摘要:
A system using audio and visual information to count coughs or evaluate other discrete information, including respiration and heart rate, relating to a patient in a fixed location such as a bed is disclosed. The system provides movement- and sound-based information derived from the patient's activities to a storage device and subsequently to a signal processing apparatus. One embodiment of the invention includes a pressure transducer, a video camera, a directional microphone, and a videocassette recorder (VCR) having two audio channels. Signals obtained from the transducer and microphone are transmitted to the two audio channel inputs of the VCR, while movement of the patient is recorded using the video camera connected to the video channel input of the VCR. Part or all of the information stored using the VCR may be transmitted to signal processing equipment and frequency filtered to determine the presence and number of coughs, and any remaining information (e.g. the video data) may be used to confirm the count. Because various conditions manifest themselves in movements having different frequency characteristics, the present system, as appropriately modified, also can be used to determine the presence of symptoms such as restlessness and thereby evaluate the effectiveness of medicines such as sedatives and hypnotics.
摘要:
A formulation composed of a sugar such as glucose and a surfactant such as myristoyl lysophosphocholine (LMPC) has been designed to stabilize both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of the glucagon molecule, under prolonged physiological conditions, in a formulation that is sufficiently similar to the pH and osmolarity of plasma so as not to induce or to minimize site irritation. The combination of a simple sugar and an surfactant stabilizes the glucagon molecule in an aqueous solution for seven days at 37° C.
摘要:
A dry powder inhaler having improved aerodynamic properties for diluting, dispersing, and metering drug particles for increasing the efficiency of pulmonary drug delivery to a patient is described. The inhaler comprises, in general, a housing having an air intake, an air flow-control/check-valve, a mixing section and a mouthpiece. A cartridge loaded with a single dose of medicament can be installed in the mixing section.
摘要:
Drug delivery to the pulmonary system has been achieved by encapsulation of the drug to be delivered in microparticles having a size range between 0.5 and ten microns, preferably in the range of two to five microns, formed of a material releasing drug at a pH of greater than 6.4. In a preferred embodiment, the drug delivery system is based on the formation of diketopiperazine microparticles which are stable at a pH of 6.4 or less and unstable at pH of greater than 6.4, or which are stable at both acidic and basic pH, but which are unstable at pH between about 6.4 and 8. Other types of materials can also be used, including biodegradable natural and synthetic polymers, such as proteins, polymers of mixed amino acids (proteinoids), alginate, and poly(hydroxy acids). In another embodiment, the microparticles have been modified to effect targeting to specific cell types and to effect release only after reaching the targeted cells.
摘要:
Described is a dry powder inhaler comprising an intake section; a mixing section, and a mouthpiece. The mouthpiece is connected by a swivel joint to the mixing section, and may swivel back onto the intake section and be enclosed by a cover. The intake chamber comprises a special piston with a tapered piston rod and spring, and one or more bleed-through orifices to modulate the flow of air through the device. The intake chamber further optionally comprises a feedback module to generate a tone indicating to the user when the proper rate of airflow has been achieved. The mixing section holds a capsule with holes containing a dry powder medicament, and the cover only can open when the mouthpiece is at a certain angle to the intake section. The mixing section further opens and closes the capsule when the intake section is at a certain angle to the mouthpiece. The mixing section is a Venturi chamber configured by protrusions or spirals to impart a cyclonic flow to air passing through the mixing chamber. The mouthpiece includes a tongue depressor, and a protrusion to contact the lips of the user to tell the user that the DPI is in the correct position. An optional storage section, with a cover, holds additional capsules. The cover for the mouthpiece, and the cover for the storage section may both be transparent, magnifying lenses. The capsules may be two-part capsules where each portion has apertures which correspond to apertures in the other half when each half is partially fitted to the other half, and fully fitted to the other half. All the apertures may be closed when the two halves are rotated around their longitudinal axes with respect to each other. Each capsule may have a unique key on each half that only fits with a particular inhaler.
摘要:
Described are capsules to contain a drug for use in an inhaler. The capsules may be two-part capsules where each half has apertures which may correspond to apertures in the other half. The first half fits snugly within the second half and the two halves may be rotated around their longitudinal axes with respect to each other to produce unlocked and locked positions. In the unlocked position, at least one aperture in the first half aligns with at least one aperture in the second half, which permits introduction of a medicament. In the locked position, at least two apertures in the first half align with at least two apertures in the second half, allowing air to pass through the capsule, releasing the medicament contained therein. Each capsule may have a unique key on each half that only fits with a particular inhaler or identifies the medicament contained therein.
摘要:
A formulation composed of a sugar such as glucose and a surfactant such as myristoyl lysophosphocholine (LMPC) has been designed to stabilize both hydrophilic and hydrophobic portions of the glucagon molecule, under prolonged physiological conditions, in a formulation that is sufficiently similar to the pH and osmolarity of plasma so as not to induce or to minimize site irritation. The combination of a simple sugar and an surfactant stabilizes the glucagon molecule in an aqueous solution for seven days at 37° C.
摘要:
A dry powder inhaler having improved aerodynamic properties for diluting, dispersing, and metering drug particles for increasing the efficiency of pulmonary drug delivery to a patient is described. The inhaler comprises, in general, a housing having an air intake, an air flow-control/check-valve, a mixing section and a mouthpiece. A cartridge loaded with a single dose of medicament can be installed in the mixing section.