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公开(公告)号：US5656426A
公开(公告)日：1997-08-12
申请号：US225165
申请日：1994-04-08
申请人： Say-Jong Law , Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis , Anand Natrajan , Qingping Jiang , Peter B. Connolly , John P. Kilroy , Constance R. McCudden , Stephen M. Tirrell
发明人： Say-Jong Law , Chariklia Sotiriou-Leventis , Anand Natrajan , Qingping Jiang , Peter B. Connolly , John P. Kilroy , Constance R. McCudden , Stephen M. Tirrell
IPC分类号： G01N33/53 , C07D219/04 , C07D401/12 , C07F9/64 , C07J1/00 , C07J21/00 , C07J43/00 , C12Q1/68 , G01N33/532 , G01N33/533 , G01N33/569 , G01N33/58
CPC分类号： C07D401/12 , C07D219/04 , C07F9/64 , C07J1/0011 , C07J1/0022 , C07J21/006 , C07J43/003 , C12Q1/6816 , G01N33/533 , G01N33/586
摘要： Novel acridinium esters that are useful, either alone or when incorporated into liposomes, as chemiluminescent agents in binding assays (e.g., immunoassays and gene probe assays) with improved-sensitivity are disclosed. In addition, the synthesis of these esters and their use in assays for detecting an analyte is described. In particular, assays for testosterone and the Rubella virus are disclosed.
摘要翻译： 公开了在改进的灵敏度的结合测定（例如，免疫测定和基因探针测定）中单独使用或当掺入脂质体中时作为化学发光剂的新型吖啶酯。 此外，描述了这些酯的合成及其在用于检测分析物的测定中的用途。 特别地，公开了睾酮和风疹病毒的测定。
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2.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20120134909A1
公开(公告)日：2012-05-31
申请号：US13214633
申请日：2011-08-22
CPC分类号： C01B32/90 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C01B32/00 , C01B32/30 , C01B32/956 , C08G18/3243 , C08G18/346 , C08G18/7671 , C08G73/1003 , C08G73/1035 , C08G73/1067 , C08G2101/0091 , C08J9/28 , C08J2201/0502 , C08J2205/026 , C08J2375/04 , C08L79/08 , H01G11/38 , Y02E60/13
摘要： Porous three-dimensional networks of polyimide and porous three-dimensional networks of carbon and methods of their manufacture are described. For example, polyimide aerogels are prepared by mixing a dianhydride and a diisocyanate in a solvent comprising a pyrrolidone and acetonitrile at room temperature to form a sol-gel material and supercritically drying the sol-gel material to form the polyimide aerogel. Porous three-dimensional polyimide networks, such as polyimide aerogels, may also exhibit a fibrous morphology. Having a porous three-dimensional polyimide network undergo an additional step of pyrolysis may result in the three dimensional network being converted to a purely carbon skeleton, yielding a porous three-dimensional carbon network. The carbon network, having been derived from a fibrous polyimide network, may also exhibit a fibrous morphology.
摘要翻译： 描述了聚酰亚胺和多孔碳三维网络的多孔三维网络及其制造方法。 例如，聚酰亚胺气凝胶是通过在包含吡咯烷酮和乙腈的溶剂中在室温下混合二酐和二异氰酸酯来制备的，以形成溶胶 - 凝胶材料，并且超临界干燥溶胶 - 凝胶材料以形成聚酰亚胺气凝胶。 多孔三维聚酰亚胺网络，如聚酰亚胺气凝胶，也可呈现纤维形态。 具有多孔的三维聚酰亚胺网络经历另外的热解步骤可能导致三维网络转化为纯碳骨架，产生多孔的三维碳网络。 已经衍生自纤维状聚酰亚胺网络的碳网络也可呈现纤维形态。
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公开(公告)号：US20110250428A1
公开(公告)日：2011-10-13
申请号：US13022511
申请日：2011-02-07
CPC分类号： C01B32/956 , C01B32/05 , C01B32/90 , Y10T428/249953
摘要： Three-dimensional nanoporous aerogels and suitable preparation methods are provided. Nanoporous aerogels may include a carbide material such as a silicon carbide, a metal carbide, or a metalloid carbide. Elemental (e.g., metallic or metalloid) aerogels may also be produced. In some embodiments, a cross-linked aerogel having a conformal coating on a sol-gel material is processed to form a carbide aerogel, metal aerogel, or metalloid aerogel. A three-dimensional nanoporous network may include a free radical initiator that reacts with a cross-linking agent to form the cross-linked aerogel. The cross-linked aerogel may be chemically aromatized and chemically carbonized to form a carbon-coated aerogel. The carbon-coated aerogel may be suitably processed to undergo a carbothermal reduction, yielding an aerogel where oxygen is chemically extracted. Residual carbon remaining on the surface of the aerogel may be removed via an appropriate cleaning treatment.
摘要翻译： 提供三维纳米多孔气凝胶和合适的制备方法。 纳米孔气凝胶可以包括碳化物，碳化硅，金属碳化物或类金属碳化物等碳化物。 还可以生产元素（例如，金属或准金属）气凝胶。 在一些实施方案中，将在溶胶 - 凝胶材料上具有保形涂层的交联气凝胶加工成形成碳化物气凝胶，金属气凝胶或准金属气凝胶。 三维纳米多孔网络可以包括与交联剂反应形成交联气凝胶的自由基引发剂。 交联的气凝胶可以被化学地芳构化并化学碳化以形成碳涂覆的气凝胶。 碳涂层气凝胶可以被适当地加工以进行碳热还原，产生气凝胶，其中氧被化学提取。 可以通过适当的清洁处理去除残留在气凝胶表面上的残留碳。
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4.发明授权Pre-formed assemblies of solgel-derived nanoparticles as 3D scaffolds for composites and aerogels 有权预先形成的胶体衍生的纳米粒子组件作为复合材料和气凝胶的3D支架公开(公告)号：US08501319B2
公开(公告)日：2013-08-06
申请号：US12676129
申请日：2008-08-22
CPC分类号： C08F283/12 , C08G77/455 , C08G77/62 , C09D183/02 , Y10T428/24612 , Y10T428/2462 , Y10T428/2991 , Y10T428/2998
摘要： A composite material that includes a dopant comprised of pre-formed, three dimensional assemblies of skeletal structures that are comprised of solgel derived nanoparticles. The composite material includes a chemically bonded, in situ formed, polymer coating that at least partially coats mesoporous surfaces of the nanoparticles to provide enhancement of random dispersion of the dopant and to minimize or avoid agglomeration. Further, the polymer may be functionalized or the mesoporous surfaces of the nanoparticles may be treated to enable stronger chemical bonding between the dopant and the polymer.
摘要翻译： 一种复合材料，其包括由预先形成的由溶胶凝胶衍生的纳米颗粒组成的骨架结构的三维组件的掺杂剂。 复合材料包括化学键合的原位形成的聚合物涂层，其至少部分地涂覆纳米颗粒的介孔表面以提供掺杂剂的随机分散增强并且最小化或避免聚集。 此外，聚合物可以被官能化，或者可以处理纳米颗粒的介孔表面以使掺杂剂和聚合物之间更强的化学键合。
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公开(公告)号：US08277676B2
公开(公告)日：2012-10-02
申请号：US12839044
申请日：2010-07-19
IPC分类号： C01B33/12
CPC分类号： C07F7/025 , C01B33/145 , C01B33/148 , C07F7/045 , C08G18/3895 , C08G2101/0091
摘要： Cross-linked sol-gel like materials and cross-linked aerogels, as well as methods for making such cross-linked sol-gel like materials and cross-linked aerogels are described.
摘要翻译： 描述了交联的溶胶 - 凝胶状材料和交联的气凝胶，以及制备这种交联的溶胶 - 凝胶状材料和交联的气凝胶的方法。
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公开(公告)号：US20100204355A1
公开(公告)日：2010-08-12
申请号：US12676123
申请日：2008-09-05
CPC分类号： C08G77/02 , C08G18/3895 , C08G77/458 , C08G2101/0091 , Y02P20/544 , Y10T428/249991
摘要： Macroporous monolithic silica aerogels having mesoporous walls are produced via an acid-catalyzed sol-gel process from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) using a triblock co-polymer (Pluronic P123) as a structure-directing agent and 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) as a micelle-swelling reagent. Pluronic P 123 was removed by solvent extraction, and monoliths were obtained by removing the pore-filling solvent with liquid CO2, which was removed under supercritical conditions. The resulting materials are more robust compared to base-catalyzed silica aerogels of similar density. Mechanical properties can be further improved by reacting a di-isocyanate with the silanol groups on the macro and mesoporous surfaces. The polymer forms a conformal coat on the macropores and blocks access to the mesopores of templated samples, so that BET surface areas decrease dramatically.
摘要翻译： 通过使用三嵌段共聚物（Pluronic P123）作为结构导向剂和1,3,5-三甲基苯（TMB）的四甲氧基硅烷（TMOS）通过酸催化的溶胶 - 凝胶法生产具有介孔壁的大孔整体二氧化硅气凝胶， 作为胶束溶胀试剂。 通过溶剂萃取除去Pluronic P 123，通过用液体CO 2除去孔填充溶剂，在超临界条件下除去整料。 与相似密度的碱催化二氧化硅气凝胶相比，所得材料更加坚固。 通过使二异氰酸酯与宏观和介孔表面上的硅烷醇基团反应，可以进一步提高机械性能。 聚合物在大孔上形成共形涂层，并阻止进入模板样品的介孔，使得BET表面积急剧下降。
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公开(公告)号：US20100316550A1
公开(公告)日：2010-12-16
申请号：US12839044
申请日：2010-07-19
IPC分类号： C01B33/158
CPC分类号： C07F7/025 , C01B33/145 , C01B33/148 , C07F7/045 , C08G18/3895 , C08G2101/0091
摘要： Cross-linked sol-gel like materials and cross-linked aerogels, as well as methods for making such cross-linked sol-gel like materials and cross-linked aerogels are described.
摘要翻译： 描述了交联的溶胶 - 凝胶状材料和交联的气凝胶，以及制备这种交联的溶胶 - 凝胶状材料和交联的气凝胶的方法。
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8.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20100247897A1
公开(公告)日：2010-09-30
申请号：US12676126
申请日：2008-09-05
CPC分类号： C08G77/02 , C08G18/3895 , C08G77/458 , C08G2101/0091 , Y02P20/544 , Y10T428/249991
摘要： A bidentate free radical crosslinking initiator binds chemically to silica and silica rich surfaces and enables the free radical based polymerization of various materials such as styrene, divinylbenzene and methylmethacrylate onto silica and silica rich surfaces. When used in connection with aerogels, the resultant crosslinked aerogels exhibit greatly increased strength with only nominal increase in density.
摘要翻译： 双齿自由基交联引发剂化学键合到二氧化硅和富含二氧化硅的表面，并且能够将各种材料如苯乙烯，二乙烯基苯和甲基丙烯酸甲酯自由基聚合到二氧化硅和富含二氧化硅的表面上。 当与气凝胶结合使用时，所得到的交联气凝胶的密度显着提高，强度显着提高。
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公开(公告)号：US10301445B2
公开(公告)日：2019-05-28
申请号：US13214061
申请日：2011-08-19
IPC分类号： C08J9/12 , C08J9/02 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C08G18/79 , C08G18/18 , C08G18/30 , C01B32/00 , C08G101/00
摘要： Porous three-dimensional networks of polyurea and porous three-dimensional networks of carbon and methods of their manufacture are described. In an example, polyurea aerogels are prepared by mixing an triisocyanate with water and a triethylamine to form a sol-gel material and supercritically drying the sol-gel material to form the polyurea aerogel. Subjecting the polyurea aerogel to a step of pyrolysis may result in a three dimensional network having a carbon skeleton, yielding a carbon aerogel. The density and morphology of polyurea aerogels can be controlled by varying the amount of isocyanate monomer in the initial reaction mixture. A lower density in the aerogel gives rise to a fibrous morphology, whereas a greater density in the aerogel results in a particulate morphology. Polyurea aerogels described herein may also exhibit a reduced flammability.
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10.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20120152846A1
公开(公告)日：2012-06-21
申请号：US13214061
申请日：2011-08-19
CPC分类号： C08J9/02 , B82Y30/00 , B82Y40/00 , C01B32/00 , C08G18/18 , C08G18/302 , C08G18/792 , C08G2101/0091 , C08J2205/026 , C08J2375/02
摘要： Porous three-dimensional networks of polyurea and porous three-dimensional networks of carbon and methods of their manufacture are described. In an example, polyurea aerogels are prepared by mixing an triisocyanate with water and a triethylamine to form a sol-gel material and supercritically drying the sol-gel material to form the polyurea aerogel. Subjecting the polyurea aerogel to a step of pyrolysis may result in a three dimensional network having a carbon skeleton, yielding a carbon aerogel. The density and morphology of polyurea aerogels can be controlled by varying the amount of isocyanate monomer in the initial reaction mixture. A lower density in the aerogel gives rise to a fibrous morphology, whereas a greater density in the aerogel results in a particulate morphology. Polyurea aerogels described herein may also exhibit a reduced flammability.
摘要翻译： 描述了聚脲和多孔碳三维网络的多孔三维网络及其制造方法。 在一个实例中，通过将三异氰酸酯与水和三乙胺混合以形成溶胶 - 凝胶材料并超临界干燥溶胶 - 凝胶材料以形成聚脲气凝胶来制备聚脲气凝胶。 使聚脲气凝胶进行热解的步骤可能导致具有碳骨架的三维网络，产生碳气凝胶。 可以通过改变初始反应混合物中异氰酸酯单体的量来控制聚脲气凝胶的密度和形态。 气凝胶中较低的密度产生纤维形态，而气凝胶中较大的密度导致颗粒形态。 本文所述的聚脲气凝胶也可能表现出降低的可燃性。
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