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公开(公告)号：US5379018A
公开(公告)日：1995-01-03
申请号：US727763
申请日：1991-07-10
申请人： Roger E. De Wames , Ira B. Goldberg , Peter E. D. Morgan , Joseph J. Ratto , David B. Marshall , William F. Hall
发明人： Roger E. De Wames , Ira B. Goldberg , Peter E. D. Morgan , Joseph J. Ratto , David B. Marshall , William F. Hall
CPC分类号： H01P1/215
摘要： A magnetic switch for recording the change in position of a magnetic field includes a first object on which is positioned a source of magnetic force for creating a magnetic field and a second object on which is positioned at least one type II superconducting medium. The type II superconducting medium exhibits a permanent magnetic component after exposure to a magnetic field, such that relative motion between the first object and the second object causes the magnetic field to induce a residual magnetization in the superconducting medium. A device for sensing the direction of a magnetic field includes a first type II superconducting medium adapted to exhibit a permanent magnetic component after exposure to a magnetic field having a first direction, a second type II superconducting medium adapted to exhibit a permanent magnetic component after exposure to a magnetic field having a second direction orthogonal to the first direction, and a third type II superconducting medium adapted to exhibit a permanent magnetic component after exposure to a magnetic field having a third direction orthogonal to the first and second directions.
摘要翻译： 用于记录磁场位置变化的磁开关包括：第一物体，其上定位有用于产生磁场的磁力源，第二物体上定位有至少一个II型超导介质。 II型超导介质在暴露于磁场之后表现出永久磁性成分，使得第一物体和第二物体之间的相对运动导致磁场在超导介质中引起剩余磁化。 用于感测磁场方向的装置包括适于在暴露于具有第一方向的磁场之后呈现永磁部件的第一II型超导介质，适于在曝光之后呈现永磁部件的第二II型超导介质 涉及具有与第一方向正交的第二方向的磁场，以及适于在暴露于具有与第一和第二方向正交的第三方向的磁场之后呈现永磁部件的第三类型II超导介质。
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公开(公告)号：US5113164A
公开(公告)日：1992-05-12
申请号：US303708
申请日：1989-01-27
申请人： Roger E. De Wames , Ira B. Goldberg , Peter E. D. Morgan , Joseph J. Ratto , David B. Marshall , William F. Hall
发明人： Roger E. De Wames , Ira B. Goldberg , Peter E. D. Morgan , Joseph J. Ratto , David B. Marshall , William F. Hall
CPC分类号： H01P1/215
摘要： A tunable electromagnetic filter includes a type II superconducting medium which exhibits a permanent ferromagnetic component after exposure to a magnetic field. A magnetic field passes through the medium in a first direction, while an input conductor wound around the medium in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction receives an input signal, and an output conductor is wound around the medium in a third direction perpendicular to the first and second directions. At resonance of the medium, an alternating field magnetic component perpendicular to both the incoming signal and the magnetic field is created to induce a current of the resonant frequency in the output conductor.
摘要翻译： 可调电磁滤波器包括II型超导介质，其在暴露于磁场之后呈现永久的铁磁性部件。 磁场沿着第一方向穿过介质，而沿垂直于第一方向的第二方向缠绕在介质上的输入导体接收输入信号，并且输出导体在垂直于第一方向的第三方向上缠绕在介质周围 第一和第二个方向。 在介质共振时，产生垂直于入射信号和磁场的交变场磁分量，以在输出导体中感应出谐振频率的电流。
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3.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4879537A
公开(公告)日：1989-11-07
申请号：US223591
申请日：1988-07-25
IPC分类号： F16C39/06
CPC分类号： F16C32/0438
摘要： A device is provided for suspending an external load by means of a magnetic field and a superconductor. The superconductor is supported in a magnetic field which penetrates the superconductor. A magnet is suspended below the superconductor and oriented so that its magnetic moment is aligned parallel to the magnetic field. The magnet is provided with a coupling means so that it can be coupled to an external load. Either a vertical or a horizontal magnetic field can be used. In one embodiment, the load-carrying member is a composite material suspended from a supported magnet. The composite consists of a superconducting phase and an attractive phase comprising either a magnet, a ferromagnetic material, or a paramagnetic material. In another embodiment, a device for concentrating flux is provided by placing a superconductor between the source of the magnetic field and the position in which the concentrated flux is desired.
摘要翻译： 提供了一种通过磁场和超导体来悬挂外部负载的装置。 超导体被支撑在穿过超导体的磁场中。 将磁铁悬挂在超导体的下面并定向成使其磁矩平行于磁场排列。 磁体设置有联接装置，使得其可以耦合到外部负载。 可以使用垂直或水平磁场。 在一个实施例中，承载构件是从支撑的磁体悬挂的复合材料。 复合材料由超导相和吸引相组成，包括磁体，铁磁材料或顺磁材料。 在另一个实施例中，通过将超导体放置在磁场源和期望浓缩通量的位置之间来提供用于集中磁通的装置。
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4.发明授权Ceramic composites having a weak bond material selected from monazites and xenotimes 失效具有选自独居石和不定时的弱键材料的陶瓷复合材料
公开(公告)号：US5514474A
公开(公告)日：1996-05-07
申请号：US424767
申请日：1995-04-19
CPC分类号： C04B35/447 , C04B35/803 , Y10S428/902 , Y10T428/2933 , Y10T428/2938
摘要： Thermodynamically stable ceramic composites are provided for use in high temperature oxidizing environments. A phosphate selected from monazites and xenotimes functions as a weak bond interphase material between the constituents of the composites. Monazite comprises a family of minerals having the form MPO.sub.4, where M is selected from the larger trivalent rare earth elements of the lanthanide series (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Tb) and coupled substituted divalents and tetravalents such as Ca or Sr with Zr or Th. Xenotimes are phosphates similar to monazite where M is selected from Sc, Y, and the smaller trivalent rare earth elements of the lanthanide series (Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu). High temperature ceramic composites that include monazite or xenotime and exhibit damage tolerant behavior or non-catastrophic fracture may be fabricated in a variety of material systems and reinforcement morphologies, including multilayered laminar composites; fiber, whisker, and particulate reinforced composites; and hybrid laminar composites. Alumina fibers may be used in single crystal or polycrystalline form as a reinforcement material. In preferred embodiments, the ceramic matrix comprises a material similar to the reinforcement to improve compatibility of the composite materials. The interphase material allows debonding and "frictional" sliding between the constituents of the composite and inhibits crack growth across the interface.
摘要翻译： 提供热力学稳定的陶瓷复合材料用于高温氧化环境。 选自独居石和异氰酸酯的磷酸盐在复合材料的组分之间用作弱键相间材料。 独居石包括具有MPO4形式的矿物族，其中M选自镧系（La，Ce，Pr，Nd，Pm，Sm，Eu，Gd和Tb）的较大的三价稀土元素和偶联的取代的二价 和四价体如Ca或Sr与Zr或Th。 Xenotimes是类似于独居石的磷酸盐，其中M选自Sc，Y，以及镧系（Dy，Ho，Er，Tm，Yb和Lu）中较小的三价稀土元素。 包括独居石或堇青石并具有损伤容忍行为或非灾难性断裂的高温陶瓷复合材料可以在各种材料体系和增强形态中制造，包括多层层状复合材料; 纤维，晶须和颗粒增强复合材料; 和混合层流复合材料。 氧化铝纤维可以单晶或多晶形式用作增强材料。 在优选的实施方案中，陶瓷基质包括类似于增强材料以改善复合材料的相容性的材料。 相间材料允许在复合材料的组分之间脱粘和“摩擦”滑动并且抑制在界面上的裂纹增长。
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5.发明授权Use of monazite or xenotime solution precursors to increase the density and shear strength of oxide composites 有权使用独居石或堇青石溶液前体来增加氧化物复合材料的密度和剪切强度公开(公告)号：US08758908B2
公开(公告)日：2014-06-24
申请号：US12044336
申请日：2008-03-07
CPC分类号： C04B41/4596 , C04B35/447 , C04B35/62881 , C04B35/803 , C04B41/87 , C04B2235/3217 , C04B2235/3224 , C04B2235/3225 , C04B2235/3227 , C04B2235/3229 , C04B2235/443 , C04B2235/447 , C04B2235/5224 , C04B2235/5445 , C04B2235/616
摘要： Aqueous precursor solutions are described that comprise at least one monazite-based material precursor, at least one xenotime-based material precursor or a combination thereof; and a plurality of fine suspended particles of an oxide material. Contemplated oxide composites, as described herein, comprise a plurality of fibers surrounded by at least one monazite or xenotime-based material, wherein the oxide composite has nearly a fully dense matrix. Contemplated embodiments disclosed herein provides a method for producing an oxide composite with nearly fully dense matrix and with all fibers surrounded by a monazite- or xenotime-based material that prevents embrittlement at temperatures at least as high as 1200° C. Oxide composites are described that contain a plurality of fibers, a matrix containing at least one or more oxide materials, and at least one monazite-based material, xenotime-based material or combination thereof, wherein the monazite-based or xenotime-based material is formed from the aqueous precursor solutions disclosed herein. Contemplated methods of production include: a) providing a composite comprising oxide-reinforcing fibers and a porous matrix of oxide materials, and b) infiltrating the porosity in the matrix with a solution that contains precursors for at least one monazite-based material, at least one xenotime-based material or a combination thereof; and c) heat treating the composite to convert the precursors to monazite, xenotime, or combinations thereof.
摘要翻译： 描述了包含至少一种独居石基材料前体，至少一种基于堇青石的材料前体或其组合的水性前体溶液; 和多个细小的氧化物悬浮颗粒。 如本文所述，沉积的氧化物复合材料包含被至少一种独居石或基于堇青石的材料包围的多个纤维，其中氧化物复合材料具有几乎完全致密的基质。 本文公开的考虑的实施例提供了一种用于生产具有几乎完全致密的基质的氧化物复合材料的方法，并且所有的纤维都被独立铁矿或堇青石基材料包围，以防止在至少高达1200℃的温度下的脆化。氧化物复合材料被描述为 含有多个纤维，含有至少一种或多种氧化物材料的基质，以及至少一种独居石类材料，堇青石类材料或其组合，其中所述独居石类或堇青石类材料由水性前体形成 本文公开的解决方案。 考虑的生产方法包括：a）提供包含氧化物增强纤维和氧化物材料的多孔基质的复合材料，以及b）用包含至少一种独居石基材料的前体的溶液渗透到基体中的孔隙，至少 一种基于脱乙酸铁基的材料或其组合; 和c）热处理复合材料以将前体转化为独居石，堇青石或其组合。
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公开(公告)号：US06863999B1
公开(公告)日：2005-03-08
申请号：US10057184
申请日：2002-01-23
CPC分类号： F01D5/288 , C23C28/04 , C23C28/042 , C23C28/048
摘要： Monazites and xenotimes are rare-earth phosphates showing a combination of properties expected to be suitable for thermal barrier coatings. For example, lanthanum phosphate (La-monazite) can be used to form thermal barrier coatings to protect superalloy and ceramic parts exposed to high temperature and damage by sulfur, vanadium, phosphorus and other contaminants. The monazite or xenotime coatings can be applied using any of the common application methods including EB-PVD, laser ablation and plasma spraying. The stoichiometry of the coatings can be modulated according to the stoichiometry of specially prepared starting target (source) material. The most effective coatings appear to be largely crystalline and show a columnar structure with feather-like microstructure. For La-monazite, effective coatings between 10 and 500 micrometers in thickness can be deposited on substrates having temperatures between about 750° C. and about 950° C.
摘要翻译： 独居石和异味是稀土磷酸盐，显示出预期适用于热障涂层的性能组合。 例如，可以使用磷酸镧（La-monazite）形成热障涂层，以保护暴露于高温的高温合金和陶瓷部件，并受到硫，钒，磷和其他污染物的损害。 可以使用任何常见的应用方法（包括EB-PVD，激光烧蚀和等离子体喷涂）来应用独居石或含钇矿涂层。 涂层的化学计量可以根据专门制备的起始靶（源）材料的化学计量来调节。 最有效的涂层看起来很大程度上是结晶的，并且显示出具有羽状微结构的柱状结构。 对于独立For石，厚度为10至500微米的有效涂层可以沉积在温度在约750℃至约950℃之间的基底上。
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公开(公告)号：US5665463A
公开(公告)日：1997-09-09
申请号：US592155
申请日：1996-01-26
IPC分类号： C04B35/447 , C04B35/80 , B32B7/00
CPC分类号： C04B35/447 , C04B35/803 , Y10T428/2933 , Y10T428/294 , Y10T428/2958 , Y10T442/2361 , Y10T442/2975 , Y10T442/3659 , Y10T442/488 , Y10T442/67
摘要： Thermodynamically stable ceramic composites are provided for use in high temperature reactive environments. A phosphate selected from monazites and xenotimes functions as a weak bond material in the composite. Monazite comprises a family of minerals having the form MPO.sub.4, where M is selected from the larger trivalent rare earth elements of the lanthanide series (La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, and Tb) and coupled substituted divalents and tetravalents such as Ca or Sr with Zr or Th. Xenotimes are phosphates similar to monazite where M is selected from Sc, Y, and the smaller trivalent rare earth elements of the lanthanide series (Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu). High temperature ceramic composites that include monazite or xenotime and exhibit damage tolerant behavior or non-catastrophic fracture may be fabricated in a variety of material systems and reinforcement morphologies, including multilayered laminar composites; fiber, whisker, and particulate reinforced composites; hybrid laminar composites; and fabric or fiber preform composites. In preferred embodiments, the ceramic matrix comprises a material similar to the reinforcement to improve compatibility of the composite materials. The weak bond material allows debonding and "frictional" sliding between the constituents of the composite and inhibits crack growth across the interface.
摘要翻译： 提供热力学稳定的陶瓷复合材料用于高温反应性环境。 选自独居石和硝酸盐的磷酸盐在复合材料中起到弱键材料的作用。 独居石包括具有MPO4形式的矿物族，其中M选自镧系（La，Ce，Pr，Nd，Pm，Sm，Eu，Gd和Tb）的较大的三价稀土元素和偶联的取代的二价 和四价体如Ca或Sr与Zr或Th。 Xenotimes是类似于独居石的磷酸盐，其中M选自Sc，Y，以及镧系（Dy，Ho，Er，Tm，Yb和Lu）中较小的三价稀土元素。 包括独居石或堇青石并具有损伤容忍行为或非灾难性断裂的高温陶瓷复合材料可以在各种材料体系和增强形态中制造，包括多层层状复合材料; 纤维，晶须和颗粒增强复合材料; 混合层流复合材料; 织物或纤维预制件复合材料。 在优选的实施方案中，陶瓷基质包括类似于增强材料以改善复合材料的相容性的材料。 弱粘合材料允许复合材料的组分之间的剥离和“摩擦”滑动并且抑制在界面上的裂纹扩展。
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公开(公告)号：US5137852A
公开(公告)日：1992-08-11
申请号：US639857
申请日：1991-01-11
IPC分类号： C04B35/10 , C04B35/111 , C04B35/113 , C04B35/44 , C04B35/443 , C04B35/486 , C04B35/80
CPC分类号： C04B35/443 , C04B35/111 , C04B35/113 , C04B35/44 , C04B35/486 , C04B35/803 , Y10T428/2916 , Y10T428/2924 , Y10T428/2938
摘要： Thermodynamically stable ceramic composites are provided for use in high temperature oxidizing environments. The composites comprise high strength alumina fibers (Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) in a ceramic matrix. The ceramic matrix comprises material similar to the fibers to improve compatibility of the composite materials. A material selected from the .beta.-alumina and magnetoplumbite family of materials is used to provide a weakly bonded interface between the fibers and the ceramic matrix. .beta.-aluminas and magnetoplumbites have weak layers as an intrinsic characteristic of their crystal structure, which comprise spinel layers (basically Al.sub.2 O.sub.3) separated by very weakly bonded planes containing the .beta.-forming ions. The weak planes of these materials allow preferential debonding and sliding, and thus inhibit crack growth across the interface between the fibers and the ceramic matrix. The alumina fibers can be coated with .beta.-alumina by any of several methods such as heat treating the fibers in an atmosphere containing the desired .beta.-forming ions. Composite structures can be fabricated by placing the coated fibers in powdered matrix material and hot pressing. .beta.-alumina can also be formed in situ within a preformed composite by providing the .beta.-forming ions in a compound that is phase compatible with the ceramic matrix material and then heat treating the composite to form .beta.-alumina at the fiber-matrix interface.
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公开(公告)号：US4792377A
公开(公告)日：1988-12-20
申请号：US12198
申请日：1987-02-09
申请人： Bruce S. Dunn , Peter E. D. Morgan
发明人： Bruce S. Dunn , Peter E. D. Morgan
摘要： A method for growing crystals of sodium beta" alumina is described. The crystals are grown by Czochralski type processes or analogous methods wherein single crystals are formed from a flux or melt. The melt is a eutectic type liquid primarily containing Na or K, (Li, Mg or other divalent element, e.g. Ni.sup.2+, Co.sup.2+, Cr.sup.2+, Fe.sup.2+, etc.) Al, in proportions to produce beta" alumina. To lower the melt temperature to where e.g. Na.sub.2 MgAl.sub.10 O.sub.17 beta" or Na.sub.2 Li.sub.1/2 Al.sub.11/2.degree.17 beta" can crystallize in its stability region (approximately less than 1700.degree. C. for the Mg version and approximately less than 1600.degree. C. for the Li version) high valent ions, which do not enter the structure, particularly V.sup.5+, Nb.sup.5+, Ta.sup.5+, Zr.sup.4+ and/or Hf.sup.4+ are added to the melt. The method has allowed the growth of single crystals of the Li-stabilized sodium and potassium varieties for the first time.
摘要翻译： 描述了生长钠β“氧化铝晶体的方法。 通过切克劳斯基型方法或类似方法生长晶体，其中单晶由熔剂或熔体形成。 熔体是主要含有Na或K（Li，Mg或其它二价元素，例如Ni2 +，Co2 +，Cr2 +，Fe2 +等）Al的共晶型液体，按比例生成β“氧化铝。 为了将熔融温度降低到例如 Na2MgAl10O17β“或”Na2Li1 / 2Al11 / 2“17”“可以在其稳定性区域（对于Mg型大约低于1700℃，对于Li型）大约低于1600℃）可以结晶高价离子， 其不进入结构，特别是向熔体中加入V5 +，Nb5 +，Ta5 +，Zr4 +和/或Hf4 +。 该方法首次允许Li稳定的钠和钾品种的单晶生长。
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10.发明授权
公开(公告)号：US4914063A
公开(公告)日：1990-04-03
申请号：US177270
申请日：1988-04-04
IPC分类号： C01B21/068 , C01B31/36 , C04B35/571 , C04B35/589 , C08G77/48 , C08G77/60 , C08G77/62 , C30B29/62
CPC分类号： C08G77/60 , C04B35/571 , C04B35/589 , C08G77/62
摘要： A process is disclosed for producing, at a low temperature, a high purity organic reaction product consisting essentially of silicon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon. The process comprises reacting together a particulate elemental high purity silicon with a high purity reactive amine reactant in a liquid state at a temperature of from about 0.degree. C. up to about 300.degree. C. A high purity silicon carbide/silicon nitride ceramic product can be formed from this intermediate product, if desired, by heating the intermediate product at a temperature of from about 1200.degree.-1700.degree. C. for a period from about 15 minutes up to about 2 hours or the organic reaction product may be employed in other chemical uses.
摘要翻译： 公开了一种在低温下生产基本上由硅，氢，氮和碳组成的高纯度有机反应产物的方法。 该方法包括使微粒元素高纯度硅与液体状态下的高纯度反应性胺反应物在约0℃至约300℃的温度下反应。高纯度碳化硅/氮化硅陶瓷产物可以 由该中间产物形成，如果需要，通过在约1200-170℃的温度下加热中间产物约15分钟至约2小时的时间，或者有机反应产物可用于其它 化学用途。
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