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    Method for destroying halocarbon compositions using a critical solvent
    6.
    发明授权
    Method for destroying halocarbon compositions using a critical solvent 失效
    使用临界溶剂破坏卤代烃组合物的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06984768B2

    公开(公告)日：2006-01-10

    申请号：US10152599

    申请日：2002-05-21

    申请人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  Robert V. Fox ,  Stuart K. Janikowski

    发明人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  Robert V. Fox ,  Stuart K. Janikowski

    IPC分类号： A62D3/00

    CPC分类号： A62D3/34 ,  A62D3/37 ,  A62D2101/22

    摘要： A method for destroying halocarbons. Halocarbon materials are reacted in a dehalogenation process wherein they are combined with a solvent in the presence of a catalyst. A hydrogen-containing solvent is preferred which functions as both a solvating agent and hydrogen donor. To augment the hydrogen donation capacity of the solvent if needed (or when non-hydrogen-containing solvents are used), a supplemental hydrogen donor composition may be employed. In operation, at least one of the temperature and pressure of the solvent is maintained near, at, or above a critical level. For example, the solvent may be in (1) a supercritical state; (2) a state where one of the temperature or pressure thereof is at or above critical; or (3) a state where at least one of the temperature and pressure thereof is near-critical. This system provides numerous benefits including improved reaction rates, efficiency, and versatility.

    摘要翻译： 一种破坏卤代烃的方法。 卤代烃材料在脱卤方法中反应，其中它们在催化剂存在下与溶剂组合。 优选含氢溶剂，其既用作溶剂化剂又可用作氢供体。 为了增加溶剂的氢气供应能力（如果需要的话）（或者当使用不含氢的溶剂时），可以使用补氢供体组合物。 在操作中，溶剂的温度和压力中的至少一个保持接近，等于或高于临界水平。 例如，溶剂可以是（1）超临界状态; （2）其温度或压力之一处于或超过临界状态; 或（3）至少其中一个温度和压力接近临界的状态。 该系统提供了许多好处，包括提高反应速率，效率和多功能性。

    Process for producing biodiesel, lubricants, and fuel and lubricant additives in a critical fluid medium
    7.
    发明授权
    Process for producing biodiesel, lubricants, and fuel and lubricant additives in a critical fluid medium 有权
    在临界流体介质中生产生物柴油，润滑剂，燃料和润滑剂添加剂的方法

    公开(公告)号：US06887283B1

    公开(公告)日：2005-05-03

    申请号：US09554708

    申请日：1999-07-22

    申请人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  Robert V. Fox

    发明人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  Robert V. Fox

    IPC分类号： C10L1/19 ,  C10M105/34 ,  C10M129/70 ,  C10M177/00 ,  C11C1/04 ,  C11C1/06 ,  C11C3/00 ,  C11C3/02 ,  C11C3/04 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10M105/32

    CPC分类号： C10L1/19 ,  C10M105/34 ,  C10M129/70 ,  C10M177/00 ,  C10M2207/281 ,  C10M2207/2815 ,  C10N2270/00 ,  C11C1/04 ,  C11C1/06 ,  C11C3/003 ,  C11C3/02 ,  C11C3/04 ,  Y02E50/13

    摘要： A process for producing alkyl esters useful in biofuels and lubricants by transesterifying glyceride- or esterifying free fatty acid-containing substances in a single critical phase medium is disclosed. The critical phase medium provides increased reaction rates, decreases the loss of catalyst or catalyst activity and improves the overall yield of desired product. The process involves the steps of dissolving an input glyceride- or free fatty acid-containing substance with an alcohol or water into a critical fluid medium; reacting the glyceride- or free fatty acid-containing substance with the alcohol or water input over either a solid or liquid acidic or basic catalyst and sequentially separating the products from each other and from the critical fluid medium, which critical fluid medium can then be recycled back in the process. The process significantly reduces the cost of producing additives or alternatives to automotive fuels and lubricants utilizing inexpensive glyceride- or free fatty acid-containing substances, such as animal fats, vegetable oils, rendered fats, and restaurant grease.

    摘要翻译： 公开了通过在单一临界相介质中酯交换甘油酯或酯化游离脂肪酸的物质来生产用于生物燃料和润滑剂的烷基酯的方法。 临界相介质提供增加的反应速率，减少催化剂的损失或催化剂活性并提高所需产物的总产率。 该方法包括将含有醇或水的输入甘油酯或游离脂肪酸物质溶解在临界流体介质中的步骤; 使含有甘油酯或游离脂肪酸的物质与醇或水输入物在固体或液体酸性或碱性催化剂上反应，并将产物相互分离并从临界流体介质中分离，该临界流体介质可以再循环 回过头来 该方法显着降低了使用廉价的含有甘油酯或游离脂肪酸的物质（如动物脂肪，植物油，成熟脂肪和餐后油脂）来生产添加剂或替代汽车燃料和润滑剂的成本。

    Method for reactivating solid catalysts used in alkylation reactions
    8.
    发明授权
    Method for reactivating solid catalysts used in alkylation reactions 失效
    烷基化反应中使用的固体催化剂再活化方法

    公开(公告)号：US06579821B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-06-17

    申请号：US09593186

    申请日：2000-06-14

    申请人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  David N. Thompson ,  Kyle Coates ,  David J. Zalewski ,  Robert V. Fox

    发明人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  David N. Thompson ,  Kyle Coates ,  David J. Zalewski ,  Robert V. Fox

    IPC分类号： B01J3856

    CPC分类号： B01J38/56 ,  B01J2038/005

    摘要： A method for reactivating a solid alkylation catalyst is provided which can be performed within a reactor that contains the alkylation catalyst or outside the reactor. Effective catalyst reactivation is achieved whether the catalyst is completely deactivated or partially deactivated. A fluid reactivating agent is employed to dissolve catalyst fouling agents and also to react with such agents and carry away the reaction products. The deactivated catalyst is contacted with the fluid reactivating agent under pressure and temperature conditions such that the fluid reactivating agent is dense enough to effectively dissolve the fouling agents and any reaction products of the fouling agents and the reactivating agent. Useful pressures and temperatures for reactivation include near-critical, critical, and supercritical pressures and temperatures for the reactivating agent. The fluid reactivating agent can include, for example, a branched paraffin containing at least one tertiary carbon atom, or a compound that can be isomerized to a molecule containing at least one tertiary carbon atom.

    摘要翻译： 提供了可以在含有烷基化催化剂的反应器中或在反应器外部进行的重新活化固体烷基化催化剂的方法。 无论催化剂是完全失活还是部分失活，都能实现有效的催化剂再活化。 使用流体再活化剂来溶解催化剂污垢剂，并且与这些试剂反应并携带反应产物。 失活的催化剂在压力和温度条件下与流体再生剂接触，使得流体再活化剂足够致密以有效地溶解污垢剂和污垢剂和再活化剂的任何反应产物。 重新激活的有用的压力和温度包括重新激活剂的近临界，临界和超临界压力和温度。 流体再活化剂可以包括例如含有至少一个叔碳原子的支链烷烃，或可以异构化成含有至少一个叔碳原子的分子的化合物。

    Method for removing impurities from an impurity-containing fluid stream
    9.
    发明授权
    Method for removing impurities from an impurity-containing fluid stream 有权
    从含杂质流体物流中除去杂质的方法

    公开(公告)号：US07691270B2

    公开(公告)日：2010-04-06

    申请号：US11181211

    申请日：2005-07-13

    申请人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  Robert V. Fox

    发明人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  Robert V. Fox

    IPC分类号： C07C51/00 ,  A23L1/28

    CPC分类号： B01D11/0407

    摘要： A method of removing at least one polar component from a fluid stream. The method comprises providing a fluid stream comprising at least one nonpolar component and at least one polar component. The fluid stream is contacted with a supercritical solvent to remove the at least one polar component. The at least one nonpolar component may be a fat or oil and the at least one polar component may be water, dirt, detergents, or mixtures thereof. The supercritical solvent may decrease solubility of the at least one polar component in the fluid stream. The supercritical solvent may function as a solvent or as a gas antisolvent. The supercritical solvent may dissolve the nonpolar components of the fluid stream, such as fats or oils, while the polar components may be substantially insoluble. Alternatively, the supercritical solvent may be used to increase the nonpolarity of the fluid stream.

    摘要翻译： 从流体流中除去至少一种极性组分的方法。 该方法包括提供包含至少一种非极性组分和至少一种极性组分的流体流。 流体物流与超临界溶剂接触以除去至少一种极性组分。 所述至少一种非极性组分可以是脂肪或油，并且所述至少一种极性组分可以是水，污垢，洗涤剂或其混合物。 超临界溶剂可以降低至少一种极性组分在流体流中的溶解度。 超临界溶剂可用作溶剂或气体反溶剂。 超临界溶剂可溶解流体物流的非极性组分，例如脂肪或油，而极性组分可能基本上不溶。 或者，超临界溶剂可用于增加流体流的非极性。

    Method for reactivating solid catalysts used in alkylation reactions
    10.
    发明授权
    Method for reactivating solid catalysts used in alkylation reactions 失效
    烷基化反应中使用的固体催化剂再活化方法

    公开(公告)号：US06887813B2

    公开(公告)日：2005-05-03

    申请号：US10412806

    申请日：2003-04-09

    申请人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  David N. Thompson ,  Kyle Coates ,  David J. Zalewski ,  Robert V. Fox

    发明人： Daniel M. Ginosar ,  David N. Thompson ,  Kyle Coates ,  David J. Zalewski ,  Robert V. Fox

    IPC分类号： B01J38/00 ,  B01J38/56 ,  B01J20/34

    CPC分类号： B01J38/56 ,  B01J2038/005

    摘要： A method for reactivating a solid alkylation catalyst is provided which can be performed within a reactor that contains the alkylation catalyst or outside the reactor. Effective catalyst reactivation is achieved whether the catalyst is completely deactivated or partially deactivated. A fluid reactivating agent is employed to dissolve catalyst fouling agents and also to react with such agents and carry away the reaction products. The deactivated catalyst is contacted with the fluid reactivating agent under pressure and temperature conditions such that the fluid reactivating agent is dense enough to effectively dissolve the fouling agents and any reaction products of the fouling agents and the reactivating agent. Useful pressures and temperatures for reactivation include near-critical, critical, and supercritical pressures and temperatures for the reactivating agent. The fluid reactivating agent can include, for example, a branched paraffin containing at least one tertiary carbon atom, or a compound that can be isomerized to a molecule containing at least one tertiary carbon atom.

    摘要翻译： 提供了可以在含有烷基化催化剂的反应器中或在反应器外部进行的重新活化固体烷基化催化剂的方法。 无论催化剂是完全失活还是部分失活，都能实现有效的催化剂再活化。 使用流体再活化剂来溶解催化剂污垢剂，并且与这些试剂反应并携带反应产物。 失活的催化剂在压力和温度条件下与流体再生剂接触，使得流体再活化剂足够致密以有效地溶解污垢剂和污垢剂和再活化剂的任何反应产物。 重新激活的有用的压力和温度包括重新激活剂的近临界，临界和超临界压力和温度。 流体再活化剂可以包括例如含有至少一个叔碳原子的支链烷烃，或可以异构化成含有至少一个叔碳原子的分子的化合物。