摘要:
At the time of obtaining a difference in intake air amount between right and left banks in a V-type engine, a target value of a lift-amount/operation-angle-varying mechanism provided for each of the banks is set to a target value at which flow velocity of intake air passing through an intake valve becomes almost sound velocity. In a state in which the flow velocity of intake air passing through the intake valve becomes almost sound velocity, a difference in the intake air amount in the right and left banks is detected and, to reduce the difference, a correction value for a target value of a valve lift is set for each of the banks.
摘要:
A rotation phase of a camshaft relative to a crankshaft is detected based on a crank angle signal and a cam angle signal, and also the currents or voltages of electromagnetic brakes constituting a variable valve timing mechanism are converted into the rotation phase, to estimate a change in the rotation phase during the rotation phase is detected, based on the rotation phase obtained by converting the currents or voltages.
摘要:
A valve timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine which comprises a variable valve timing mechanism which varies an opening-and-closing timing of an intake valve and/or an exhaust valve of an engine, and in which the opening-and-closing timing at a time of starting the engine is set to a starting time timing which is at a further advance side than a maximum retard timing which is retarded at the maximum, said apparatus characterized in that, at a time of stopping the engine, the variable valve timing mechanism is controlled such that the opening-and-closing timing is made to be the starting time timing.
摘要:
At the time of obtaining a difference in intake air amount between right and left banks in a V-type engine, a target value of a lift-amount/operation-angle-varying mechanism provided for each of the banks is set to a target value at which flow velocity of intake air passing through an intake valve becomes almost sound velocity. In a state in which the flow velocity of intake air passing through the intake valve becomes almost sound velocity, a difference in the intake air amount in the right and left banks is detected and, to reduce the difference, a correction value for a target value of a valve lift is set for each of the banks.
摘要:
A valve timing control apparatus for an internal combustion engine which comprises a variable valve timing mechanism which varies an opening-and-closing timing of an intake valve and/or an exhaust valve of an engine, and in which the opening-and-closing timing at a time of starting the engine is set to a starting time timing which is at a further advance side than a maximum retard timing which is retarded at the maximum, said apparatus characterized in that, at a time of stopping the engine, the variable valve timing mechanism is controlled such that the opening-and-closing timing is made to be the starting time timing.
摘要:
Gains of a feedback control of a variable valve mechanism are varied so that a response delay occurs. As a result that a transient response is diagnosed under this state, in the case where the occurrence of response delay is not judged, it is judged that a response diagnosis function is abnormal.
摘要:
Provided is a method of manufacturing a molded body. The method includes: producing a foam sheet having a crystallinity degree A of 7.5% or less by using a composition containing polylactic acid comprising 98 mol % or more of any one among a D-isomer of lactic acid and an L-isomer of lactic acid as a constituent monomer unit; and molding the foam sheet with heat to produce a molded body, and a difference (B−A) between the crystallinity degree A of the foam sheet and the crystallinity degree B of the molded body is 20.0% or more and 40.0% or less.
摘要:
A toner including polyester, wherein an amount of heat of a peak derived from the polyester in a range of from 40° C. through 70° C. during a cooling process is from 1.0 J/g through 15 J/g in differential scanning calorimetry performed under conditions below, after maintaining the toner at −20° C., heating the toner to 130° C. at 10° C./min (a first heating process), after maintaining the toner at 130° C. for 1 minute, cooling the toner to −50° C. at cooling speed of 10° C./min (the cooling process), and after maintaining the toner at −50° C. for 5 minutes, heating the toner to 130° C. at 10° C./min (a second heating process).
摘要:
The present invention provides a composition comprising a liquid crystal polyester, a white pigment and a glass fiber bundle obtained by bundling glass fibers using a sizing agent comprising a polyurethane having a polyester polyol unit and at least one of an aliphatic diisocyanate unit or an alicyclic diisocyanate unit, wherein the polyester polyol unit is a polyol unit having an aliphatic polyhydric alcohol unit and at least one of an aliphatic polybasic acid unit or an alicyclic polybasic acid unit. The liquid crystal polyester composition can provide a reflective plate having a high reflectivity.
摘要:
An aqueous dispersion contains emulsion resin particles that contains pigment enclosing emulsion resin particles enclosing an inorganic pigment, wherein the pigment enclosing emulsion resin particles have a 50 percent cumulative volume particle diameter (D50) of from 40 to 300 nm as measured by laser diffraction scattering method, wherein the pigment enclosing emulsion resin particles have an average aspect ratio of from 1.0 to 1.5.