摘要:
A memory device is provided. The memory device includes programming first bit data into a plurality of memory cells; identifying target memory cells which are in a first state and whose threshold voltages are equal to or greater than a first voltage from the memory cells programmed with the first bit data; receiving second bit data which is to be programmed into the memory cells; calculating a plurality of third bit data by performing a first process on the second bit data; selecting third bit data which changes a largest number of target memory cells from the first state to a second state in response to the memory cells being programmed with each of the plurality of third bit data from the plurality of third bit data; and programming the selected third bit data into the memory cells.
摘要:
An injection locking oscillator (ILO) circuit includes; an injection circuit that receives input signals having a phase difference and provides injection signals respectively corresponding to the input signals based on a voltage level difference between each input signal and an oscillation signal at an output terminal, and a poly-phase signal output circuit that provides poly-phased signals having a phase difference between signals fixed to a defined phase difference upon receiving the injection signals from the input terminals.
摘要:
An optical integrated circuit may include a substrate including a single crystalline semiconductor material, a passive element extending in a crystal orientation of the substrate and including the single crystalline semiconductor material, and an active element extending in a crystal orientation of the substrate and including the single crystalline semiconductor material.