making the thermal switch material 审中-公开适用于控制锂离子电池短路的热开关材料及制作热开关材料的方法公开(公告)号：US20100255353A1
公开(公告)日：2010-10-07
申请号：US12653655
申请日：2009-12-15
申请人： Robert C. McDonald , Katherine E. Harrison , Shelly L. Van Blarcom , Shannon O'Toole , Michael P. Moeller
发明人： Robert C. McDonald , Katherine E. Harrison , Shelly L. Van Blarcom , Shannon O'Toole , Michael P. Moeller
CPC分类号： H01M10/0525 , H01B1/122 , H01M2/348 , H01M4/13 , H01M4/661 , H01M4/663 , H01M4/667 , H01M4/668 , H01M2200/10 , Y10T428/31544
摘要： A composite thermal switch material suitable for use in controlling short circuits in lithium ion batteries. The switch material comprises a substantially homogeneous matrix of metallic nanoparticles and non-electrically conductive polymeric nanoparticles, the non-electrically conductive polymeric nanoparticles being fused to one another and having a greater thermal expansion coefficient than the metallic nanoparticles, the metallic nanoparticles and the non-electrically conductive polymeric nanoparticles being present in said substantially homogeneous matrix in relative proportions such that the composite thermal switch material is electrically conductive below a switching temperature and is substantially non-electrically conductive at or above the switching temperature.
摘要翻译： 一种适用于控制锂离子电池短路的复合热敏开关材料。 开关材料包括金属纳米颗粒和非导电聚合物纳米颗粒的基本上均匀的基质，非导电聚合物纳米颗粒彼此熔合并且具有比金属纳米颗粒，金属纳米颗粒和非导电聚合物纳米颗粒更大的热膨胀系数， 导电聚合物纳米颗粒以相对比例存在于所述基本均匀的基质中，使得复合热敏开关材料在开关温度之下导电，并且在开关温度以上或高于开关温度时基本上不导电。
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公开(公告)号：US20090218235A1
公开(公告)日：2009-09-03
申请号：US12317935
申请日：2008-12-29
IPC分类号： G01N27/26
CPC分类号： G01N27/127 , G01N33/0047
摘要： Metal-oxide gas sensor. According to one embodiment, the sensor includes a layer or pellet of tungsten trioxide (WO3) substituted with one or more added metals. Preferably, the added metals are substituted in a concentration between about 0.005 and 10%, have an oxidation state less than +6, and possess a similar ionic radius to W6+. The substituted metal oxides are preferably formed as nanoparticles and sintered into a dense structure or coating possessing a surface-depletion layer sensitive to the surface adsorption of gas molecules and whose resistance changes in a predictable manner with gas adsorption. The extent of resistance change, rate of change and rate of desorption can be different for different gases, depending on the gas molecule's polarizability, dipole moments and electron configuration. The sensor can be used in a wide range of temperatures and corrosive conditions because of the intrinsic stability of the substituted metal oxides.
摘要翻译： 金属氧化物气体传感器。 根据一个实施例，传感器包括被一种或多种添加的金属取代的三氧化钨（WO3）的层或颗粒。 优选地，添加的金属以约0.005至10％的浓度被取代，具有小于+6的氧化态，并且具有与W6 +相似的离子半径。 取代的金属氧化物优选形成为纳米颗粒并烧结成致密结构或涂层，其具有对气体分子的表面吸附敏感的表面消耗层，并且其电阻以可预测的方式随气体吸附而变化。 取决于气体分子的极化率，偶极矩和电子结构，不同气体的电阻变化程度，变化率和解吸速率可以不同。 传感器可以在宽范围的温度和腐蚀条件下使用，因为取代的金属氧化物的固有稳定性。
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