公开(公告)号：US06975765B2

公开(公告)日：2005-12-13

申请号：US10431300

申请日：2003-05-06

申请人： Stephen P. McGrew ,  Sally-Anne Carver

发明人： Stephen P. McGrew ,  Sally-Anne Carver

IPC分类号： B42D15/10 ,  B44F1/12 ,  G02B5/18 ,  G03H1/04 ,  G06K9/76 ,  G01J4/00 ,  G03H1/00

CPC分类号： B42D25/391 ,  B42D25/00 ,  B42D25/23 ,  B42D25/328 ,  B42D25/425 ,  G02B5/1809 ,  G02B5/1857 ,  G02B5/3083 ,  G03H1/0011 ,  G03H1/0244 ,  G03H1/028 ,  G03H1/041 ,  G03H2001/0288

摘要： An anticounterfeiting device comprising a surface relief structure having both diffractive and polarizing properties. Polarization of reflected light is controlled by the orientation and composition of a fine grating structure whose shortest period is substantially smaller than the wavelength of visible light; and diffraction is controlled by a longer period component of the grating structure having a second orientation. Presence and arrangement of the polarizing properties of the device are detected by illuminating the device with polarized light and viewing the reflected light, or by illuminating the device with unpolarized light and viewing reflected light through a polarizer. Because such a device is difficult to copy or reverse engineer precisely, the authenticity of the device can be judged by the presence and arrangement of the polarization properties and the diffraction properties in the device.

摘要翻译： 一种防伪装置，包括具有衍射和偏振性质的表面浮雕结构。 反射光的极化由最短周期远小于可见光波长的精细光栅结构的取向和组成来控制; 并且衍射由具有第二取向的光栅结构的较长周期分量控制。 通过用偏振光照射装置并观察反射光，或者通过用非偏振光照亮装置并通过偏振器观察反射光来检测装置的偏振特性的存在和排列。 由于这样的装置难以精确地复制或逆向工程，所以可以通过设备中的偏振特性和衍射特性的存在和布置来判断装置的真实性。

公开(公告)号：US07352469B2

公开(公告)日：2008-04-01

申请号：US11041005

申请日：2005-01-19

申请人： Stephen P. McGrew

发明人： Stephen P. McGrew

IPC分类号： G01B9/02 ,  G01B11/02 ,  G01J3/45 ,  G01J3/44

CPC分类号： G01N21/6458 ,  B82Y10/00 ,  B82Y20/00 ,  G01N21/21 ,  G01N21/3581 ,  G01N21/648 ,  G01N2021/396

摘要： Quantum resonance fluorescent microscope systems for detecting component substances in a specimen are described. The systems are based on exciting the sample containing the material with a femtosecond to nanosecond probe pulse of collimated light, which is tailored to optimize detection of a given material by separating the probe pulse into component features of frequency, polarization, phase and/or amplitude. The component features are independently shaped and formed into a composite pulse selected to optimize a signature response pulse received from the material. In some cases, two independently re-shaped pulses are combined, where one re-shaped pulse has two mixed polarization states and the other re-shaped pulse is linearly polarized. These two pulses are made to intersect at an angle of 90 degrees so that the combined pulse has electric field in each of the XYZ axes. Selection of the appropriate shapes for the component features of the pulses for a given material is accomplished by testing variations in the features on the material, assigning a fitness value to variants that tend to optimize a distinctive spectral response from the material, and using a genetic algorithm to select the combination of component features that enhances the distinctiveness of the response received over a typical background.

摘要翻译： 描述了用于检测样品中成分物质的量子共振荧光显微镜系统。 该系统基于激发包含材料的样品，其具有飞秒至纳秒的准直光探针脉冲，其被定制以通过将探针脉冲分离成频率，极化，相位和/或振幅的分量特征来优化给定材料的检测 。 组件特征被独立地成形并形成为选择用于优化从材料接收的签名响应脉冲的复合脉冲。 在一些情况下，组合两个独立的重新形状的脉冲，其中一个重新形状的脉冲具有两个混合极化状态，另一个重新形状的脉冲是线偏振的。 使这两个脉冲以90度的角度相交，使得组合的脉冲在每个XYZ轴中具有电场。 通过测试材料中的特征的变化来确定针对给定材料的脉冲的组分特征的适当形状的选择，将适合度值分配给倾向于优化来自材料的特征光谱响应的变体，以及使用遗传 算法来选择增强在典型背景上接收的响应的独特性的组件特征的组合。

公开(公告)号：US4206965A

公开(公告)日：1980-06-10

申请号：US716463

申请日：1976-08-23

申请人： Stephen P. McGrew

发明人： Stephen P. McGrew

IPC分类号： G02B13/08 ,  G02B27/22 ,  G03H1/04 ,  G03H1/06 ,  G03H1/24 ,  G03H1/26 ,  G03H1/30 ,  G02B27/00

CPC分类号： G03H1/0406 ,  G03H1/06 ,  G03H1/24 ,  G03H1/26 ,  G03H1/0486 ,  G03H1/0891 ,  G03H2001/2685 ,  G03H2001/2695

摘要： A system for synthesizing strip-multiplexed holograms, with or without coherent light, from a plurality of two-dimensional images. The two-dimensional images may be formed by a motion picture film of a rotating subject such that each image is a view of the subject from a different angle. The images are then non-diffusely and anamorphically projected by a lens system which compresses the image in a first direction and expands the image in a second direction orthogonal to the first direction. The projected image or object beam is then superimposed on the reference beam by a lens-beamsplitter which transforms the substantially planar object beam into a substantially cylindrical wavefront and projects it and the reference beam onto a holographic recording medium. As each two-dimensional image is sequentially projected, the holographic recording medium is shifted so that a plurality of laterally displaced strips are recorded. Alternate embodiments of the system utilize a holographic diffraction grating contact printed by means of the object beam onto the holographic recording medium instead of a reference beam to produce an interference pattern, a video projection system instead of a cinema film projection system, a three-color image of coherent or nondiffuse light instead of a monochromatic image, and/or three separate holographic diffraction gratings produced by three different monochromatic sources of coherent light instead of a single holographic diffraction grating in order to produce multicolor holograms, or a reference beam or reflective surface relief diffraction grating or Fresnel mirror behind the holographic recording medium for synthesis of reflection holograms instead of transmission holograms. The system is capable of synthesizing image plane holograms by using a variety of disclosed processes. Techniques are also disclosed for synthesizing holograms which can be displayed flat and illuminated with a point light source without introducing image distortion.

公开(公告)号：US06263104B1

公开(公告)日：2001-07-17

申请号：US09224260

申请日：1998-12-31

申请人： Stephen P. McGrew

发明人： Stephen P. McGrew

IPC分类号： G06K976

CPC分类号： G06K7/10831 ,  G03H1/0011 ,  G03H1/22 ,  G03H2001/2247 ,  G03H2001/2268 ,  G06K7/10722 ,  G06K7/1094 ,  G06K9/00 ,  G06K2019/0629 ,  G07F7/086

摘要： A system and method for reading the information stored in holograms and other diffractive objects. The information is read by analyzing the diffraction pattern produced when a laser beam is focused onto a small spot on the object and scanned across the object.

摘要翻译： 一种用于读取存储在全息图和其它衍射物体中的信息的系统和方法。 通过分析当激光束聚焦到物体上的小点上并在物体上扫描时产生的衍射图案来读取信息。

公开(公告)号：US5396559A

公开(公告)日：1995-03-07

申请号：US574647

申请日：1990-08-24

申请人： Stephen P. McGrew

发明人： Stephen P. McGrew

IPC分类号： B42D15/10 ,  G03H1/04 ,  G06K19/10 ,  G07C9/00 ,  G09C5/00

CPC分类号： B42D25/328 ,  B42D25/00 ,  G03H1/0236 ,  G03H1/04 ,  G06K19/10 ,  G07C9/00079 ,  B42D25/309 ,  B42D25/485 ,  G03H1/2205 ,  G03H1/268 ,  G03H2001/0016 ,  G03H2001/0022 ,  G03H2001/0224 ,  G03H2001/0413 ,  G03H2001/0497 ,  G03H2001/2244 ,  G03H2210/22 ,  G03H2210/54 ,  G03H2223/12 ,  G03H2227/06

摘要： A security device for use on identification cards, monetary documents, and the like using a reference pattern and a message pattern each having the appearance of a random pattern of dots. The reference pattern is a dense pattern of randomly positioned dots, and the message pattern is a modulated version of the reference pattern in which the dots of the reference pattern are slightly repositioned by an amount depending on the grey value or color value of a message image at each dot location. The message image is decrypted and becomes visible with a range of grey values when it is viewed through a film transparency of the reference pattern. The dot pattern may be printed, embossed or recorded as a photograph or a hologram. Decryption of the message image may be accomplished by viewing through a contact mask, superposition of images of the message pattern and reference pattern, by viewing the message pattern through a mask positioned at a real image of the reference pattern, or like means.

摘要翻译： 一种使用参考图案的识别卡，货币单据等使用的安全装置，以及各自具有随机点阵图案的消息图案。 参考图案是随机定位的点的致密图案，并且消息图案是参考图案的调制版本，其中参考图案的点稍微重新定位一定量，取决于消息图像的灰度值或颜色值 在每个点位置。 当通过参考图案的胶片透明度观看时，消息图像被解密并变得可见，具有一定范围的灰度值。 点图案可以打印，压花或记录为照片或全息图。 消息图像的解密可以通过通过接触掩模进行观看来实现，通过通过位于参考图案的实际图像的掩模来查看消息图案，或者类似的手段来查看消息图案和参考图案的图像的叠加。

公开(公告)号：US4629282A

公开(公告)日：1986-12-16

申请号：US314553

申请日：1982-02-08

申请人： Stephen P. McGrew

发明人： Stephen P. McGrew

IPC分类号： G02B5/18 ,  G03H1/20

CPC分类号： G02B5/1842 ,  G03H1/0011 ,  Y10S359/90

摘要： A method of producing color and texture effects on a surface (210,400) without the use of pigments or actual texturing. Diffraction patterns generated by interference between two light beams (220,230) are recorded in a suitable high-resolution photographic material (210,400) and are used instead of paints or inks to provide desired color and texture effects in the various regions (440,530) of an artistic or decorative composition. The resulting composition (210,400) may contain spectrally pure or mixed colors and a wide range of static or dynamic textural illusions visible under a variety of lighting conditions.

公开(公告)号：US4204881A

公开(公告)日：1980-05-27

申请号：US947488

申请日：1978-10-02

申请人： Stephen P. McGrew

发明人： Stephen P. McGrew

IPC分类号： G02B5/32 ,  H01L31/042 ,  H01L31/052 ,  H01L31/04

CPC分类号： G02B5/32 ,  H01L31/042 ,  H01L31/0543 ,  H01L31/0547 ,  H01L31/0549 ,  H02S20/32 ,  Y02E10/52

摘要： A system for generating electrical power from sunlight, comprising a focussing diffraction grating or other focussing, spectrally dispersive means and a photocell array. The diffraction grating focuses sunlight into a spectrally dispersed band. The photocell array is composed of cells with different spectral sensitivities, located in positions in the dispersed band corresponding to the cell spectral sensitivities so that the net conversion efficiency of sunlight to electricity exceeds the conversion efficiency attainable with nondispersive collectors and single material photocells. Alternate embodiments of the invention provide sun tracking means, reflective or transmissive diffraction gratings, flat or curved diffraction grating surfaces, on- or off-axis focus, and optical coatings on the photocell surfaces.

摘要翻译： 一种用于从太阳光产生电力的系统，包括聚焦衍射光栅或其它聚焦，光谱分散装置和光电池阵列。 衍射光栅将太阳光聚焦到光谱分散的带中。 光电池阵列由具有不同光谱灵敏度的单元组成，位于对应于单元光谱灵敏度的分散频带中的位置，使得太阳光对电的净转换效率超过了非分散收集器和单一材料光电池可实现的转换效率。 本发明的替代实施例提供太阳跟踪装置，反射或透射衍射光栅，平面或弯曲衍射光栅表面，轴上或离轴焦点以及光电池表面上的光学涂层。

公开(公告)号：US06535638B2

公开(公告)日：2003-03-18

申请号：US09881409

申请日：2001-06-13

申请人： Stephen P. McGrew

发明人： Stephen P. McGrew

IPC分类号： G06K976

CPC分类号： G06K7/10831 ,  G03H1/0011 ,  G03H1/22 ,  G03H2001/2247 ,  G03H2001/2268 ,  G06K7/10722 ,  G06K7/1094 ,  G06K9/00 ,  G06K2019/0629 ,  G07F7/086

摘要： A system and method for reading the information stored in holograms and other diffractive objects. The information is read by analyzing the diffraction pattern produced when a laser beam is focused onto a small spot on the object and scanned across the object.

公开(公告)号：US06346668B1

公开(公告)日：2002-02-12

申请号：US09687607

申请日：2000-10-12

申请人： Stephen P. McGrew

发明人： Stephen P. McGrew

IPC分类号： H01L3500

CPC分类号： H01L35/30

摘要： The invention provides a solid-state cooler that provides counter-current electricity flow through a device that includes Peltier junctions interconnecting the opposing flow of current through the device. The combination of counter-current flow with the Thompson,Peltier, and Seebeck thermoelectric effects provides an apparatus having the advantages of high energy efficiency, very small size and the ability to reach very low temperatures (near liquid nitrogen temperatures) with minimal energy input. The cooling apparatus is suitable for use in variety of applications, including superconductive devices such a superconductive Quantum Interference Devices (SQUID's) used in medical imaging to increase the sensitivity and resolution of NMR techniques. It is also provides a useful tool for cryosurgery apllications without the risks associated with the use and storage of liquid nitrogen. In addition, the device can be operated in the reverse to generate current from small gradients of temperature.

摘要翻译： 本发明提供了一种固态冷却器，其提供逆流电流通过一种装置，该装置包括将相对的电流流过装置互相连接的珀尔帖结。 逆流与Thompson，Peltier和Seebeck热电效应的组合提供了具有高能量效率，非常小的尺寸和以最小的能量输入达到非常低的温度（接近液氮温度）的能力的设备。 该冷却装置适用于各种应用，包括超导装置，例如用于医学成像的超导量子干涉装置（SQUID），以提高NMR技术的灵敏度和分辨率。 它还为没有与使用和储存液氮相关的风险的冷冻手术应用提供了有用的工具。 此外，器件可以反向工作，从小的温度梯度产生电流。

公开(公告)号：US5521030A

公开(公告)日：1996-05-28

申请号：US469432

申请日：1995-06-06

申请人： Stephen P. McGrew

发明人： Stephen P. McGrew

IPC分类号： G03F7/00 ,  G03H1/02 ,  G03H1/04

CPC分类号： G03H1/0276 ,  G03F7/00 ,  G03H1/028 ,  G03H1/04 ,  G03H2001/0292 ,  G03H2001/0296 ,  G03H2001/043 ,  G03H2001/0482 ,  G03H2223/14 ,  G03H2224/04 ,  G03H2225/11 ,  G03H2260/14 ,  G03H2260/63 ,  G03H2270/13 ,  G03H2270/21

摘要： A method for producing durable embossing tools is disclosed. An anisotropic etching process, such as ion etching, is used to etch a relief pattern into a hard substrate. A transfer layer is formed overlaying a generally smooth, seamless surface region of a substrate. A desired relief pattern is formed in the transfer layer, by exposing a photoresist, embossing, or the like. The substrate having the photoresist thereon is subjected to an anisotropic etch. The anisotropic etch continues until the transfer layer is completely removed and the relief pattern is formed in the upper surface of the embossing tool. The relative etch rates between the transfer layer and the surface region of the embossing tool are selected to provide the desired depth modulation in the surface of the embossing tool. An embossing tool produced according to the invention has a relatively hard surface and may thus be used for the mass production of holographic images without significant degradation of the pattern. Because the embossing tool can be made from an extremely hard material such as chromium or hardened steel, materials which previously could not be economically embossed with holograms, such as aluminum or steel, may now be embossed by an embossing tool made according to this invention.

摘要翻译： 公开了一种生产耐用压花工具的方法。 使用诸如离子蚀刻的各向异性蚀刻工艺将浮雕图案蚀刻成硬质衬底。 形成覆盖基板的大致光滑，无缝的表面区域的转印层。 通过曝光光致抗蚀剂，压花等，在转印层中形成所需的浮雕图案。 对其上具有光致抗蚀剂的基板进行各向异性蚀刻。 各向异性蚀刻继续，直到转印层被完全去除，并且浮雕图案形成在压花工具的上表面中。 选择转印层和压花工具的表面区域之间的相对蚀刻速率以在压花工具的表面中提供期望的深度调制。 根据本发明制造的压花工具具有相对较硬的表面，因此可用于大量生产全息图像而不会显着降低图案。 由于压花工具可以由诸如铬或硬化钢之类的非常硬的材料制成，所以以前不能经济地压印全息图的材料，例如铝或钢，现在可以通过根据本发明制造的压花工具来压花。