公开(公告)号：US20100028707A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-04

申请号：US12066479

申请日：2006-09-12

申请人： Thomas E. Cowan ,  Steven Malekos ,  Grant Korgan ,  Jesse Adams ,  Yasuhiko Sentoku ,  Nathalie Le Galloudec ,  Julien Fuchs

发明人： Thomas E. Cowan ,  Steven Malekos ,  Grant Korgan ,  Jesse Adams ,  Yasuhiko Sentoku ,  Nathalie Le Galloudec ,  Julien Fuchs

IPC分类号： B32B15/01 ,  B32B1/00

CPC分类号： H05H1/24 ,  G21B1/19 ,  H01J35/08 ,  H05G2/00 ,  H05G2/001 ,  H05G2/008 ,  H05H1/02 ,  Y02E30/16 ,  Y10T428/12 ,  Y10T428/12299 ,  Y10T428/1241 ,  Y10T428/12493 ,  Y10T428/12806 ,  Y10T428/12868 ,  Y10T428/12889 ,  Y10T428/13

摘要： In particular embodiments, the present disclosure provides targets including a metal layer and defining a hollow inner surface. The hollow inner surface has an internal apex. The distance between at least two opposing points of the internal apex is less than about 15 μm. In particular examples, the distance is less than about lam. Particular implementations of the targets are free standing. The targets have a number of disclosed shaped, including cones, pyramids, hemispheres, and capped structures. The present disclosure also provides arrays of such targets. Also provided are methods of forming targets, such as the disclosed targets, using lithographic techniques, such as photolithographic techniques. In particular examples, a target mold is formed from a silicon wafer and then one or more sides of the mold are coated with a target material, such as one or more metals.

摘要翻译： 在具体实施方案中，本公开提供了包括金属层并限定中空内表面的靶。 中空的内表面具有内部顶点。 内部顶点的至少两个相对的点之间的距离小于约15μm。 在具体示例中，距离小于约lam。 目标的具体实现是独立的。 目标具有许多公开的形状，包括锥体，金字塔，半球和封盖结构。 本公开还提供了这样的靶的阵列。 还提供了使用光刻技术（诸如光刻技术）形成靶的方法，例如所公开的靶。 在具体实例中，目标模具由硅晶片形成，然后模具的一侧或多侧涂覆有目标材料，例如一种或多种金属。

公开(公告)号：US07555102B1

公开(公告)日：2009-06-30

申请号：US11732920

申请日：2007-04-05

申请人： Nathalie Renard-Le Galloudec ,  Thomas E. Cowan ,  Yasuhiko Sentoku ,  Jennifer Rassuchine

发明人： Nathalie Renard-Le Galloudec ,  Thomas E. Cowan ,  Yasuhiko Sentoku ,  Jennifer Rassuchine

IPC分类号： H01J35/08 ,  H05G1/00

CPC分类号： H05G2/001 ,  A61B5/0091 ,  A61B5/4312

摘要： In particular embodiments, the present disclosure provides systems and methods for imaging a subject using radiation emitted from a laser produced plasma generating by irradiating a target with a laser. In particular examples, the target includes at least one radiation enhancing component, such as a fluor, cap, or wire. In further examples, the target has a metal layer and an internal surface defining an internal apex, the internal apex of less than about 15 μm, such as less than about 1 μm. The targets may take a variety of shapes, including cones, pyramids, and hemispheres. Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide improved imaging of a subject, such as improved medical images of a radiation dose than typical conventional methods and systems.

摘要翻译： 在具体实施方案中，本公开提供了使用从激光产生的等离子体发射的辐射来对对象进行成像的系统和方法，所述等离子体通过用激光照射靶。 在具体实例中，靶包括至少一种辐射增强组分，例如氟，帽或线。 在另外的实施例中，靶具有金属层和限定内部顶点的内表面，内部顶点小于约15μm，例如小于约1μm。 目标可能采取各种形状，包括锥体，金字塔和半球。 本公开的某些方面提供了对象的改进的成像，例如比典型的常规方法和系统的辐射剂量的改进的医学图像。

公开(公告)号：US06852985B2

公开(公告)日：2005-02-08

申请号：US10361152

申请日：2003-02-05

申请人： Thomas E. Cowan ,  Markus Roth ,  Patrick Audebert

发明人： Thomas E. Cowan ,  Markus Roth ,  Patrick Audebert

IPC分类号： H01J27/24 ,  H01L21/26 ,  C23C14/00 ,  H01J49/16

CPC分类号： H01J27/24

摘要： Methods and apparatus for focusing proton and ion beams within the profile of the beam envelope of an ultra-low emittance, charge neutralized emission to create a pattern without focusing the entire beam envelope or rastering. In one implementation, a method for use with laser accelerated ion beams comprises the steps: irradiating a surface of a target with pulsed laser irradiation to produce an electron plasma emission on a non-irradiated surface of the target, the electron plasma emission producing an ion beam emission on the non-irradiated surface, the ion beam emission having a beam envelope; and focusing ions of the ion beam emission into a plurality of component beams within the beam envelope as a result of the shape of the non-irradiated surface of the target.

摘要翻译： 用于将质子和离子束聚焦在超低发射率的电子束包络的轮廓内的电荷中和的发射以产生图案而不聚焦整个束包络或图像。 在一个实施方案中，用于激光加速离子束的方法包括以下步骤：用脉冲激光照射照射靶的表面以在靶的未照射表面上产生电子等离子体发射，产生电离子 在未照射表面上的光束发射，具有光束包围的离子束发射; 并且由于靶的未照射表面的形状，将离子束发射的离子聚焦到束包络内的多个分量光束中。

公开(公告)号：US5375321A

公开(公告)日：1994-12-27

申请号：US39671

申请日：1993-03-30

申请人： Rajeev R. Rohatgi ,  Thomas E. Cowan

发明人： Rajeev R. Rohatgi ,  Thomas E. Cowan

IPC分类号： H01L23/64 ,  H05K1/00 ,  H05K1/02 ,  H05K3/32 ,  H05K9/00 ,  H05K3/02

CPC分类号： H05K9/0039 ,  H05K1/0218 ,  H01L23/642 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H05K1/0393 ,  H05K2201/055 ,  H05K2201/0715 ,  H05K3/326 ,  Y10T29/49126 ,  Y10T29/49155

摘要： Fan-folded electrical leads made from copper cladded Kapton, for example, with the copper cladding on one side serving as a ground plane and the copper cladding on the other side being etched to form the leads. The Kapton is fan folded with the leads located at the bottom of the fan-folds. Electrical connections are made by partially opening the folds of the fan and soldering, for example, the connections directly to the ground plane and/or the lead. The fan folded arrangement produces a number of advantages, such as electrically shielding the leads from the environment, is totally non-magnetic, and has a very low thermal conductivity, while being easy to fabricate.

摘要翻译： 例如，由铜包覆的Kapton制成的风扇折叠电线，一侧的铜包层用作接地平面，另一侧的铜包层被蚀刻以形成引线。 Kapton风扇折叠，导线位于风扇折叠的底部。 通过部分地打开风扇的折叠并焊接例如直接连接到接地平面和/或引线的连接来进行电连接。 风扇折叠布置产生许多优点，例如将引线与环境电屏蔽，是完全非磁性的，并且具有非常低的导热性，同时易于制造。

公开(公告)号：US06693277B2

公开(公告)日：2004-02-17

申请号：US09224748

申请日：1999-01-04

申请人： Thomas E. Cowan ,  Richard H. Howell ,  Carlos A. Colmenares

发明人： Thomas E. Cowan ,  Richard H. Howell ,  Carlos A. Colmenares

IPC分类号： G01T1169

CPC分类号： G01N23/046 ,  G01N2223/419

摘要： Detection of submicron scale cracks and other mechanical and chemical surface anomalies using PET. This surface technique has sufficient sensitivity to detect single voids or pits of sub-millimeter size and single cracks or fissures of millimeter size; and single cracks or fissures of millimeter-scale length, micrometer-scale depth, and nanometer-scale length, micrometer-scale depth, and nanometer-scale width. This technique can also be applied to detect surface regions of differing chemical reactivity. It may be utilized in a scanning or survey mode to simultaneously detect such mechanical or chemical features over large interior or exterior surface areas of parts as large as about 50 cm in diameter. The technique involves exposing a surface to short-lived radioactive gas for a time period, removing the excess gas to leave a partial monolayer, determining the location and shape of the cracks, voids, porous regions, etc., and calculating the width, depth, and length thereof. Detection of 0.01 mm deep cracks using a 3 mm detector resolution has been accomplished using this technique.

摘要翻译： 使用PET检测亚微米尺度裂纹和其他机械和化学表面异常。 该表面技术具有足够的灵敏度来检测亚毫米尺寸的单个空隙或凹坑，以及毫米尺寸的单个裂纹或裂缝; 毫米级长度，微米级深度和纳米级长度，微米级深度和纳米级宽度的单裂纹或裂缝。 该技术也可用于检测不同化学反应性的表面区域。 它可以用于扫描或测量模式，以在直径大约50cm的部分的大的内部或外部表面区域上同时检测这种机械或化学特征。 该技术包括将表面暴露于短寿命放射性气体一段时间，去除多余的气体以留下部分单层，确定裂缝，空隙，多孔区域等的位置和形状，并计算宽度，深度 ，及其长度。 使用这种技术已经实现了使用3mm检测器分辨率的0.01mm深裂纹的检测。

公开(公告)号：US5525760A

公开(公告)日：1996-06-11

申请号：US355792

申请日：1994-12-14

申请人： Rajeev R. Rohatgi ,  Thomas E. Cowan

发明人： Rajeev R. Rohatgi ,  Thomas E. Cowan

IPC分类号： H01L23/64 ,  H05K1/00 ,  H05K1/02 ,  H05K3/32 ,  H05K9/00

CPC分类号： H05K9/0039 ,  H05K1/0218 ,  H01L23/642 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H05K1/0393 ,  H05K2201/055 ,  H05K2201/0715 ,  H05K3/326 ,  Y10T29/49126 ,  Y10T29/49155

摘要： Fan-folded electrical leads made from copper cladded Kapton, for example, with the copper cladding on one side serving as a ground plane and the copper cladding on the other side being etched to form the leads. The Kapton is fan folded with the leads located at the bottom of the fan-folds. Electrical connections are made by partially opening the folds of the fan and soldering, for example, the connections directly to the ground plane and/or the lead. The fan folded arrangement produces a number of advantages, such as electrically shielding the leads from the environment, is totally non-magnetic, and has a very low thermal conductivity, while being easy to fabricate.

摘要翻译： 例如，由铜包覆的Kapton制成的风扇折叠电线，一侧的铜包层用作接地平面，另一侧的铜包层被蚀刻以形成引线。 Kapton风扇折叠，导线位于风扇折叠的底部。 通过部分地打开风扇的折叠并焊接例如直接连接到接地平面和/或引线的连接来进行电连接。 风扇折叠布置产生许多优点，例如将引线与环境电屏蔽，是完全非磁性的，并且具有非常低的导热性，同时易于制造。